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Stier A., Viblanc V., Kauffmann M., Pardonnet S., Gineste B., Robin Jp. & Bize P. |
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Title |
‘Ticks in paradise’ : effets de l’éradication des ectoparasites chez le manchot royal durant la reproduction à terre |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2023 |
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19émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 03-05 mai 2023, paris france |
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Communication n°476 |
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Les milieux polaires et subpolaires ne sont pas dépourvus de parasites. Chez les manchots royaux, les ectoparasites tels que les tiques (Ixodes uriae) sont suspectés d’avoir des effets marqués sur la santé et le succès reproducteur des adultes. En utilisant un traitement expérimental réduisant drastiquement l’abondance d’ectoparasites chez des adultes reproducteurs, nous avons pu démontrer que l’infestation par les ectoparasites induit une augmentation du stress physiologique caractérisé par des taux élevés de corticostérone (glucocorticoïde) et une situation de stress oxydant. Bien que l’éradication des ectoparasites n’ait pas d’influence notable sur le succès d’éclosion des œufs ou la survie des poussins durant l’élevage, le traitement améliore visiblement la croissance des poussins jusqu’à l’émancipation, avec des effets positifs probables sur leur survie future. Il semble donc que les ectoparasites exercent une pression de sélection naturelle non-négligeable chez le manchot royal. |
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yes |
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8666 |
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Tafflet A, Nicolas J., Boy JP., Lemoine JM., Peronzans F., Durand F., Gourillon L., Baltzer A., Verdun J. |
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Title |
Ice melting impact on crustal deformation observed by space geodesy in Svalbard |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2023 |
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4th Svalbard Science Conference 2023, 31 October-1 November 2023, Scandic Fornebu, Oslo |
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1223 |
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8733 |
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Taiki Adachi, Philip Lovell, James Turnbull, Mike A. Fedak, Baptiste Picard, Christophe Guinet, Martin Biuw, Theresa R. Keates, Rachel R. Holser, Daniel P. Costa, Daniel E. Crocker, Patrick J. O. Miller |
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Title |
Body condition changes at sea: Onboard calculation and telemetry of body density in diving animals |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1457-1474 |
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Keywords |
animal health bio-logging body density buoyancy marine mammal real-time monitoring satellite transmission |
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The ability of marine mammals to accumulate sufficient lipid energy reserves is vital for mammals' survival and successful reproduction. However, long-term monitoring of at-sea changes in body condition, specifically lipid stores, has only been possible in elephant seals performing prolonged drift dives (low-density lipids alter the rates of depth change while drifting). This approach has limited applicability to other species. Using hydrodynamic performance analysis during transit glides, we developed and validated a novel satellite-linked data logger that calculates real-time changes in body density (∝lipid stores). As gliding is ubiquitous amongst divers, the system can assess body condition in a broad array of diving animals. The tag processes high sampling rate depth and three-axis acceleration data to identify 5 s high pitch angle glide segments at depths >100 m. Body density is estimated for each glide using gliding speed and pitch to quantify drag versus buoyancy forces acting on the gliding animal. We used tag data from 24 elephant seals (Mirounga spp.) to validate the onboard calculation of body density relative to drift rate. The new tags relayed body density estimates over 200 days and documented lipid store accumulation during migration with good correspondence between changes in body density and drift rate. Our study provided updated drag coefficient values for gliding (Cd,f = 0.03) and drifting (Cd,s = 0.12) elephant seals, both substantially lower than previous estimates. We also demonstrated post-hoc estimation of the gliding drag coefficient and body density using transmitted data, which is especially useful when drag parameters cannot be estimated with sufficient accuracy before tag deployment. Our method has the potential to advance the field of marine biology by switching the research paradigm from indirectly inferring animal body condition from foraging effort to directly measuring changes in body condition relative to foraging effort, habitat, ecological factors and anthropogenic stressors in the changing oceans. Expanding the method to account for diving air volumes will expand the system's applicability to shallower-diving (<100 m) species, facilitating real-time monitoring of body condition in a broad range of breath-hold divers. |
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109, 1201 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2041-210X |
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yes |
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Serial |
8620 |
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Author |
Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Avian influenza spread and seabird movements between colonies |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
391-395 |
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Keywords |
colonial breeding foraging HPAI H5N1 migration movement ecology prospecting spatial disease dynamics |
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333,1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0169-5347 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8502 |
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Author |
Tifenn Le Bris, Guilhem Barruol, Emmanuel Le Meur, Florent Gimbert, Dimitri Zigone |
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Title |
Monitoring the cryoseismic activity of the Astrolabe glacier, Terre Adélie, Antarctica |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Copernicus meetings |
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Volume |
EGU23-7489 |
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Abstract |
In coastal Antarctica, outlet glaciers exhibit complex dynamics materialized by intense internal deformation, enhanced basal sliding and strong thermo-mechanical interactions with the ocean. Here we aim to use seismic observations to unravel these various processes and their link with glacier and ocean dynamics. As part of the SEIS-ADELICE project (2020-2024) supported by the French Polar Institute IPEV, in January 2022 we deployed four permanent and six temporary (1 month long) broadband seismic stations on and around the Astrolabe Glacier (Terre Adélie, East Antarctica), as well as four ocean-bottom seismometers at sea near the terminus of the floating tongue. In January 2023 we will be supplementing this setup by a temporary network of 50 seismic nodes above the grounding line of the glacier.
Preliminary detection and classification of seismic events reveals a wide variety of cryo-seismic signals. The most pervasive events correspond to icequakes, are located close to the surface, and exhibit clear tidal modulation. We interpret these events as being generated by the brittle fracturing of ice associated with crevasse opening. We also observe numerous short and similar repetitive events of much lower amplitude that are located at few restricted locations near the ice-bedrock interface. These events are likely produced by basal stick-slip over punctual bedrock asperities. Finally, we observe glacial tremors which could result from hydraulic sources at the ice-bedrock interface, although further analysis is required to confirm this hypothesis.
This preliminary work provides useful grounds for deeper analysis to be done in the future on source characteristics and their more quantitative links with glacier dynamics. |
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411 |
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EGU23-7489 |
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yes |
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8545 |
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Author |
Timothée Zidat, Marianne Gabirot, Francesco Bonadonna, Carsten T. Müller |
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Title |
Homing and Nest Recognition in Nocturnal Blue Petrels: What Scent May Attract Birds to their Burrows? |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Chemical Ecology |
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Homing Behavior Nest Air Odor Olfaction Orientation Procellariform Seabirds TD-GC-TOF-MS |
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Abstract |
Hypogean petrels return to the same nest burrow to breed on remote islands during the summer months. Their nocturnal behavior at the colony, strong musky odor and olfactory anatomy suggest an important role of olfaction in homing behavior and nest recognition. Behavioral experiments showed that olfactory cues are sufficient to allow nest identification, suggesting a stabile chemical signature emanating from burrows and facilitating nest recognition. However, the chemical nature and sources of this odor remain unknown. To better understand the nest odor composition, we analyzed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of nests of blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea) derived from three different odor sources: nest air, nest material and feather samples. We also compared, during two successive years, VOCs from burrows with an incubating breeder on the nest, and burrows used during the breeding season by blue petrels but shortly temporally unoccupied by breeders. We found that the nest air odor was mainly formed by the owners’ odor, which provided an individual chemical label for nests that appeared stabile over the breeding season. These findings, together with the previous homing behavioral studies showing an essential role of the sense of smell in blue petrels, strongly suggest that the scent emanating from burrows of blue petrels provides the information that facilitates nest recognition and homing. |
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354 |
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1573-1561 |
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yes |
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8630 |
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Author |
Tracey L. Hammer, Pierre Bize, Benoit Gineste, Jean-Patrice Robin, René Groscolas, Vincent A. Viblanc |
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Title |
Disentangling the “many-eyes”, “dilution effect”, “selfish herd”, and “distracted prey” hypotheses in shaping alert and flight initiation distance in a colonial seabird |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
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210 |
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104919 |
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Antipredator behaviour Escape flight distance Optimal escape decisions Predation risk Predator-prey decision Risk taking |
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Abstract |
Group living is thought to have important antipredator benefits for animals, owing to the mechanisms of shared vigilance (“many-eyes” hypothesis), risk dilution (“dilution effect” hypothesis), and relative safety in the center of the group (“selfish herd” hypothesis). However, it can also incur costs since social stimuli, such as conspecific aggression, may distract individuals from anti-predator behavior (“distracted prey” hypothesis). We simultaneously evaluated how these four different hypotheses shape anti-predator behaviors of breeding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), which aggregate into large colonies, experience frequent aggressive social interactions, and are regularly exposed to predation by giant petrels (Macronectes sp.) and brown skuas (Catharacta loonbergi) when breeding on land. We approached 200 incubating penguins at four different periods of the breeding season across a range of overall increasing colony densities. We measured the distance at which focal birds detected the approaching threat (alert distance: AD), whether birds decided to flee or not, and the distance of flight initiation (flight initiation distance: FID, viz. the bird attempting to walk away with its egg on its feet). We quantified relative local neighbor density, centrality within the colony (rank), and the number of aggressions the focal bird emitted towards neighbors during the approach. We found that birds engaged in aggressive conflicts with neighbors were less likely to flee, and that increasing relative local neighbor density at low and medium overall colony density resulted in a decrease in bird AD, both supporting the “distracted prey” hypothesis. However, at maximal overall colony density, increasing relative local neighbor density resulted in longer AD, supporting the “many-eyes” hypothesis. We found no support for the “dilution effect” and “selfish herd” hypotheses, and no effects of any hypothesis on FID. |
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119 |
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0376-6357 |
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yes |
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8678 |
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Trifon Trifonov, Rafael Brahm, Andrés Jordán, Christian Hartogh, Thomas Henning, Melissa J. Hobson, Martin Schlecker, Saburo Howard, Finja Reichardt, Nestor Espinoza, Man Hoi Lee, David Nesvorny, Felipe I. Rojas, Khalid Barkaoui, Diana Kossakowski, Gavin Boyle, Stefan Dreizler, Martin Kürster, René Heller, Tristan Guillot, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Lyu Abe, Abdelkrim Agabi, Philippe Bendjoya, Nicolas Crouzet, Georgina Dransfield, Thomas Gasparetto, Maximilian N. Günther, Wenceslas Marie-Sainte, Djamel Mékarnia, Olga Suarez, Johanna Teske, R. Paul Butler, Jeffrey D. Crane, Stephen Shectman, George R. Ricker, Avi Shporer, Roland Vanderspek, Jon M. Jenkins, Bill Wohler, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Collins, David R. Ciardi, Thomas Barclay, Ismael Mireles, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn |
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Title |
TOI-2525 b and c: A Pair of Massive Warm Giant Planets with Strong Transit Timing Variations Revealed by TESS* |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
The Astronomical Journal |
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Volume |
165 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
179 |
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Abstract |
The K-type star TOI-2525 has an estimated mass of M = M ⊙ and radius of R = R ⊙ observed by the TESS mission in 22 sectors (within sectors 1 and 39). The TESS light curves yield significant transit events of two companions, which show strong transit timing variations (TTVs) with a semiamplitude of ∼6 hr. We performed TTV dynamical and photodynamical light-curve analysis of the TESS data combined with radial velocity measurements from FEROS and PFS, and we confirmed the planetary nature of these companions. The TOI-2525 system consists of a transiting pair of planets comparable to Neptune and Jupiter with estimated dynamical masses of m b = and m c = M Jup, radii of r b = and r c = R Jup, and orbital periods of P b = and P c = days for the inner and outer planet, respectively. The period ratio is close to the 2:1 period commensurability, but the dynamical simulations of the system suggest that it is outside the mean-motion resonance (MMR) dynamical configuration. Object TOI-2525 b is among the lowest-density Neptune-mass planets known to date, with an estimated median density of ρ b = g cm−3. The TOI-2525 system is very similar to the other K dwarf systems discovered by TESS, TOI-2202 and TOI-216, which are composed of almost identical K dwarf primaries and two warm giant planets near the 2:1 MMR. |
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1066 |
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1538-3881 |
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yes |
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8646 |
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Author |
Vaissière Marie |
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Title |
Invasions biologiques : de quelle manière les phénomènes de tris spatiaux modulent-ils la diversité fonctionnelle des individus le long d’un gradient d’invasion ? |
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Master 1 |
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Year |
2023 |
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Rapport de stage de master 1 imabee, univ rennes |
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136 |
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8755 |
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William Jouanneau, Don-Jean Léandri-Breton, Dorte Herzke, Børge Moe, Vladimir A. Nikiforov, Marie Pallud, Charline Parenteau, Geir W. Gabrielsen, Olivier Chastel |
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Does contaminant exposure disrupt maternal hormones deposition? A study on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an Arctic seabird |
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2023 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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868 |
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161413 |
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Keywords |
Black-legged kittiwake Corticosterone Maternal effect PFAS Testosterone Thyroid hormones |
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Maternal effects are thought to be essential tools for females to modulate offspring development. The selective deposition of avian maternal hormones could therefore allow females to strategically adjust the phenotype of their offspring to the environmental situation encountered. However, at the time of egg formation, several contaminants are also transferred to the egg, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) which are ubiquitous organic contaminants with endocrine disrupting properties. It is, however, unknown if they can disrupt maternal hormone deposition. In this study we explored relationships between female PFAS burden and maternal deposition in the eggs of steroids (dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione and testosterone), glucocorticoids (corticosterone) and thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) in a population of the Arctic-breeding black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). Egg yolk hormone levels were unrelated to female hormone plasma levels. Second-laid eggs had significantly lower concentrations of androstenedione than first-laid eggs. Triiodothyronine yolk levels were decreasing with increasing egg mass but increasing with increasing females' body condition. Testosterone was the only transferred yolk hormone correlated to maternal PFAS burden: specifically, we found a positive correlation between testosterone in yolks and circulating maternal perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDcA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) in first-laid eggs. This correlative study provides a first insight into the potential of some long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids to disrupt maternal hormones deposition in eggs and raises the question about the consequences of increased testosterone deposition on the developing embryo. |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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8534 |
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