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Harding A.M.A., Piatt J.F. & Hamer K.C. (2003). Breeding ecology of horned puffins in Alaska: annual variation and effects of El Niño. Can. J. Zool., 81, 1004–1013.
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Delille B, Borges A.V. & Delille D. (2009). Influence of giant kelp beds (Macrocystis pyrifera) on diel cycles of pCO2 and DIC in the Sub-Antarctic coastal area. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci, 81, 114–122.
Abstract: The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were monitored in shallow coastal waters located inside and outside giant kelp beds (Macrocystis pyrifera) located in the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Ocean). Photosynthesis and respiration by microplankton and kelp lead to marked pCO2 and DIC diel cycles. Daily variations of pCO2 and DIC are significant in the spring and summer, but absent in the winter, reflecting the seasonal cycle of biological activity in the kelp beds. If the kelp beds seem to favour the onset of phytoplankton blooms, most of the primary production inside the kelp beds is due to the kelp itself. The primary production of Macrocystis kelp beds in the Sub-Antarctic high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) waters off the Kerguelen Archipelago is elevated and closely linked to light availability. This production is significant from October to March and reaches its climax in December at the solar radiation maximum.
Programme: 193
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Halsey L.G., Butler P.J., Fahlman A., Woakes A.J. & Y. Handrich. (2008). Behavioural and physiological significance of minimum resting metabolic rate in king penguins. Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 81(1), 74–86.
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Halsey,L.G.;Handrich, Y.; Rey, B,Fahlman, A.; Woakes, A.J.; Butler, P.J. (2008). Recovery from Swimming-Induced Hypothermia in King Penguins: Effects of Nutritional Condition. Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 81(4), 434–441.
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Halsey, L.G. Butler, P.J., Fahlman, A., Bost, C.-A., Woakes, A.J., Handrich, Y. (2008). Modelling the marine resources required to raise a king penguin chick in differing environments: an energetics approach. Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 81(6), 856–867.
Abstract: Accurate estimates of penguin energetics would represent an important contribution to our understanding of the trophodynamics of the Southern Ocean ecosystem and our ability to predict effects of environmental change on these species. We used the heart rate–rate of oxygen consumption technique to estimate rate of energy expenditure in adult king penguins raising a chick, in combination with data from the literature on changes in adult mass, chick energy requirements, and prey energy density. Our model estimated a variety of energetic costs and quantities of prey consumption related to raising a king penguin chick during the austral summer. The total energy requirements of a king penguin chick at the Crozet Archipelago from hatching until reaching a mass of 8 kg 90 d later is 271 MJ, representing the consumption of 38.4 kg of myctophid fish. A successfully breeding male requires 0.78 kg d-1 of fish during the entirety of the incubation period and 1.14 kg d-1 during the subsequent 90 d of chick rearing. Assuming the same energy requirements for females, the estimated 580,000 pairs of king penguins that breed successfully at Crozet each year, together with their chicks, consume a total of around 190,000 tons of fish during the incubation and summer rearing periods combined. If, due to depletion of fish stocks, the diet of breeders and chicks during the summer becomes identical to the typical diet of adults during the austral winter, the mass of prey required by both adults and chicks combined (where the chick still reaches 8 kg after 90 d) would increase by more than 25%.
Programme: 394
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Angelier F., Shaffer S.A., Weimerskirch H., Trouvé C. & Chastel O. (2007). Corticosterone and foraging behavior in a pelagic seabird. Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 80, 283–292.
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Pilidou, S., K.Priestley, E. Debayle & O.Gudmundsson. (2004). Rayleigh wave tomography in the North Atlantic : High resolution images of the Iceland, Azores and Eiffel mantle plumes. Lithos, 79, 453–473.
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Criscuolo, F.; Bertile, F.; Durant, J. M.; Raclot, T.; Gabrielsen, G. W.; Massemin, S.; Chastel, O. (2006). Body Mass and Clutch Size May Modulate Prolactin and Corticosterone Levels in Eiders. Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 79(3), 514–521.
Abstract: Altered body condition, increased incubation costs, and egg loss are important proximate factors modulating bird parental behavior, since they inform the adult about its remaining chances of survival or about the expected current reproductive success. Hormonal changes should reflect internal or external stimuli, since corticosterone levels (inducing nest abandonment) are known to increase while body condition deteriorates, and prolactin levels (stimulating incubation) decrease following egg predation. However, in a capital incubator that based its investment on available body reserves and naturally lost about half of its body mass during incubation, corticosterone should be maintained at a low threshold to avoid protein mobilization for energy supply. This study focused on the regulation of corticosterone and prolactin release in such birds during incubation, when facing egg manipulation (control, reduced, or increased) or a stressful event. Blood samples were taken before and after clutch manipulation and at hatching. Corticosterone levels were determined before and after 30 min of captivity. Female eiders exhibited a high hypothalamic?pituitary?adrenal sensitivity, plasma concentration of corticosterone being increased by four? to fivefold following 30 min of captivity. The adrenocortical response was not modified by body mass loss but was higher in birds for which clutch size was increased. In the same way, females did not show different prolactin levels among the experimental groups. However, when incubation started, prolactin levels were correlated to body mass, suggesting that nest attendance is programmed in relation to the female initial body condition. Moreover, due to an artifactual impact of bird manipulation, increased baseline corticosterone was associated with a prolactin decrease in the control group. These data suggest that, in eiders, body mass and clutch size modification can modulate prolactin and corticosterone levels, which cross?regulate each other in order to finely control incubation behavior.
Programme: 332
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Van Camp M., Steim J., Rapagnani G. and Rivera L. (2008). Connecting a Quanterra Datalogger Q330 on the GWR C021 Superconducting Gravimeter. SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 79, 785–796.
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Mulard, H. and Danchin, É. (2008). The role of parent-offspring interactions during and after fledging in the Black-legged Kittiwake. Behav. Processes, 79, 1–6.
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