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Author |
Pauline Goulet, Yan Roper-Coudert, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Using on-animal sensors to study the Ocean and its inhabitants |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year  |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
Animal Distribution Bio-logger Bio-logging Drones & Cap' |
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Abstract |
Bio-logging is a methodological approach in which miniature data recording devices are temporarily attached to free-ranging animals to monitor their movement, behaviour and physiology, as well as the physical parameters of the environment directly surrounding the animals, turning them into bio-plateformes. Unsurprisingly bio-logging emerged from marine and polar studies where the monitoring of individuals in these harsh and remote places cannot be done using traditional approaches. Miniaturization and technological advances has meant that the range of species that can be instrumented, as well as the diversity of the questions that can be sought through bio-logging, are expanding fast. New sensors are constantly being developed, pushing further the limits of this field. Instrumented animals deliver information not only on their activities but also on the physical characteristics of the environments they go through. For instance, over the last two decades, loggers attached to deep diving seals have supplemented physical oceanographic measurements with hydrographic profiles from CTD loggers but also with new series of biological measurements. For examples, fluorescence and light sensors provided information on the concentration of phytoplankton in the euphotic layer; miniature echo sounders together with high sensitivity and fast responding light sensor to detect bioluminescence, brought considerable progress in detecting small size particles (>1-2 mm) such as marine snow, zooplankton, but also fish and squids and estimate their abundance. |
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1201 |
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yes |
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8739 |
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Author |
Pengcheng Wang, Natacha B. Bernier, Keith R. Thompson, Tsubasa Kodaira |
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Title |
Evaluation of a global total water level model in the presence of radiational S2 tide |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ocean Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
168 |
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Pages |
101893 |
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Keywords |
NEMO Radiational and gravitational tide Storm surge Tidal nudging Total water level |
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688 |
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ISSN |
1463-5003 |
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yes |
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8356 |
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Title |
Year-round distribution of Northeast Atlantic seabird populations: applications for population management and marine spatial planning |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
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Pages |
255-276 |
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Keywords |
Alle alle Fratercula arctica Fulmarus glacialis Marine spatial planning Rissa tridactyla SEATRACK Uria aalge Uria lomvia |
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Abstract |
Tracking data of marine predators are increasingly used in marine spatial management. We developed a spatial data set with estimates of the monthly distribution of 6 pelagic seabird species breeding in the Northeast Atlantic. The data set was based on year-round global location sensor (GLS) tracking data of 2356 adult seabirds from 2006-2019 from a network of seabird colonies, data describing the physical environment and data on seabird population sizes. Tracking and environmental data were combined in monthly species distribution models (SDMs). Cross-validations were used to assess the transferability of models between years and breeding locations. The analyses showed that birds from colonies close to each other (<500 km apart) used the same nonbreeding habitats, while birds from distant colonies (>1000 km) used colony-specific and, in many cases, non-overlapping habitats. Based on these results, the SDM from the nearest model colony was used to predict the distribution of all seabird colonies lying within a species-specific cut-off distance (400-500 km). Uncertainties in the predictions were estimated by cluster bootstrap sampling. The resulting data set consisted of 4692 map layers, each layer predicting the densities of birds from a given species, colony and month across the North Atlantic. This data set represents the annual distribution of 23.5 million adult pelagic seabirds, or 87% of the Northeast Atlantic breeding population of the study species. We show how the data set can be used in population and spatial management applications, including the detection of population-specific nonbreeding habitats and identifying populations influenced by marine protected areas. |
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330 |
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ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8425 |
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Author |
Peter S. Ungar, Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Alexandria S. Peterson, Aleksandr A. Sokolov, Natalia A. Sokolova, Dorothee Ehrich, Ivan A. Fufachev, Olivier Gilg, Alexandra Terekhina, Alexander Volkovitskiy, Viktor Shtro |
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Title |
Dental evidence for variation in diet over time and space in the Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
509-523 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Studies of the effects of variation in resource availability are important for understanding the ecology of high-latitude mammals. This paper examines the potential of dental evidence (tooth wear and breakage) as a proxy for diet and food choice in Vulpes lagopus, the Arctic fox. It presents a preliminary study of dental microwear, gross wear score, and tooth breakage in a sample (n?=?78 individuals) from the Yamal Peninsula of the Russian Arctic. While these measures have each been associated with feeding ecology in larger carnivorans (e.g., proportion of bone in the diet), they have yet to be combined in any study and have rarely been applied to smaller species or those from high latitudes. Arctic foxes from the north and south of the peninsula, and those from rodent peak and trough density periods, are compared to assess impact of changes in food availability across space and time. Results indicate that microwear textures vary in dispersion, with more variation in texture complexity, including higher values (suggesting more consumption of bone), in the rodent-poor period in the north of Yamal. Gross wear scores and tooth breakage are also significantly higher for the north of Yamal than the south. These data together suggest that dental evidence can provide important insights into variation in the feeding ecology of Arctic foxes and potentially into the impacts of changes in food abundance across space and time. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7982 |
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Author |
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Title |
Incisor microwear of Arctic rodents as a proxy for microhabitat preference |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Mammalian Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1033-1052 |
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Keywords |
Arctic Environment Habitats Narrow-headed vole Russia Siberian lemming Tooth wear Tundra Yamal Peninsula |
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Abstract |
Changing environmental conditions in the Arctic make it important to document and understand habitat preferences and flexibility of vulnerable high-latitude mammals. Indirect proxies are especially useful for elusive species, such as rodents. This study explores incisor microwear as an indicator of variation in behavior and microhabitat use in Siberian lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus) and narrow-headed voles (Lasiopodomys gregalis) from the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. Fifty-nine individuals were sampled at four sites along a latitudinal gradient from forest-tundra ecotone to high-Arctic tundra. Lemmings are present at the northernmost site, voles at the southernmost site, and both species at the middle two. Lemmus sibiricus prefers wet, mossy lowland, whereas La. gregalis favors drier thickets and more open microhabitats and burrows underground. Feature-based analyses indicate higher densities of features and more uniformly oriented striations for voles than lemmings at sites with both species. The species also differ significantly in microwear texture attributes suggesting larger features for lemmings, and smaller ones, but more of them, for voles. While no texture differences were found between sites within species, voles from sites with open tundra have higher striation densities than those from the forest-tundra ecotone. Furthermore, lemmings from open tundra sites have higher striation densities than those from the water-saturated, moss-covered northernmost site. While microhabitat preferences and burrowing by voles likely contribute to differences between species, variation within seems to reflect habitat variation given differences in abrasive loads between sites. This suggests that incisor microwear patterning can be used to track microhabitat differences among Arctic rodent populations. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
1618-1476 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8377 |
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Title |
Minute Sea-Level Analysis (MISELA): a high-frequency sea-level analysis global dataset |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Earth system science data |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
4121-4132 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
688 |
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ISSN |
1866-3508 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8392 |
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Author |
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Title |
Fine-scale spatial segregation in a pelagic seabird driven by differential use of tidewater glacier fronts |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22109 |
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Keywords |
Behavioural ecology Biogeography |
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Abstract |
In colonially breeding marine predators, individual movements and colonial segregation are influenced by seascape characteristics. Tidewater glacier fronts are important features of the Arctic seascape and are often described as foraging hotspots. Albeit their documented importance for wildlife, little is known about their structuring effect on Arctic predator movements and space use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tidewater glacier fronts can influence marine bird foraging patterns and drive spatial segregation among adjacent colonies. We analysed movements of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a glacial fjord by tracking breeding individuals from five colonies. Although breeding kittiwakes were observed to travel up to ca. 280 km from the colony, individuals were more likely to use glacier fronts located closer to their colony and rarely used glacier fronts located farther away than 18 km. Such variation in the use of glacier fronts created fine-scale spatial segregation among the four closest (ca. 7 km distance on average) kittiwake colonies. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that spatially predictable foraging patches like glacier fronts can have strong structuring effects on predator movements and can modulate the magnitude of intercolonial spatial segregation in central-place foragers. |
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Programme |
330 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8309 |
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Author |
Pierre-Yves Pascal, Yann Reynaud, Elie Poulin, Chantal De Ridder, Thomas Saucede |
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Title |
Feeding in spatangoids: the case of Abatus Cordatus in the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Ocean) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
795-808 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Irregular urchins exclusively live in marine soft bottom habitats, dwelling either upon or inside sediments and selectively picking up sediment grains and organic particles, or swallowing bulk sediment to feed on the associated organic matter. The exact food source and dietary requirements of most irregular echinoids, however, remain incompletely understood. The schizasterid species Abatus cordatus (Verrill, 1876) is a sub-Antarctic spatangoid that is endemic to the Kerguelen. The feeding behaviour of A. cordatus was investigated using simultaneously metabarcoding and stable isotope approaches. Comparison of ingested and surrounding sediments by metabarcoding revealed a limited selective ingestion of prokaryotes and eukaryotes by the urchin. Compared to surrounding sediments, the gut content had (i) higher carbon and nitrogen concentrations potentially due to selective ingestion of organic matter and/or the sea urchin mucus secretion and (ii) ?15N enrichment due to the selective assimilation of lighter isotope in the gut. Feeding experiments were performed using 13C and 15 N-enriched sediments in aquariums. The progression of stable isotope enrichment in proximal and distal parts of the digestive track of A. cordatus revealed that all particles are not similarly transported likely due to siphon functioning. Ingestion of water with associated dissolved and particulate organic matter should play an important role in urchin nutrition. A. cordatus had a gut resident time fluctuating between 76 and 101 h and an ingestion rate of 36 mg dry sediment h?1 suggesting that dense populations of the species may play a key ecological role through bioturbation in soft bottom shallow-water habitats of the Kerguelen Islands. |
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Programme |
1044 |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8000 |
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Author |
R. Olmi, M. Bittelli, G. Picard, L. Arnaud, A. Mialon, S. Priori |
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Title |
Investigating the influence of the grain size and distribution on the macroscopic dielectric properties of Antarctic firn |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Cold Regions Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
185 |
Issue |
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Pages |
103254 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Close?off Dielectric measurements Dielectric model Firn Full wave EM simulations Ice cores |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1110 |
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ISSN |
0165-232X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7995 |
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Author |
R. Sulzbach, H. Dobslaw, M. Thomas |
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Title |
High-Resolution Numerical Modeling of Barotropic Global Ocean Tides for Satellite Gravimetry |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e2020JC017097 |
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Keywords |
M2-tide minor tides pole-rotation self-attraction and loading tide-generating potential topographic wavedrag |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
688 |
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ISSN |
2169-9291 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8605 |
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