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. (2023). The effect of environmental pollution on gene expression of seabirds: A review (Vol. 189).
Abstract: One of the biggest challenges for ecotoxicologists is to detect harmful effects of contaminants on individual organisms before they have caused significant harm to natural populations. One possible approach for discovering sub-lethal, negative health effects of pollutants is to study gene expression, to identify metabolic pathways and physiological processes affected by contaminants. Seabirds are essential components of ecosystems but highly threatened by environmental changes. Being at the top of the food chain and exhibiting a slow pace of life, they are highly exposed to contaminants and to their ultimate impacts on populations. Here we provide an overview of the currently available seabird-related gene expression studies in the context of environmental pollution. We show that studies conducted, so far, mainly focus on a small selection of xenobiotic metabolism genes, often using lethal sampling protocols, while the greater promise of gene expression studies for wild species may lie in non-invasive procedures focusing on a wider range of physiological processes. However, as whole genome approaches might still be too expensive for large-scale assessments, we also bring out the most promising candidate biomarker genes for future studies. Based on the biased geographical representativeness of the current literature, we suggest expanding studies to temperate and tropical latitudes and urban environments. Also, as links with fitness traits are very rare in the current literature, but would be highly relevant for regulatory purposes, we point to an urgent need for establishing long-term monitoring programs in seabirds that would link pollutant exposure and gene expression to fitness traits.
Keywords: Biotransformation Long-lived animals Marine pollution Metabolic pathways Model species Oxidative stress Seabirds
Programme: 388
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. (2023). Chapter 2 – Conservation status and overview of threats to seabirds.
Abstract: Seabirds are among the most threatened of all vertebrate groups. Here we review their conservation status and key aspects of the main threats and some emerging threats. Bycatch in fisheries and overfishing are pervasive, but potentially soluble with improved governance. Invasive alien species at breeding sites remain a major threat despite notable recent successes in eradication campaigns. Changing climatic conditions continue to have multiple, increasing, direct and indirect effects on seabirds. The full impacts of disease and chemical pollution are less clear because effects may be sublethal. Impacts of other anthropogenic processes that currently concern relatively few species are probably increasing. As seabird populations are affected by multiple threats that may be additive or synergistic, addressing population declines will often require a suite of management measures and potentially compensatory mitigation for climate change.
Programme: 388
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. (2023). Pre-assessments of plant conservation status in islands: the case of French Overseas Territories (Vol. 32).
Keywords: Endemics French overseas territories Islands Pre-assessments Red List Tracheophytes
Programme: 136
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. (2023). Plant consumer innovation in skuas (Vol. 164). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Keywords: Animal innovation Consumer innovation Field observation Novel food Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi
Programme: 109,354
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Sara Arioli, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Vincent Favier. (2023). Dynamics of the snow grain size in a windy coastal area of Antarctica from continuous in situ spectral-albedo measurements (Vol. 17).
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. (2023). Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources.
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Sarah Leclaire. (2023).
Abstract: Sperm quality determines offspring fitness. However, investment into sperm being costly, it depends on the health or condition of males. According to the differential allocation hypothesis, males should decrease their investment into sperm when mated with a low-quality female. In this study, we show that, in the black-legged kittiwake, a monogamous seabird, sperm quality affects chick performance and that good-quality males produce a sperm of good quality. In addition, males mated with more genetically compatible females produce better quality sperm. This study suggests that the effects of sperm quality on offspring fitness may act as a natural selective pressure on males' differential allocation strategies.
Keywords: Black-legged kittiwake Differential Allocation ejaculate Fitness Major Histocompatibility Complex
Programme: 1162
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. (2023). Microbiota composition and diversity of multiple body sites vary according to reproductive performance in a seabird (Vol. 32).
Keywords: bacteria black-legged kittiwake feathers fitness individual quality microbiota reproductive success
Programme: 1162
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Sophia Ferchiou, France Caza, Richard Villemur, Jacques Labonne, Yves St-Pierre. (2023). Skin and Blood Microbial Signatures of Sedentary and Migratory Trout (Salmo trutta) of the Kerguelen Islands (Vol. 8).
Abstract: Our understanding of how microbiome signatures are modulated in wild fish populations remains poorly developed and has, until now, mostly been inferred from studies in commercial and farmed fish populations. Here, for the first time, we have studied changes in the skin and blood microbiomes of the Salmo trutta population of the volcanic Kerguelen archipelago located at the northern limit of the Antarctic Ocean. The Kerguelen Islands present a natural framework of population expansion and reveal a likely situation representing further climate change in distribution areas. Our results showed that S. trutta of the Kerguelen Islands has a microbiome signature distinct from those of salmonids of the Northern Hemisphere. Our study also revealed that the skin and blood microbiomes differ between sedentary and migratory S. trutta. While 18 phyla were shared between both groups of trout, independent of the compartment, 6 phyla were unique to migratory trout. Further analyses showed that microbiome signatures undergo significant site-specific variations that correlate, in some cases, with the peculiarity of specific ecosystems. Our study also revealed the presence of potential pathogens at particular sites and the impact of abiotic factors on the microbiome, most notably due to the volcanic nature of the environment. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that modulate the microbiome signatures of migratory and sedentary fish populations. It will also help to better monitor the impacts of climate change on the colonization process in the sub-Antarctic region.
Keywords: Salmo trutta 16S rRNA blood microbiome fish Kerguelen Islands migration skin microbiome
Programme: 1041
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Sophie Musset, Karl-Ludwig Klein, Nicolas Fuller, Gaelle Khreich, Antonin Wargnier. (2023). The time profile of relativistic solar particle events as observed by neutron monitors (Vol. 13).
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