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Author |
Faïn, X.; Grangeon, S.; Bahlmann, E.; Fritsche, J.; Obrist, D.; Dommergue, A.; Ferrari, C.P.; Cairns, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Barbante, C.; Cescon, P.; Boutron, C. |
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Title |
Diurnal production of gaseous mercury in the alpine snowpack before snowmelt |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume  |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Gaesous mercury; snow; flux; 0330 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Geochemical cycles; 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks; 1863 Hydrology: Snow and ice |
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Abstract |
In March 2005, an extensive mercury study was performed just before snowmelt at Col de Porte, an alpine site close to Grenoble, France. Total mercury concentration in the snowpack ranged from 80 ± 08 to 160 ± 15 ng l?1, while reactive mercury was below detection limit (0.2 ng l?1). We observed simultaneously a production of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in the top layer of the snowpack and an emission flux from the snow surface to the atmosphere. Both phenomena were well correlated with solar irradiation, indicating photo-induced reactions in the snow interstitial air (SIA). The mean daily flux of GEM from the snowpack was estimated at ?9 ng m?2 d?1. No depletion of GEM concentrations was observed in the SIA, suggesting no occurrence of oxidation processes. The presence of liquid water in the snowpack clearly enhanced GEM production in the SIA. Laboratory flux chamber measurements enabled us to confirm that GEM production from this alpine snowpack was first driven by solar radiation (especially UVA and UVB radiation), and then by liquid water in the snowpack. Finally, a large GEM emission from the snow surface occurred during snowmelt, and we report total mercury concentrations in meltwater of about 72 ng l?1. |
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399 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5568 |
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Author |
McCabe, J.R.; Thiemens, M.H.; Savarino, J. |
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Title |
A record of ozone variability in South Pole Antarctic snow: Role of nitrate oxygen isotopes |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
nitrate; isotopes; ozone; 1041 Geochemistry: Stable isotope geochemistry; 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles; 3344 Atmospheric Processes: Paleoclimatology; 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere; 0776 Cryosphere: Glaciology |
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Abstract |
The information contained in polar nitrate has been an unresolved issue for over a decade. Here we demonstrate that atmospheric nitrate's oxygen isotopic composition (?17O-NO3) reflects stratospheric chemistry in winter and tropospheric chemistry in summer. Surface snow isotope mass balance indicates that nitrate oxygen isotopic composition is the result of a mixture of 25% stratospheric and 75% tropospheric origin. Analysis of trends in ?17O-NO3 in a 6 m snow pit that provides a 26-year record reveals a strong 2.70-year cycle that anticorrelates (R = ?0.77) with October–November–December column ozone. The potential mechanisms linking the records are either denitrification or increased boundary layer photochemical ozone production. We suggest that the latter is dominating the observed trend and find that surface ozone and ?17O-NO3 correlate well before 1991 (R = 0.93). After 1991, however, the records show no significant relationship, indicating an altered oxidative environment consistent with current understanding of a highly oxidizing atmosphere at the South Pole. The disappearance of seasonal ?17O-NO3 trends in the surface layer at depth remain unresolved and demand further investigation of how postdepositional processes affect nitrate's oxygen isotope composition. Overall, the findings of this study present a new paleoclimate technique to investigate Antarctic nitrate records that appear to reflect trends in stratospheric ozone depletion by recording tropospheric surface ozone variability. |
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Programme |
1011 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5510 |
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Author |
Magand, O.; Genthon, C.; Fily, M.; Krinner, G.; Picard, G.; Frezzotti, M.; Ekaykin, A.A. |
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Title |
An up-to-date quality-controlled surface mass balance data set for the 90°–180°E Antarctica sector and 1950–2005 period |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
surface mass balance; East Antarctica; data quality; 0762 Cryosphere: Mass balance; 9310 Geographic Location: Antarctica; 0736 Cryosphere: Snow; 0776 Cryosphere: Glaciology; 0794 Cryosphere: Instruments and techniques |
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Abstract |
On the basis of thousands of surface mass balance (SMB) field measurements over the entire Antarctic ice sheet it is currently estimated that more than 2 Gt of ice accumulate each year at the surface of Antarctica. However, these estimates suffer from large uncertainties. Various problems affect Antarctic SMB measurements, in particular, limited or unwarranted spatial and temporal representativeness, measurement inaccuracy, and lack of quality control. We define quality criteria on the basis of (1) an up-to-date review and quality rating of the various SMB measurement methods and (2) essential information (location, dates of measurements, time period covered by the SMB values, and primary data sources) related to each SMB data. We apply these criteria to available SMB values from Queen Mary to Victoria lands (90°–180°E Antarctic sector) from the early 1950s to present. This results in a new set of observed SMB values for the 1950–2005 time period with strong reduction in density and coverage but also expectedly reduced inaccuracies and uncertainties compared to other compilations. The quality-controlled SMB data set also contains new results from recent field campaigns (International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE), Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE), and Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) projects) which comply with the defined quality criteria. A comparative evaluation of climate model results against the quality-controlled updated SMB data set and other widely used ones illustrates that such Antarctic SMB studies are significantly affected by the quality of field SMB values used as reference. |
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Programme |
411;454 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5502 |
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Author |
Preunkert, S.; Legrand, M.; Jourdain, B.; Moulin, C.; Belviso, S.; Kasamatsu, N.; Fukuchi, M.; Hirawake, T. |
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Title |
Interannual variability of dimethylsulfide in air and seawater and its atmospheric oxidation by-products (methanesulfonate and sulfate) at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica (1999–2003) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
sulfur cycle; Antarctica; dimethylsulfure; 0312 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes; 0330 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Geochemical cycles; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry |
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Abstract |
A multiple year-round study of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) (from December 1998 to April 2003) as well as sulfur-derived aerosols (methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate) (from March 1991 to February 2003) was conducted at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica. The three sulfur-derived species exhibit a seasonal cycle characterized by maxima in midsummer (January). Whereas the interannual variability of winter levels remains low, a strong interannual variability is shown in summer, particularly for DMS and MSA, and to a lesser extent for non-sea-salt sulfate. Over the 1998–2003 time period, January 2002 stands out with high values for all sulfur species. These interannual variabilities of atmospheric summer levels are examined in the light of seawater chlorophyll a content derived from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data (themselves compared to field measurements made south of 60°S), oceanic DMS levels estimated from chlorophyll a SeaWiFS data, and various sea-ice indices. |
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Programme |
414 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5603 |
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Author |
Tocheport, A.; Rivera, L.; Chevrot, S. |
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Title |
A systematic study of source time functions and moment tensors of intermediate and deep earthquakes |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Deep earthquakes; body waves inversion; source parameters; 7203 Seismology: Body waves; 7215 Seismology: Earthquake source observations; 7209 Seismology: Earthquake dynamics; 8120 Tectonophysics: Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle: general |
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Abstract |
We developed an inversion algorithm to determine the Source Time Function and Moment Tensor of intermediate and deep earthquakes from a set of teleseismic body wave records. The method proceeds in two stages. First, a nonlinear inversion by simulated annealing is performed to simultaneously (a) align the waveforms in time, (b) determine a common source time function, and (c) measure a collection of observed station amplitudes. The station amplitudes are then used, in a second stage, as secondary observables to invert for the moment tensors. We perform three different inversions to estimate the complete moment tensor solution, the pure deviatoric solution, and the double-couple solution. All the calculations are extremely simple and, in particular, it is not necessary to compute synthetic seismograms. The method requires well-isolated phases at different stations, which restricts its application to intermediate and deep events. The algorithm is applied to the FDSN broadband records corresponding to the period 1990–2005 of worldwide intermediate and deep seismicity (depth $\ges$100 km) of magnitude greater than 6.5. The source time functions are compared to those obtained from other studies of intermediate and deep events. The moment tensors are also systematically compared to the Harvard-CMT and USGS solutions. Both show a very good agreement with previous studies. |
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Programme |
133 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5550 |
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Author |
Tackett, P.J.; Cavender, A.E.; Keil, A.D.; Shepson, P.B.; Bottenheim, J.W.; Morin, S.; Deary, J.; Steffen, A.; Doerge, C. |
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Title |
A study of the vertical scale of halogen chemistry in the Arctic troposphere during Polar Sunrise at Barrow, Alaska |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Arctic; halogen chemistry; vertical profiles; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry; 0736 Cryosphere: Snow; 0738 Cryosphere: Ice; 0312 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes; 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks |
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Abstract |
The vertical extent and impact of halogen chemistry in the Arctic springtime was investigated through balloon-based measurement of several atmospheric chemical components. Various chemical species, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and elemental mercury, that are modified by halogen chemistry were measured from the surface to ?300 m during late March through mid-April 2005 in Barrow, Alaska. It is observed that the halogen chemistry appears to be most active in the lowest 100–200 m of the atmosphere. The Hg vertical concentration profiles are consistent with destruction by chemistry that evolves from a species emitted from the snowpack, most likely Br2 and BrCl, and the VOC profiles also demonstrate the limited vertical scale of halogen-initiated chemistry taking place above the Arctic snowpack. |
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Programme |
457 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5635 |
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Author |
Belt, S.T., G Massé, L L Vare, S J Rowland, M Poulin, M-A Sicre, M Sampei and L Fortier |
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Title |
Distinctive 13C isotopic signature distinguishes a novel sea ice biomarker in Arctic sediments and sediment traps |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
MARINE CHEMISTRY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
158-167 |
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Programme |
452 |
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ISSN |
0304-4203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6021 |
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Author |
Verheyden C. & Jouventin P. |
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Title |
Olfactory behavior of foraging procellariforms. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Auk |
Abbreviated Journal |
Auk |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
285-291 |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
0004-8038 |
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yes |
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Serial |
1005 |
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Author |
Cherel Y. & Freby F. |
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Title |
Daily body-mass loss and nitrogen excretion during molting fast of macaroni penguins. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Auk |
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Auk |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
492-495 |
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137 |
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ISSN |
0004-8038 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1810 |
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Author |
Rivier, L.; Ciais, P.; Hauglustaine, D.A.; Bakwin, P.; Bousquet, P.; Peylin, P.; Klonecki, A. |
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Title |
Evaluation of SF6, C2Cl4, and CO to approximate fossil fuel CO2 in the Northern Hemisphere using a chemistry transport model |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
fossil fuel proxy; SF 6; C 2 Cl 4; CO; carbon fluxes; emissions; 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry; 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution: urban and regional |
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Abstract |
The distribution of the fossil fuel component in atmospheric CO2 cannot be measured directly at a cheap cost. Could anthropogenic tracers with source patterns similar to fossil fuel CO2 then be used for that purpose? Here we present and evaluate a methodology using surrogate tracers, CO, SF6, and C2Cl4, to deduce fossil fuel CO2. A three-dimensional atmospheric chemistry transport model is used to simulate the relationship between each tracer and fossil fuel CO2. In summertime the regression slopes between fossil fuel CO2 and surrogate tracers show large spatial variations for chemically active tracers (CO and C2Cl4), although C2Cl4 presents less scatter than CO. At two tall tower sites in the United States (WLEF, Wisconsin, and WITN, North Carolina), we found that in summertime the C2Cl4 (CO) versus fossil CO2 slope is on average up to 15% (25%) higher than in winter. We show that for C2Cl4 this seasonal variation is due to OH oxidation. For CO the seasonal variation is due to both chemistry and mixing with nonanthropogenic CO sources. In wintertime the three surrogate tracers SF6, C2Cl4, and CO are about equally as good indicators of the presence of fossil CO2. However, our model strongly underestimates the variability of SF6 at both towers, probably because of unaccounted for emissions. Hence poor knowledge of emission distribution hampers the use of SF6 as a surrogate tracer. From a practical point of view we recommend the use of C2Cl4 as a proxy of fossil CO2. We also recommend the use of tracers to separate fossil CO2. Despite the fact that the uncertainty on the regression slope is on the order of 30%, the tracer approach is likely to have less bias than when letting one model with one inventory emission map calculate the fossil CO2 distribution. |
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Programme |
439 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5588 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
