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Steffensen, J.P.; Andersen, K.K.; Bigler, M.; Clausen, H.B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Fischer, H.; Goto-Azuma, K.; Hansson, M.; Johnsen, S.J.; Jouzel, J.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Popp, T.; Rasmussen, S.O.; Rothlisberger, R.; Ruth, U.; Stauffer, B.; Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L.; Sveinbjornsdottir, A.E.; Svensson, A.; White, J.W.C. (2008). High-Resolution Greenland Ice Core Data Show Abrupt Climate Change Happens in Few Years. Science, 321(5889), 680–684.
Abstract: The last two abrupt warmings at the onset of our present warm interglacial period, interrupted by the Younger Dryas cooling event, were investigated at high temporal resolution from the North Greenland Ice Core Project ice core. The deuterium excess, a proxy of Greenland precipitation moisture source, switched mode within 1 to 3 years over these transitions and initiated a more gradual change (over 50 years) of the Greenland air temperature, as recorded by stable water isotopes. The onsets of both abrupt Greenland warmings were slightly preceded by decreasing Greenland dust deposition, reflecting the wetting of Asian deserts. A northern shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone could be the trigger of these abrupt shifts of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, resulting in changes of 2 to 4 kelvin in Greenland moisture source temperature from one year to the next.
Programme: 458
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Stephens B.B., K. Gurney, P. Tans, C. Sweeney, P. Wouter, L. Bruhwiler, P.Ciais, M.Ramonet, P. Bousquet, T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki, T. Machida, G. Inoue, N. Vinnichenko, J. Lloyd, A. Jordan, O. Shibistova, R. Langenfelds, P. Steele, R. Francey, and S. Denning. (2007). The vertical distribution of atmospheric CO2 defines the latitudinal partitioning of global carbon fluxes. Science, 316, 1732–1735.
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Stephens, B.B.; Gurney, K.R.; Tans, P.P.; Sweeney, C.; Peters, W.; Bruhwiler, L.; Ciais, P.; Ramonet, M.; Bousquet, P.; Nakazawa, T.; Aoki, S.; Machida, T.; Inoue, G.; Vinnichenko, N.; Lloyd, J.; Jordan, A.; Heimann, M.; Shibistova, O.; Langenfelds, R.L.; Steele, L.P.; Francey, R.J.; Denning, A.S. (2007). Weak Northern and Strong Tropical Land Carbon Uptake from Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric CO2. Science, 316(5832), 1732–1735.
Abstract: Measurements of midday vertical atmospheric CO2 distributions reveal annual-mean vertical CO2 gradients that are inconsistent with atmospheric models that estimate a large transfer of terrestrial carbon from tropical to northern latitudes. The three models that most closely reproduce the observed annual-mean vertical CO2 gradients estimate weaker northern uptake of -1.5 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year-1) and weaker tropical emission of +0.1 Pg C year-1 compared with previous consensus estimates of -2.4 and +1.8 Pg C year-1, respectively. This suggests that northern terrestrial uptake of industrial CO2 emissions plays a smaller role than previously thought and that, after subtracting land-use emissions, tropical ecosystems may currently be strong sinks for CO2.
Programme: 416
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Le Quere, C.; Rodenbeck, C.; Buitenhuis, E.T.; Conway, T.J.; Langenfelds, R.; Gomez, A.; Labuschagne, C.; Ramonet, M.; Nakazawa, T.; Metzl, N.; Gillett, N.; Heimann, M. (2007). Saturation of the Southern Ocean CO2 Sink Due to Recent Climate Change. Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Based on observed atmospheric CO2 concentration and an inverse method, we estimate that the Southern Ocean sink of CO2 has weakened between 1981 and 2004 by 0.08 PgC/y per decade relative to the trend expected from the large increase in atmospheric CO2. This weakening is attributed to the observed increase in Southern Ocean winds resulting from human activities and projected to continue in the future. Consequences include a reduction in the efficiency of the Southern Ocean sink of CO2 in the short term (~25 years) and possibly a higher level of stabilization of atmospheric CO2 on a multicentury time scale.
Programme: 416;439
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Baroni, M.; Thiemens, M.H.; Delmas, R.J.; Savarino, J. (2007). Mass-Independent Sulfur Isotopic Compositions in Stratospheric Volcanic Eruptions. Science, 315(5808), 84–87.
Abstract: The observed mass-independent sulfur isotopic composition ({Delta}33S) of volcanic sulfate from the Agung (March 1963) and Pinatubo (June 1991) eruptions recorded in the Antarctic snow provides a mechanism for documenting stratospheric events. The sign of {Delta}33S changes over time from an initial positive component to a negative value. {Delta}33S is created during photochemical oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid on a monthly time scale, which indicates a fast process. The reproducibility of the results reveals that {Delta}33S is a reliable tracer to chemically identify atmospheric processes involved during stratospheric volcanism.
Programme: 457;1011
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Oerlemans J, Dahl-Jensen D, Masson-Delmotte V. (2006). Ice sheets and sea level. Science, 313, 1043–1044.
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Bearhop S., Philipps R.A., McGILL R., Cherel Y., Dawson D.A. & Croxall J.P. (2006). Stable isotopes indicate sex-specific and long-term individual foraging specialisation in diving seabirds. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 311, 157–164.
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Maurette M., Immel G., Hammer C., Harvey R., Kurat G. & Taylor S. (1994). Collection and curation of IDPs from Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Analysis of Interplanetary Dust Particles, AIP Conf. Proc., 310, 277–290.
Abstract: Collection and Curation of IDPs from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets
Maurette, M.; Immel, G.; Hammer, C.; Harvey, R.; Kurat, G.; Taylor, S.
Analysis of Interplanetary Dust, Proceedings of the NASA / LPI Workshop held in Houston, TX, May 1993. New York: American Institute of Physics Press. Edited by E. Zolensky, T. L. Wilson, F. J. M. Rietmeijer, and G. J. Flynn. AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 310, 1994, p.277
Programme: 226
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Siegenthaler U., Stocker T., Monnin E., Luthi D., Schwander J., Stauffer B., Raynaud D., Barnola J.M., Fischer H., Masson-Delmotte V. & Jouzel J. (2005). Stable Carbon Cycle-Climate Relationship During the Late Pleistocene. Science, 310, 1313–1316.
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Brook E. (2005). Tiny Bubbles Tell All. Science, 310, 1285–1287.
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