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Is the southern crab Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius, 1775) the next invader of Antarctica? |
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2021 |
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Global Change Biology |
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27 |
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15 |
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3487-3504 |
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climate change establishment niche modelling non-native species reptant crab Southern Ocean survival thermotolerance |
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1044 |
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1365-2486 |
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8005 |
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Ground-based validation of the Copernicus Sentinel-5P TROPOMI NO2 measurements with the NDACC ZSL-DOAS, MAX-DOAS and Pandonia global networks |
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2021 |
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Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
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14 |
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1 |
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481-510 |
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This Paper Reports On Consolidated Ground-based Validation Results Of The Atmospheric No2 Data Produced Operationally Since April 2018 By The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (Tropomi) On Board Of The Esa/eu Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5p) Satellite. Tropospheric, Stratospheric, And Total No2 Column Data From S5p Are Compared To Correlative Measurements Collected From, Respectively, 19 Multi-axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (Max-doas), 26 Network For The Detection Of Atmospheric Composition Change (Ndacc) Zenith-scattered-light Doas (Zsl-doas), And 25 Pandonia Global Network (Pgn)/pandora Instruments Distributed Globally. The Validation Methodology Gives Special Care To Minimizing Mismatch Errors Due To Imperfect Spatio-temporal Co-location Of The Satellite And Correlative Data, E.g. By Using Tailored Observation Operators To Account For Differences In Smoothing And In Sampling Of Atmospheric Structures And Variability And Photochemical Modelling To Reduce Diurnal Cycle Effects. Compared To The Ground-based Measurements, S5p Data Show, On Average, (I) A Negative Bias For The Tropospheric Column Data, Of Typically ?23 % To ?37 % In Clean To Slightly Polluted Conditions But Reaching Values As High As ?51 % Over Highly Polluted Areas; (Ii) A Slight Negative Median Difference For The Stratospheric Column Data, Of About ?0.2 Pmolec Cm?2, I.e. Approx. ?2 % In Summer To ?15 % In Winter; And (Iii) A Bias Ranging From Zero To ?50 % For The Total Column Data, Found To Depend On The Amplitude Of The Total No2 Column, With Small To Slightly Positive Bias Values For Columns Below 6 Pmolec Cm?2 And Negative Values Above. The Dispersion Between S5p And Correlative Measurements Contains Mostly Random Components, Which Remain Within Mission Requirements For The Stratospheric Column Data (0.5 Pmolec Cm?2) But Exceed Those For The Tropospheric Column Data (0.7 Pmolec Cm?2). While A Part Of The Biases And Dispersion May Be Due To Representativeness Differences Such As Different Area Averaging And Measurement Times, It Is Known That Errors In The S5p Tropospheric Columns Exist Due To Shortcomings In The (Horizontally Coarse) A Priori Profile Representation In The Tm5-mp Chemical Transport Model Used In The S5p Retrieval And, To A Lesser Extent, To The Treatment Of Cloud Effects And Aerosols. Although Considerable Differences (Up To 2 Pmolec Cm?2 And More) Are Observed At Single Ground-pixel Level, The Near-real-time (Nrti) And Offline (Offl) Versions Of The S5p No2 Operational Data Processor Provide Similar No2 Column Values And Validation Results When Globally Averaged, With The Nrti Values Being On Average 0.79 % Larger Than The Offl Values. |
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1867-1381 |
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8013 |
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Lucia Gualtieri, Etienne Bachmann, Frederik J Simons, Jeroen Tromp |
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Title |
Generation of secondary microseism Love waves: effects of bathymetry, 3-D structure and source seasonality |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
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Volume |
226 |
Issue |
1 |
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192-219 |
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133 |
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0956-540X |
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8016 |
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Robert E. Anthony, Adam T. Ringler, Michael DuVernois, Kent R. Anderson, David C. Wilson |
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Six Decades of Seismology at South Pole, Antarctica: Current Limitations and Future Opportunities to Facilitate New Geophysical Observations |
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2021 |
Publication |
Seismological Research Letters |
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92 |
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5 |
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2718-2735 |
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133 |
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0895-0695 |
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yes |
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8018 |
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2021 |
Publication |
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions |
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1-25 |
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133 |
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1561-8633 |
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8019 |
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Title |
Echo occurrence in the southern polar ionosphere for the SuperDARN Dome C East and Dome C North radars |
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2021 |
Publication |
Polar Science |
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28 |
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100684 |
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Echo occurrence IRI model Polar cap radars Ray-tracing |
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In this paper, echo occurrence rates for the Dome C East (DCE) and the new Dome C North (DCN) radars are studied. We report the ionospheric and ground scatter echo occurrence rates for selected periods around equinoxes and solstices in the final part of the solar cycle XXIV. The occurrence maps built in Altitude Adjusted Corrected Geomagnetic latitude and Magnetic Local Time coordinates show peculiar patterns highly variable with season. The comparisons of the radar observations with the International Reference Ionosphere model electron density and with ray tracing simulations allow us to explain the major features of observed patterns in terms of electron density variations. The study shows the great potential of the DCE and DCN radar combination to the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) convection mapping in terms of monitoring key regions of the high-latitude ionosphere critical for understanding of the magnetospheric dynamics. |
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312 |
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1873-9652 |
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8020 |
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Impact of socio-economic traditions on current tobacco and tea addictions (Siberia 17th to 20th century) |
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2021 |
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Medrxiv |
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Objective To investigate how tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations and how the first addictions have subsequently influenced the behavior of present-day populations. Design Retrospective observational study using data from frozen burials and levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine measured in hair samples from frozen bodies of autochthonous people. Confrontation of the results with new ethnobotanical, historical and cultural data from the past and with present day epidemiological data from the same region. Setting Eastern Siberia (Yakutia) from the contact with Europeans (17th century) to the assimilation of people into Russian society (19th century). Participants 47 frozen bodies of autochthonous people from eastern Siberia and a review of present-day populations from Yakutia Intervention Levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples. Along with the collection of cultural data associated with the bodies, potential comorbidities were investigated. Main outcome measure We combined LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS tools for toxicological investigations in hair and we assessed the association between xenobiotic concentrations and geography using several permutation-based methods to infer the economic circuits of tobacco and tea. Comparison of the results obtained with ethno-botanical analyses allowed to identify the products from which the metabolites were derived. Results Hair levels of theobromine, theophylline and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black or local herbal teas. At the beginning of our study period, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after contact with Europeans. Heavy tea users were only found from the 19th century and the heaviest users of the two substances date from this century. After the first contact, teas were widely consumed as beverages and medicines but also for shamanic reasons. Economic factors, fashion and social and family contacts seem to have played a decisive role in tobacco consumption very early on. Conclusion Epidemiological characteristics of present-day Yakutia suggest that the high prevalence of smokers and tea consumers, the prevalence of female smokers and tobacco use in the north, find their origins in the diffusion phenomena of the 18th and 19th century. Behavioral evolution governed the process of substance integration and was determinant for the continuity of use of these substances over a long period of time. |
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1038 |
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7952 |
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Contrasting Spatial and Seasonal Trends of Methylmercury Exposure Pathways of Arctic Seabirds: Combination of Large-Scale Tracking and Stable Isotopic Approaches |
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2021 |
Publication |
Environmental Science & Technology |
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54 |
Issue |
21 |
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13619-13629 |
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388 |
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0013-936X |
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8023 |
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Individual migration strategy fidelity but no habitat specialization in two congeneric seabirds |
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2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
263-275 |
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guillemots light-level geolocation murres Uria aalge Uria lomvia |
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388 |
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1365-2699 |
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1365-2699 |
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8025 |
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Seasonal variation of mercury contamination in Arctic seabirds: A pan-Arctic assessment |
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2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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750 |
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142201 |
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Feathers Metal Polar Seasonal variation Top predators |
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Mercury (Hg) is a natural trace element found in high concentrations in top predators, including Arctic seabirds. Most current knowledge about Hg concentrations in Arctic seabirds relates to exposure during the summer breeding period when researchers can easily access seabirds at colonies. However, the few studies focused on winter have shown higher Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period than breeding period in several tissues. Hence, improving knowledge about Hg exposure during the non-breeding period is crucial to understanding the threats and risks encountered by these species year-round. We used feathers of nine migratory alcid species occurring at high latitudes to study bird Hg exposure during both the breeding and non-breeding periods. Overall, Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period were ~3 times higher than during the breeding period. In addition, spatial differences were apparent within and between the Atlantic and Pacific regions. While Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period were ~9 times and ~3 times higher than during the breeding period for the West and East Atlantic respectively, Hg concentrations in the Pacific during the non-breeding period were only ~1.7 times higher than during the breeding period. In addition, individual Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period for most of the seabird colonies were above 5 ?g g?1 dry weight (dw), which is considered to be the threshold at which deleterious effects are observed, suggesting that some breeding populations might be vulnerable to non-breeding Hg exposure. Since wintering area locations, and migration routes may influence seasonal Hg concentrations, it is crucial to improve our knowledge about spatial ecotoxicology to fully understand the risks associated with Hg contamination in Arctic seabirds. |
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0048-9697 |
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8026 |
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