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Cynthia H. Whaley, Kathy S. Law, Jens Liengaard Hjorth, Henrik Skov, Stephen R. Arnold, Joakim Langner, Jakob Boyd Pernov, Garance Bergeron, Ilann Bourgeois, Jesper H. Christensen, Rong-You Chien, Makoto Deushi, Xinyi Dong, Peter Effertz, Gregory Faluvegi, Mark Flanner, Joshua S. Fu, Michael Gauss, Greg Huey, Ulas Im, Rigel Kivi, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Naga Oshima, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Jeff Peischl, David A. Plummer, Luca Pozzoli, Jean-Christophe Raut, Tom Ryerson, Ragnhild Skeie, Sverre Solberg, Manu A. Thomas, Chelsea Thompson, Kostas Tsigaridis, Svetlana Tsyro, Steven T. Turnock, Knut von Salzen, David W. Tarasick |
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Title |
Arctic tropospheric ozone: assessment of current knowledge and model performance |
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Journal |
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2023 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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23 |
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1 |
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637-661 |
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1215 |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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8507 |
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Title |
Long-range transport and deposition on the Arctic snowpack of nuclear contaminated particulate matter |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Hazardous Materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
452 |
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Pages |
131317 |
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Keywords |
Arctic Nuclear waste dispersion Rain-on-snow Svalbard Warm and humid events |
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Abstract |
The primary environmental concern related to nuclear power is the production of radioactive waste hazardous to humans and the environment. The main scientific and technological problems to address this are related to the storage and disposal of the nuclear waste and monitoring the dispersion of radioactive species into the environment. In this work, we determined an anomalously high 14C activity, well above the modern natural background, on surface and seasonal snow sampled in early May 2019 on glaciers in the Hornsund fjord area (Svalbard). Due to the lack of local sources, the high snow concentrations of 14C suggest long-range atmospheric transport of nuclear waste particles from lower latitudes, where nuclear power plants and treatment stations are located. The analysis of the synoptic and local meteorological data allowed us to associate the long-range transport of this anomalous 14C concentration to an intrusion event of a warm and humid air mass that likely brought pollutants from Central Europe to the Arctic in late April 2019. Elemental and organic carbon, trace element concentration data, and scanning electron microscopy morphological analysis were performed on the same snow samples to better constrain the transport process that might have led to the high 14C radionuclide concentrations in Svalbard. In particular, the highest 14C values found in the snowpack (> 200 percent of Modern Carbon, pMC) were associated with the lowest OC/EC ratios (< 4), an indication of an anthropogenic industrial source, and with the presence of spherical particles rich in iron, zirconium, and titanium which, altogether, suggest an origin related to nuclear waste reprocessing plants. This study highlights the role of long-range transport in exposing Arctic environments to human pollution. Given that the frequency and intensity of these atmospheric warming events are predicted to increase due to ongoing climate change, improving our knowledge of their possible impact to Arctic pollution is becoming urgent. |
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1192 |
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0304-3894 |
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8544 |
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Title |
Ecological impacts of climate change on Arctic marine megafauna |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
773-783 |
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Keywords |
biogeography citizen science global change long-term monitoring oceanography polar |
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Abstract |
Global warming affects the Arctic more than any other region. Mass media constantly relay apocalyptic visions of climate change threatening Arctic wildlife, especially emblematic megafauna such as polar bears, whales, and seabirds. Yet, we are just beginning to understand such ecological impacts on marine megafauna at the scale of the Arctic. This knowledge is geographically and taxonomically biased, with striking deficiencies in the Russian Arctic and strong focus on exploited species such as cod. Beyond a synthesis of scientific advances in the past 5 years, we provide ten key questions to be addressed by future work and outline the requested methodology. This framework builds upon long-term Arctic monitoring inclusive of local communities whilst capitalising on high-tech and big data approaches. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
0169-5347 |
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yes |
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8628 |
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Title |
Recruitment dynamics of Hiatella arctica within a high Arctic site (Young Sound Fjord, NE Greenland) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Polar biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1275-1286 |
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Keywords |
Arctic Bivalve recruitment Lipids classes Prodissoconch II |
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Abstract |
Recruitment dynamics including what determines the success or failure of Arctic benthic invertebrates are poorly known despite their important role for population dynamics. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential influence of extreme physical constraints related to freshwater discharge on the recruitment of a dominant bivalve Hiatella arctica within a High Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland). We collected young recruits over several sampling periods from 2016 to 2018 at two contrasting sites (inner vs. middle fjord) for 5-weeks to 12-months and measured their abundance, size at metamorphosis and lipid class composition. Young stages of H. arctica settled from June to the end of October, when trophic conditions are optimal. We hypothesize that growth stops during winter due to poor trophic conditions. Data suggest that abundance of recruits, their total lipid concentration and composition of lipid classes are similar at both sites. However, size classes were different with six separate cohorts detected at one station and one at the inner station, which may be attributed to discrete spawning events and possible secondary migration. Based on an assessment of their potential age, we hypothesize that spat batches recruiting earlier in the summer exhibit better growth performance probably related to better food quality and quantity. |
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1158 |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8664 |
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Author |
Desoubeaux G., Boulinier T., Jorry T., Bocquet C., Lemonnier C., Robin J-p., Bize P., Baron J., Chesnay A., Bailly E., Stier A., Viblanc V.A |
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Title |
Fungal contamination in the environment of penguin communities in the French Southern Territories |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2023 |
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119 |
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8729 |
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Author |
Diane Espel, Camille Coux, Luis R. Pertierra, Pauline Eymar-Dauphin, Jonas J. Lembrechts, David Renault |
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Title |
Functional Niche Partitioning Occurs over Body Size but Not Nutrient Reserves nor Melanism in a Polar Carabid Beetle along an Altitudinal Gradient |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Insects |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
123 |
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Keywords |
Amblystogenium pacificum Carabidae dimorphism French sub-Antarctic islands functional diversity melanism thermal tolerance |
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Abstract |
Phenotypic plasticity can favor the emergence of different morphotypes specialized in specific ranges of environmental conditions. The existence of intraspecific partitioning confers resilience at the species scale and can ultimately determine species survival in a context of global changes. Amblystogenium pacificum is a carabid beetle endemic to the sub-Antarctic Crozet Islands, and it has two distinctive morphotypes based on body coloration. For this study, A. pacificum specimens of functional niches were sampled along an altitudinal gradient (as a proxy for temperature), and some morphological and biochemical traits were measured. We used an FAMD multivariate analysis and linear mixed-effects models to test whether these traits were related to morphotype, altitude, and sexual dimorphism. We then calculated and compared the functional niches at different altitudes and tested for niche partitioning through a hypervolume approach. We found a positive hump-shaped correlation between altitude and body size as well as higher protein and sugar reserves in females than in males. Our functional hypervolume results suggest that the main driver of niche partitioning along the altitudinal gradient is body size rather than morphotype or sex, even though darker morphotypes tended to be more functionally constrained at higher altitudes and females showed limited trait variations at the highest altitude. |
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136 |
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2075-4450 |
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yes |
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8680 |
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Author |
Douce P., Saiz H., Benot M.-l., Mermillod-blondin F., Simon L., Renault D., Vallier F., Oury Y., Fontaine M., Bittebiere A.-k. |
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Functional characteristics rather than co-occurrences determine the outcome of interactions between neighbouring plants in sub-Antarctic ponds: Consequences for macrophyte community biomass |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Freshwater biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
561-576 |
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136 |
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yes |
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8677 |
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Author |
Efflam Sterenn |
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Title |
Capacités de récupération d’une mouche native des régions polaires, Anatalanta aptera, après une exposition à des pics de chaleur |
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Master 1 |
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Year |
2023 |
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Rapport de stage de master 1 imabee, univ rennes |
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136 |
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yes |
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8753 |
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Author |
Eleftherios Ioannidis, Kathy S. Law, Jean-Christophe Raut, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Rachel M. Kirpes, Lucia M. Upchurch, Thomas Tuch, Alfred Wiedensohler, Andreas Massling, Henrik Skov, Patricia K. Quinn, Kerri A. Pratt |
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Title |
Modelling wintertime sea-spray aerosols under Arctic haze conditions |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
5641-5678 |
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1215 |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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8504 |
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Title |
Climate Change Helps Polar Invasives Establish and Flourish: Evidence from Long-Term Monitoring of the Blowfly Calliphora vicina |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
111 |
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Abstract |
The isolated sub-Antarctic islands are of major ecological interest because of their unique species diversity and long history of limited human disturbance. However, since the presence of Europeans, these islands and their sensitive biota have been under increasing pressure due to human activity and associated biological invasions. In such delicate ecosystems, biological invasions are an exceptional threat that may be further amplified by climate change. We examined the invasion trajectory of the blowfly Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy 1830). First introduced in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands in the 1970s, it is thought to have persisted only in sheltered microclimates for several decades. Here, we show that, in recent decades, C. vicina has been able to establish itself more widely. We combine experimental thermal developmental data with long-term ecological and meteorological monitoring to address whether warming conditions help explain its current success and dynamics in the eastern Kerguelen Islands. We found that warming temperatures and accumulated degree days could explain the species' phenological and long-term invasion dynamics, indicating that climate change has likely assisted its establishment. This study represents a unique long-term view of a polar invader and stresses the rapidly increasing susceptibility of cold regions to invasion under climate change. |
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136 |
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2079-7737 |
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yes |
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8676 |
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