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Author Andrew W. Mann, Mackenna L. Wood, Stephen P. Schmidt, Madyson G. Barber, James E. Owen, Benjamin M. Tofflemire, Elisabeth R. Newton, Eric E. Mamajek, Jonathan L. Bush, Gregory N. Mace, Adam L. Kraus, Pa Chia Thao, Andrew Vanderburg, Joe Llama, Christopher M. Johns-Krull, L. Prato, Asa G. Stahl, Shih-Yun Tang, Matthew J. Fields, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Collins, Tianjun Gan, Eric L. N. Jensen, Jacob Kamler, Richard P. Schwarz, Elise Furlan, Crystal L. Gnilka, Steve B. Howell, Kathryn V. Lester, Dylan A. Owens, Olga Suarez, Djamel Mekarnia, Tristan Guillot, Lyu Abe, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Marshall C. Johnson, Reilly P. Milburn, Aaron C. Rizzuto, Samuel N. Quinn, Ronan Kerr, George R. Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Natalia M. Guerrero, Avi Shporer, Joshua E. Schlieder, Brian McLean, Bill Wohler
Title TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). VI. An 11 Myr Giant Planet Transiting a Very-low-mass Star in Lower Centaurus Crux Type Journal
Year (down) 2022 Publication The Astronomical Journal Abbreviated Journal
Volume 163 Issue 4 Pages 156
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Programme 1066
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1538-3881 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8312
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Author
Title Stable Isotope Trajectory Analysis (SITA): A new approach to quantify and visualize dynamics in stable isotope studies Type Journal
Year (down) 2022 Publication Ecological Monographs Abbreviated Journal
Volume 92 Issue 2 Pages e1501
Keywords changes composition dynamics food web functioning spatial stable isotope structure temporal trajectories
Abstract Ecologists working with stable isotopes have to deal with complex datasets including temporal and spatial replication, which makes the analysis and the representation of patterns of change challenging, especially at high resolution. Due to the lack of a commonly accepted conceptual framework in stable isotope ecology, the analysis and the graphical representation of stable isotope spatial and temporal dynamics of stable isotope value at the organism or community scale remained in the past often descriptive and qualitative, impeding the quantitative detection of relevant functional patterns. The recent community trajectory analysis (CTA) framework provides more explicit perspectives for the analysis and the visualization of ecological trajectories. Building on CTA, we developed the Stable Isotope Trajectory Analysis (SITA) framework, to analyze the geometric properties of stable isotope trajectories on n-dimensional (n ? 2) spaces of analysis defined analogously to the traditional multivariate spaces (?) used in community ecology. This approach provides new perspectives into the quantitative analysis of spatio-temporal trajectories in stable isotope spaces (??) and derived structural and functional dynamics (?? space). SITA allows the calculation of a set of trajectory metrics, based on either trajectory distances or directions, and new graphical representation solutions, both easily performable in an R environment. Here, we illustrate the use of our approach by reanalyzing previously published datasets from marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems. We highlight the insights provided by this new analytic framework at the individual, population, community, and ecosystems levels, and discuss applications, limitations, and development potential.
Programme 109
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1557-7015 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8401
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Author
Title Sub-millennial climate variability from high resolution water isotopes in the EDC ice core Type Journal
Year (down) 2022 Publication EGUsphere Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-22
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Abstract. The EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core provides the longest continuous climatic record covering the last 800 000 years (800 kyrs). Obtaining homogeneous high resolution measurements and accounting for diffusion provide a unique opportunity to study the evolution of decadal to millennial variability within the past glacial and interglacial periods. We present here a compilation of high resolution (11 cm) water isotopic records with 27 000 ?18O measurements and 7 920 ?D measurements (covering respectively 94 % and 27 % of the whole EDC record), including published and new measurements (2 900 for both ?18O and ?D) over the last 800 kyrs on the EDC ice core. We show that overlapping measurement series performed over multiple depth ranges over the past 20 years, using different analytical methods and in different laboratories, are consistent within analytical uncertainty, and therefore can be combined to provide a homogeneous data set. A frequency decomposition of the most complete ?18O record and a simple assessment of the possible influence of diffusion on the measured profile shows that the variability during glacial periods at multi-decadal to multi-centennial timescale is higher than variability of the interglacial periods. This analysis shows as well that during interglacial periods characterized by a temperature optimum at its beginning, the multi-centennial variability is the strongest over this temperature optimum.

Programme 1110
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8462
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Author Antoine Rocaboy
Title Soil microbial biomass and nutrient concentrations under the effect of vegetation cover, biological invasion and habitats of the Kerguelen Islands. Type Master 1
Year (down) 2022 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Programme 136
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8469
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Author Antoine, A.
Title Type Master 2
Year (down) 2022 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract The sea-ice zone constitutes the breeding and foraging habitat of large populations of ice-based species, pointing at its far-reaching ecological importance. Given its sensitivity to global warming, there is an urgent need for determining how predators use their environment, to understand and predict their response to climate variability. New perspectives are offered by miniature animal-borne sensors: in 2019, 3 sonar tags were deployed on lactating female Weddell seals for 7 days in Terre Adélie to study 3D animal movement and fine-scale predator-prey interactions. Lactating females demonstrated central-place foraging strategy, with restricted foraging area (3-6 km) and mostly benthic dives (97% of dives, visualising the seafloor on echograms). Their foraging effort was constrained by the presence of their pup: females spent most of their time hauling out (77% of overall recordings). The time spent underwater was mostly dedicated to diving (>5m) (1.36 on 7days, 854 dives recorded), as opposed to shallower under ice activities (<5m) (0.3 days). A total of 331 prey capture attempts (PrCA) were recorded, using tri-axial acceleration data, of which 125 prey (4.7 ± 1.5 cm on average) were identified by the sonar on 78 dives (4.24 ± 3.99 PrCA/dive). All PCA occur on the seafloor, at shallower depth than usual Weddell seal records (88 ± 30 m). Lactation is therefore a period of physiological stress, with foraging limited by pup compared with other parts of the life cycle. Using functional principal component analysis and model-based clustering on high resolution dive data, we found that PrCAs occur mostly in 2 of the 5 dive shape clusters. Foraging dives are characterised by W or V shape and high sinuosity, at the scale of the dive (W shapes) or during the ascent phase (V shapes). During the approach phase, seals constantly scan the area by regularly moving their head left to right, suggesting opportunistic behaviour. Shallow phase behaviour was studied using video recordings (2h recorded per seal). Seals spent most of their time interacting with their pup (33%) and
hauling-out (42%). Most mother-pup interactions were on sea-ice (71%), as opposed to underwater (29%). The results suggest lactating females’ energy budget changes, with lactation being a period of physiological stress. This period of feeding pressure might put them at higher risk regarding adaptation to environmental variability.
Programme 1182
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Call Number Serial 8747
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Author
Title Stage-dependent niche segregation: insights from a multi-dimensional approach of two sympatric sibling seabirds Type Journal
Year (down) 2022 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal
Volume 199 Issue 3 Pages 537-548
Keywords Diving petrel Foraging and diving behaviour Niche partitioning Pelecanoides Trophic niche
Abstract Niche theory predicts that to reduce competition for the same resource, sympatric ecologically similar species should exploit divergent niches and segregate in one or more dimensions. Seasonal variations in environmental conditions and energy requirements can influence the mechanisms and the degree of niche segregation. However, studies have overlooked the multi-dimensional aspect of niche segregation over the whole annual cycle, and key facets of species co-existence still remain ambiguous. The present study provides insights into the niche use and partitioning of two morphologically and ecologically similar seabirds, the common (CDP, Pelecanoides urinatrix) and the South Georgian diving petrel (SGDP, Pelecanoides georgicus). Using phenology, at-sea distribution, diving behavior and isotopic data (during the incubation, chick-rearing and non-breeding periods), we show that the degree of partitioning was highly stage-dependent. During the breeding season, the greater niche segregation during chick-rearing than incubation supported the hypothesis that resource partitioning increases during energetically demanding periods. During the post breeding period, while species-specific latitudinal differences were expected (species specific water mass preference), CDP and SGDP also migrated in divergent directions. This segregation in migration area may not be only a response to the selective pressure arising from competition avoidance between sympatric species, but instead, could reflect past evolutionary divergence. Such stage-dependent and context-dependent niche segregation demonstrates the importance of integrative approaches combining techniques from different fields, throughout the entire annual cycle, to better understand the co-existence of ecologically similar species. This is particularly relevant in order to fully understand the short and long-term effects of ongoing environmental changes on species distributions and communities.
Programme 109,394
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Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1432-1939 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8590
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Author
Title Type Journal
Year (down) 2022 Publication PLOS ONE Abbreviated Journal
Volume 17 Issue 8 Pages e0265849
Keywords Animal behavior Animal sociality Birds Equipment Feathers Legs Molting Penguins
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Programme 137
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 1932-6203 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8704
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Author
Title Juvenile emperor penguin range calls for extended conservation measures in the Southern Ocean Type Journal
Year (down) 2022 Publication Royal Society Open Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue 8 Pages 211708
Keywords conservation biology early life MPA network polar regions seabirds
Abstract To protect the unique and rich biodiversity of the Southern Ocean, conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented. Currently, the establishment of several additional protection zones is being considered based on the known habitat distributions of key species of the ecosystems including emperor penguins and other marine top predators. However, the distribution of such species at sea is often insufficiently sampled. Specifically, current distribution models focus on the habitat range of adult animals and neglect that immatures and juveniles can inhabit different areas. By tracking eight juvenile emperor penguins in the Weddell Sea over 1 year and performing a meta-analysis including previously known data from other colonies, we show that conservation efforts in the Southern Ocean are insufficient for protecting this highly mobile species, and particularly its juveniles. We find that juveniles spend approximately 90% of their time outside the boundaries of proposed and existing MPAs, and that their distribution extends beyond (greater than 1500 km) the species' extent of occurrence as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Our data exemplify that strategic conservation plans for the emperor penguin and other long-lived ecologically important species should consider the dynamic habitat range of all age classes.
Programme 137
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8703
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Author B. L. Woods, A. Walters, M. Hindell, A. T. Revill, I. Field, S. A. McCormack, Y. Cherel, R. Trebilco
Title Trophic structure of Southern Ocean squid: a cross-basin analysis of stable isotopes in archived beaks from predator stomachs Type Journal
Year (down) 2022 Publication Marine Ecology Progress Series Abbreviated Journal
Volume 685 Issue Pages 137-152
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Abstract Cephalopods are an important component of Southern Ocean food webs, but aspects of their trophic ecology remain unresolved. Here, we used archived squid (order Teuthida) beaks, collected from stomach contents of predators at Macquarie and Kerguelen Islands, to investigate the trophic structure within an assemblage of pelagic squids (Alluroteuthis antarcticus, Filippovia knipovitchi, Gonatus antarcticus, Histioteuthis eltaninae, Martialia hyadesi and Brachioteuthis linkovskyi). We combined bulk nitrogen stable isotopes (?15Nbulk) with compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA) to estimate the trophic position (TP) of species and to assess isotopic relationships with body size at the species, community, and ocean basin levels. We observed significantly higher mean ?15Nbulk values for species at the Kerguelen Islands compared to conspecifics at Macquarie Island. This result was explained by regional variability in ?15N values of phenylalanine (?15NPhe), suggesting that predator species were accessing different isotopic baselines at each region. This may highlight the different foraging strategies of both species. The overlap in species TP estimates from CSIA-AA (TPCSIA) between the 2 communities (Macquarie Island TPCSIA min: 2.3, max: 5.3; Kerguelen Islands TPCSIA min: 2.7, max: 5.3) indicated a similar trophic structure at both locations. We note unrealistically low TPCSIA for some species, which we attribute to uncertainty of trophic discrimination factors. TP estimates suggested that squid encompass 3 trophic levels from mid-trophic levels to higher predators. We did not find strong or consistent relationships between TP and body size at either the species- or community-level. One of the largest squid species, M. hyadesi, occupied the lowest TP in both communities. These new insights into the trophic structure of the Southern Ocean squid community have important implications for the future representation of pelagic squids in ecosystem models.
Programme 109
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ISSN 0171-8630, 1616-1599 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8446
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Author
Title What is the menu today in a subantarctic kelp food web from the Kerguelen Islands? Phytodetritus, phytoplankton and phytobenthos; not living kelp Type Journal
Year (down) 2022 Publication Marine Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 169 Issue 9 Pages 118
Keywords Benthic communities Food web Kelp forests Mixing models Stable isotopes
Abstract Kelp forests dominated by Macrocystis pyrifera are widely distributed in coastal waters from boreal, temperate and subantarctic regions. This widespread distribution may result in regional differences in food web structure and functioning. In temperate northern regions, where most studies on kelp forest benthic food webs have been conducted, kelp grazing is a well-documented phenomenon and can lead to the overgrazing of M. pyrifera by sea urchins when their predators (e.g., sea otters) are absent. In contrast, little is known about their counterparts in subantarctic areas. The present study aimed to reconstruct the benthic food web of a kelp forest dominated by M. pyrifera in a subantarctic environment using stable isotope analysis. Stable carbon (?13C), nitrogen (?15N) and sulfur (?34S) isotope ratios were measured from food sources (macrophytobenthos, suspended particulate organic matter SPOM, and sediment) and consumers (sponges, bivalves, gastropods, sedentary and mobile polychaetes, arthropods and echinoderms) which were sampled in a kelp forest of the Kerguelen archipelago. Mixing models highlighted two interconnected trophic pathways which were either supported by SPOM and resuspended macrophytobenthos detritus (bentho-pelagic), or by live micro/macrophytobenthos (phytobenthos-based). No major prey were highlighted for several consumers, indicating the existence of potential supplementary trophic pathways. No consumer relying primarily on living M. pyrifera was highlighted by the mixing models. The investigated kelp forest is hence a complex ecosystem supporting multiple trophic pathways, and direct consumption of M. pyrifera is limited. Nonetheless, M. pyrifera and other macrophytobenthos species may constitute a pool of detritus supporting several trophic pathways.
Programme 1044
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 1432-1793 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8474
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