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Year  |
2023 |
Publication |
Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2194492 |
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Keywords |
Nunavik snow avalanches Time-lapse cameras weather data |
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1148 |
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ISSN |
1523-0430 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8695 |
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Author |
Joris Laborie, Matthieu Authier, Adrien Chaigne, Karine Delord, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Estimation of total population size of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) on Kerguelen and Crozet Archipelagos using very high-resolution satellite imagery |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Abstract |
Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) play a pivotal role in the Southern Ocean as wide-ranging marine predators and major prey consumers within Southern Ocean marine ecosystems. Due to their circumpolar distribution and the remoteness of their habitat, large uncertainties remain about their total population sizes. This is especially true for elephant seal populations in the French Southern Territories in the southern Indian Ocean (i.e. Crozet and Kerguelen Archipelagos) as many breeding sites are inaccessible for ground censuses. Here, we present a simple and efficient approach for estimating the total elephant seal populations of the Kerguelen and Crozet Archipelagos by using very high-resolution satellite imagery (<1m resolution). Twenty-eight satellite images taken during the breeding season to count female elephant seals in inaccessible areas were used and complemented the traditional annual ground counts in accessible areas. For Kerguelen Island sectors likely to host colonies and where no satellite images were available for the breeding season, a statistical predictive model was built to estimate the most likely number of breeding females to be present on a given beach according to its physiographic characteristics. Our results show the reliability of using very high-resolution satellite images, a relatively low-cost platform, to count pinniped populations and provide the first estimation of the total southern elephant seal population for both the Kerguelen 347,995 (s e = 4,950) and Crozet 13,065 (s e = 169) Archipelagos. The combined total represents over 35% of the global elephant seal population with the Kerguelen stock being numerically equivalent to the South Georgia stock. In addition, we re-examined the population trends since the last mid-century for Kerguelen and over the last five decades for Crozet. The demographic trends of the southern Indian Ocean populations show marked growth over the last decade (5.1% and 1.6% annual growth rate for Crozet and Kerguelen respectively), particularly on Crozet where the elephant seal population has more than tripled. |
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109,1201 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2296-7745 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8535 |
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Title |
Service of rapid magnetic variations, an update |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Geoscience Data Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
99-113 |
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Keywords |
event detection ISGI – International Service of Geomagnetic Indices rapid magnetic variations solar flare effects storm sudden commencements |
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Abstract |
Rapid magnetic variations on Earth are intimately linked with solar activity and this is one of the main topics in Space Weather research. Modelling and forecasting these phenomena are vital in our technological society. The Service of Rapid Magnetic Variations provides lists of these remarkable magnetic events in a continuous way in what constitutes a long geophysical series that began in the late 19th century. Although the aim of this Service remains unchanged, methods have changed with time. Here, we describe the recent evolution of the Service, its database and the latest works carried out to improve the products delivered to the scientific society. |
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139 |
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ISSN |
2049-6060 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8640 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Marine environmental research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
192 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106220 |
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Keywords |
Benthic-pelagic coupling Clams East Antarctica Food source Growth Ice Master chronology Sclerochronology Sympagic algae |
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Programme |
1124 |
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ISSN |
0141-1136 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8661 |
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Author |
Juliet Lamb, Jeremy Tornos, Romain Dedet, Hubert Gantelet, Nicolas Keck, Juliette Baron, Marine Bely, Augustin Clessin, Aline Flechet, Amandine Gamble, Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Hanging out at the club: Breeding status and territoriality affect individual space use, multi-species overlap and pathogen transmission risk at a seabird colony |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
576-590 |
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Keywords |
Diomedea amsterdamensis dynamic space utilization floaters foraging infectious disease nonbreeding Stercorarius antarcticus |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1151 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1365-2435 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8538 |
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Author |
K. El Hanafi, B. Gomez-Gomez, Z. Pedrero, P. Bustamante, Y. Cherel, D. Amouroux, Y. Madrid |
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Title |
Simple and rapid formic acid sample treatment for the isolation of HgSe nanoparticles from animal tissues |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Analytica Chimica Acta |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1250 |
Issue |
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Pages |
340952 |
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Keywords |
Mercury Sample treatment Seabirds Selenium spICP-MS Tiemannite |
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Abstract |
The present work explores for the first time the potential of formic acid on the extraction of tiemannite (HgSe) nanoparticles from seabird tissues, in particular giant petrels. Mercury (Hg) is considered one of the top ten chemicals of major public health concern. However, the fate and metabolic pathways of Hg in living organisms remain unknown. Methylmercury (MeHg), largely produced by microbial activity in the aquatic ecosystems is biomagnified in the trophic web. HgSe is considered the end-product of MeHg demethylation in biota and an increasing number of studies focuses on the characterization of this solid compound to understand its biomineralization. In this study, a conventional enzymatic treatment is compared with a simpler and environmentally friendly extraction by using formic acid (5 mL of = 50 % formic acid) as exclusive reagent. The analyses by spICP-MS of the resulting extracts from a variety of seabird biological tissues (liver, kidneys, brain, muscle) reveal comparable results by both extraction approaches in terms of nanoparticles stability and extraction efficiency. Therefore, the results included in this work demonstrate the good performance of employing organic acid as simple, cost effective and green procedure to extract HgSe nanoparticles from animal tissues. Moreover, an alternative consisting of a classical enzymatic procedure but with ultrasonic assistance reducing the extraction time from 12 h to 2 min is also described for the first time. The sample processing methodologies developed, combined with spICP-MS, have emerged as powerful tools for the rapid screening and quantification of HgSe nanoparticles in animal tissues. Finally, this combination allowed us to identify the possible occurrence of Cd particles and As particles associated with HgSe NPs in seabirds. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
0003-2670 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8551 |
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Title |
Climate change in the Arctic: Testing the poleward expansion of ticks and tick-borne diseases |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1729-1740 |
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Keywords |
Borrelia colonial seabirds invasion Ixodes uriae Ixodidae Lyme disease Rissa tridactyla Svalbard Uria lomvia |
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Abstract |
Climate change is most strongly felt in the polar regions of the world, with significant impacts on the species that live there. The arrival of parasites and pathogens from more temperate areas may become a significant problem for these populations, but current observations of parasite presence often lack a historical reference of prior absence. Observations in the high Arctic of the seabird tick Ixodes uriae suggested that this species expanded poleward in the last two decades in relation to climate change. As this tick can have a direct impact on the breeding success of its seabird hosts and vectors several pathogens, including Lyme disease spirochaetes, understanding its invasion dynamics is essential for predicting its impact on polar seabird populations. Here, we use population genetic data and host serology to test the hypothesis that I. uriae recently expanded into Svalbard. Both black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) were sampled for ticks and blood in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. Ticks were genotyped using microsatellite markers and population genetic analyses were performed using data from 14 reference populations from across the tick's northern distribution. In contrast to predictions, the Spitsbergen population showed high genetic diversity and significant differentiation from reference populations, suggesting long-term isolation. Host serology also demonstrated a high exposure rate to Lyme disease spirochaetes (Bbsl). Targeted PCR and sequencing confirmed the presence of Borrelia garinii in a Spitsbergen tick, demonstrating the presence of Lyme disease bacteria in the high Arctic for the first time. Taken together, results contradict the notion that I. uriae has recently expanded into the high Arctic. Rather, this tick has likely been present for some time, maintaining relatively high population sizes and an endemic transmission cycle of Bbsl. Close future observations of population infestation/infection rates will now be necessary to relate epidemiological changes to ongoing climate modifications. |
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333 |
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ISSN |
1365-2486 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8499 |
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Title |
The relativistic solar particle event on 28 October 2021: Evidence of particle acceleration within and escape from the solar corona |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Astronomy & Astrophysics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
663 |
Issue |
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Pages |
A173 |
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Abstract |
Aims. We analyse particle, radio, and X-ray observations during the first relativistic proton event of solar cycle 25 detected on Earth. The aim is to gain insight into the relationship between relativistic solar particles detected in space and the processes of acceleration and propagation in solar eruptive events.Methods. To this end, we used ground-based neutron monitor measurements of relativistic nucleons and space-borne measurements of electrons with similar speed to determine the arrival times of the first particles at 1 AU and to infer their solar release times. We compared the release times with the time histories of non-thermal electrons in the solar atmosphere and their escape to interplanetary space, as traced by radio spectra and X-ray light curves and images.Results. Non-thermal electrons in the corona are found to be accelerated in different regions. Some are confined in closed magnetic structures expanding during the course of the event. Three episodes of electron escape to the interplanetary space are revealed by groups of decametric-to-kilometric type III bursts. The first group appears on the low-frequency side of a type II burst produced by a coronal shock wave. The two latter groups are accompanied at higher frequencies by bursts with rapid drifts to both lower and higher frequencies (forward- or reverse-drifting bursts). They are produced by electron beams that propagate both sunward and anti-sunward. The first relativistic electrons and nucleons observed near Earth are released with the third group of type III bursts, more than ten minutes after the first signatures of non-thermal electrons and of the formation of the shock wave in the corona. Although the eruptive active region is near the central meridian, several tens of degrees east of the footpoint of the nominal Parker spiral to the Earth, the kilometric spectrum of the type III bursts and the in situ detection of Langmuir waves demonstrate a direct magnetic connection between the L1 Lagrange point and the field lines onto which the electron beams are released at the Sun.Conclusions. We interpret the forward- and reverse-drifting radio bursts as evidence of reconnection between the closed expanding magnetic structures of an erupting flux rope and ambient open magnetic field lines. We discuss the origin of relativistic particles near the Earth across two scenarios: (1) acceleration at the CME-driven shock as it intercepts interplanetary magnetic field lines rooted in the western solar hemisphere and (2) an alternative where the relativistic particles are initially confined in the erupting magnetic fields and get access to the open field lines to the Earth through these reconnection events. |
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Programme |
227 |
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ISSN |
0004-6361, 1432-0746 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8441 |
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Author |
Kenta Ohara, Yuji Yagi, Shinji Yamashita, Ryo Okuwaki, Shiro Hirano, Yukitoshi Fukahata |
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Title |
Complex evolution of the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake revealed by teleseismic body waves |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Progress in Earth and Planetary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
35 |
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Keywords |
Body waves Earthquake dynamics Earthquake source observation Waveform inversion |
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133 |
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ISSN |
2197-4284 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8531 |
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Author |
Kozue Shiomi, Katsufumi Sato, Charles A. Bost, Yves Handrich |
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Title |
Stay the course: maintenance of consistent orientation by commuting penguins both underwater and at the water surface |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Marine Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
170 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
42 |
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Keywords |
Bearing Compass Diving bird Navigation Orientation |
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394 |
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ISSN |
1432-1793 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8697 |
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