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Title |
One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of Doris kerguelenensis |
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Journal |
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Year  |
2022 |
Publication |
Invertebrate Systematics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
419-435 |
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1044 |
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1447-2600, 1447-2600 |
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yes |
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8397 |
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Title |
Permafrost cooled in winter by thermal bridging through snow-covered shrub branches |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Nature Geoscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
554-560 |
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Keywords |
Climate change Climate sciences Climate-change impacts Cryospheric science |
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Programme |
1042 |
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ISSN |
1752-0908 |
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yes |
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8398 |
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Author |
Gautier Davesne, Daniel Fortier, Florent Domine |
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Title |
Properties and stratigraphy of polar ice patches in the Canadian High Arctic reveal their current resilience to warm summers |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Arctic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
414-449 |
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Abstract |
Ice patches are ubiquitous in polar regions and are a key element for landscape evolution. We present new insights into polar desert ice patch formation based on snow and ice properties at Ward Hunt Island (Canadian High Arctic, 83°N). Our results demonstrate that ice patches are composed of two distinct units. The upper unit is characterized by very fine granular and bubbly ice with a clear oblique layering. By contrast, the lower unit is strikingly different with coarse crystals, lower porosity, and a high frequency of fractures. For both units, superimposed ice formation at the base of the deep snowpack stands out as the primary ice aggradation process. The distinct properties of the lower unit likely result from a long period of kinetic ice crystal growth indicating a minimum age of several hundred years. A radiocarbon date of 3 487 ± 20 cal BP suggests that ice patches could potentially date back to the late Holocene. This old ice was recently truncated during warmer summers between 2008 and 2012, but the ice patch quickly recovered its volume during cooler summers. The old age of the ice patches and their rapid regeneration after melt events suggest their resilience to current warmer summers. |
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1042 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8399 |
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Title |
Quantitative meta-analysis reveals no association between mercury contamination and body condition in birds |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Biological Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
97 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1253-1271 |
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Keywords |
blood body mass energetics fat feather feeding habitat metabolism species |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
109,330,388,1036,1210 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1469-185X |
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yes |
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Serial |
8400 |
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Title |
Stable Isotope Trajectory Analysis (SITA): A new approach to quantify and visualize dynamics in stable isotope studies |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Ecological Monographs |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e1501 |
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Keywords |
changes composition dynamics food web functioning spatial stable isotope structure temporal trajectories |
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Abstract |
Ecologists working with stable isotopes have to deal with complex datasets including temporal and spatial replication, which makes the analysis and the representation of patterns of change challenging, especially at high resolution. Due to the lack of a commonly accepted conceptual framework in stable isotope ecology, the analysis and the graphical representation of stable isotope spatial and temporal dynamics of stable isotope value at the organism or community scale remained in the past often descriptive and qualitative, impeding the quantitative detection of relevant functional patterns. The recent community trajectory analysis (CTA) framework provides more explicit perspectives for the analysis and the visualization of ecological trajectories. Building on CTA, we developed the Stable Isotope Trajectory Analysis (SITA) framework, to analyze the geometric properties of stable isotope trajectories on n-dimensional (n ? 2) spaces of analysis defined analogously to the traditional multivariate spaces (?) used in community ecology. This approach provides new perspectives into the quantitative analysis of spatio-temporal trajectories in stable isotope spaces (??) and derived structural and functional dynamics (?? space). SITA allows the calculation of a set of trajectory metrics, based on either trajectory distances or directions, and new graphical representation solutions, both easily performable in an R environment. Here, we illustrate the use of our approach by reanalyzing previously published datasets from marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems. We highlight the insights provided by this new analytic framework at the individual, population, community, and ecosystems levels, and discuss applications, limitations, and development potential. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
1557-7015 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8401 |
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Title |
Repeatability of alert and flight initiation distances in king penguins: Effects of colony, approach speed, and weather |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
128 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
303-316 |
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Keywords |
Aptenodytes patagonicus human disturbance optimal escape decisions personality predation risk |
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Abstract |
Alert distance (AD) and flight initiation distance (FID) are popular measures used to explore the reaction of prey to approaching predators, and thus the economics underlying optimal escape strategies. AD likely mirrors the effort invested into vigilance, while FID provides an estimate of the perceived risk of an approaching threat. Although individual variation in AD and FID is influenced by environmental factors such as variation in predation pressure and human disturbance, the repeatabilities of these traits (especially AD), and therefore their designation as personality traits, remain under-investigated. Here, we studied the repeatability of AD, FID, and the decision to flee in a flightless, ground-breeding seabird, the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). A single experimenter approached three times over three consecutive days 47 incubating king penguins from two different colonies with varying human disturbance levels. We explored the effects of weather, time of day, and approach speed of the experimenter on these behaviors. Weather had an effect on all three behaviors. In warm, sunny weather AD increased. In rainy, windy weather birds were more likely to flee, but waited longer before initiating flight. Faster approach speeds between AD and FID increased FID. Weather conditions and speed of approach affected repeatability estimates, highlighting the need to consider external sources of variation when refining such estimates. FID and the decision to flee were significantly and moderately repeatable (r = 0.26 and 0.57, respectively), while AD was not. There was no evidence of behavioral habituation or sensitization in either colony. |
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Programme |
119 |
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ISSN |
1439-0310 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8402 |
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Title |
Searching for genetic evidence of demographic decline in an arctic seabird: beware of overlapping generations |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Heredity |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
128 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
364-376 |
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Keywords |
Conservation biology Population genetics |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1210 |
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ISSN |
1365-2540 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8403 |
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Title |
Sex, body size, and boldness shape the seasonal foraging habitat selection in southern elephant seals |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
e8457 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Selecting foraging habitat is a fundamental behavior in the life of organisms as it directly links resource acquisition to fitness. Differences in habitat selection among individuals may arise from several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and yet, their interaction has been given little attention in the study of wild populations. We combine sex, body size, and boldness to explain individual differences in the seasonal foraging habitat selection of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from the Kerguelen Archipelago. We hypothesize that habitat selection is linked to the trade-off between resource acquisition and risk, and that individuals differ in their position along this trade-off because of differences in reproductive strategies, life stages, and metabolic requirements. Before the post-molt foraging trip, we used a novel object approach test to quantify the boldness of 28 subadult and adult females and 42 subadult males and equipped them with data loggers to track their movements at sea. Subadult males selected neritic and oceanic habitats, whereas females mostly selected less productive oceanic habitats. Both sexes showed a seasonal shift from Antarctic habitats in the south in the summer to the free of ice subantarctic and subtropical habitats in the north in the winter. Males avoided oceanic habitats and selected more productive neritic and Antarctic habitats with body size mostly in the winter. Bolder males selected northern warmer waters in winter, while shyer ones selected the Kerguelen plateau and southern colder oceanic waters. Bolder females selected the Kerguelen plateau in the summer when prey profitability is assumed to be the highest. This study not only provides new insights into the spatiotemporal foraging ecology of elephant seals in relation to personality but also emphasizes the relevance of combining several intrinsic and extrinsic factors in understanding among-individual variation in space use essential in wildlife management and conservation. |
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Programme |
109,1201 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2045-7758 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8405 |
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Title |
Spatio-temporal patterns in arctic fox (Vulpes alopex) diets revealed by molecular analysis of scats from Northeast Greenland |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Polar Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
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Pages |
100838 |
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Keywords |
Greenland Metabarcoding Predation Trophic interactions Tundra |
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Abstract |
The arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is endemic to the Arctic where it holds a central position in the trophic interactions. The diet of the species has previously been described as being highly flexible, but whether this flexibility is a constant trait through time, or merely reflects fast temporal changes in abundance among prey taxa, has so far been poorly resolved. Using molecular analyses of arctic fox scats from Northeast Greenland, we first examined the temporal dynamics of arctic fox diets during the short snow-free season, and then examined whether local food availability at different sites affected arctic fox dependence on lemmings. Arctic fox diets included most terrestrial vertebrate species found in the region, and exhibited substantial temporal changes, generally reflecting the dynamic changes in prey availability from late winter through autumn. This dietary flexibility was also reflected geographically, with arctic foxes consuming a variety of local prey (mainly waterfowl and lemmings) in summer. Moreover, the dietary response of arctic foxes to changes in lemming abundance depended on access to non-lemming prey. Based on these findings, we discuss whether varying degrees of lemming-dependency, combined with geographical differences in winter food availability, may explain previously published differences in arctic fox breeding patterns in high arctic Greenland. |
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Programme |
1036 |
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1873-9652 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8406 |
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Author |
Tignat-Perrier, R., Vogel, T. M., Técher, N., Larose, C., and Dommergue, A. |
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Title |
Microorganisms Floating Through the Air |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Frontiers for young minds |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Abstract |
Would you believe us if we told you that, when you breathe in, you inhale thousands of microorganisms with every breath. Although this might sound scary, be assured that they are safe for your health. These airborne microorganisms, too small to see with the naked eye, consist of many different species. Who are they? Where do they come from? What do they do in the air? These are some of the questions that we answer in this article, although many questions about airborne microorganisms remain to be explored. |
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Programme |
1028 |
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yes |
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8407 |
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