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Lonhienne T., Mavromatis K., Vorgias C.E., Buchon L., Gerday C., . & Bouriotis V. (2001). Cloning, sequences and characterization of two chitinass genes from the Antarctic Arthrobacter sp. strain TAD20: isolation and partial characterization of the enzymes. J. Bacteriol., 183(5), 1773–1779.
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De Vleeschouwer F., van Vliet-Lanoë B., Fagel N., Richter T. and Boës X. (2008). Development and application of high resolution petrography on resin-impregnated holocene peat columns to detect and analyse tephras, cryptotephras, and other materials. Quaternary international, 178, 54–67.
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Maggi A., Tape C., Chen M., Chao D. & Tromp J. (2009). An automated data-window selection algorithm for adjoint tomography. Geophysical journal international, 178, 257–281.
Abstract: We present FLEXWIN, an open source algorithm for the automated selection of time windows on pairs of observed and synthetic seismograms. The algorithm was designed specifically to accommodate synthetic seismograms produced from 3-D wavefield simulations, which capture complex phases that do not necessarily exist in 1-D simulations or traditional traveltime curves. Relying on signal processing tools and several user-tuned parameters, the algorithm is able to include these new phases and to maximize the number of measurements made on each seismic record, while avoiding seismic noise. Our motivation is to use the algorithm for iterative tomographic inversions, in which the synthetic seismograms change from one iteration to the next. Hence, automation is needed to handle the volume of measurements and to allow for an increasing number of windows at each model iteration. The algorithm is sufficiently flexible to be adapted to many tomographic applications and seismological scenarios, including those based on synthetics generated from 1-D models. We illustrate the algorithm using data sets from three distinct regions: the entire globe, the Japan subduction zone, and southern California.
Programme: 133;906
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Van Vliet-Lanoë B. (2007). The autocyclic nature of glaciations. Bulletin de la societe geologique de france, 178, 4, 257–272.
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Rønning, B.; Moe, B.; Chastel, O.; Broggi, J.; Langset, M.; Bech, C. (2008). Metabolic adjustments in breeding female kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ) include changes in kidney metabolic intensity. Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, 178(6), 779–784.
Abstract: Abstract Black-legged kittiwakes (BLKIs) reduce self-maintenance cost through reductions in mass-specific basal metabolic rate (BMR), body mass and the size of visceral organs during the chick-rearing period. In the present study, we measured kidney in vitro oxygen consumption and plasma 3,3?,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) levels of incubating and chick-rearing female BLKIs, to test whether the decrease in BMR is caused mainly by decreased metabolic intensity or simply by reductions in the size of organs with high metabolic intensity. Body mass and body condition were lower in chick-rearing birds compared with the incubating birds. In contrast to the previous findings, however, the kidney mass did not differ between the two breeding stages. Plasma T3 levels decreased substantially during the breeding season, indicating a reduction in BMR. Over the same period, kidney mass-specific oxygen consumption decreased (by 17.2%) from the incubating to the chick-rearing stage. Thus, the reduction in BMR found in breeding BLKIs seems partly explained by adjustments in metabolic intensity of visceral organs. Lowered metabolic intensity of visceral organs would permit increased allocation of energy to offspring at the expense of their own self-maintenance.
Programme: 330
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de Linage C., Rivera L., Hinderer J., Boy J.-P., Rogister Y., Lambotte S. and Biancale R. (2009). Separation of coseismic and postseismic gravity changes for the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from 4.6 years of GRACE observations and modelling of the coseismic change by normal-modes summation. GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, 176, 695–714.
Abstract: This paper is devoted to the simultaneous determination of the coseismic and postseismic gravitational changes caused by the great 2004 December 26 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake from the time-variable global gravity fields recovered by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Furthermore, a complete modelling of the elasto-gravitational response of a self-gravitating, spherically layered, elastic earth model is carried out using a normal-modes summation for comparison with the observed coseismic gravitational change. Special attention is paid to the ocean mass redistribution. Special care is paid during the inversion of the data to avoid contamination of tectonic gravity changes by ocean tidal model errors, seasonal and interannual signals originating from continental hydrology and oceanic circulation as well as contamination of the coseismic gravity change by the postseismic relaxation. We use a 4.6-yr-long time-series of global gravity solutions including 26 months of postseismic data, provided by the Groupe de Recherche en Géodésie Spatiale (GRGS). For comparison, the Release-04 solutions of the Center for Space Research (CSR) are also investigated after a spectral windowing or a Gaussian spatial smoothing. Results are shown both in terms of geoid height changes and gravity variations. Coseismic and postseismic gravitational changes estimated from the different gravity solutions are globally similar, although their spatial extent and amplitude depend on the type of filter used in the processing of GRACE fields. The highest signal-to-noise ratio is found with the GRGS solutions. The postseismic signature has a spectral content closer to the GRACE bandwidth than the coseismic signature and is therefore better detected by GRACE. The coseismic signature consists mainly of a strong gravity decrease east of the Sunda trench, in the Andaman Sea. A gravity increase is also detected at a smaller scale, west of the trench. The model for the coseismic gravity changes agrees well with the coseismic signature estimated from GRACE, regarding the overall shape and orientation, location with respect to the trench and order of magnitude. Coseismic gravity changes are followed by a postseismic relaxation that are well fitted by an increasing exponential function with a mean relaxation time of 0.7 yr. The total postseismic gravity change consists of a large-scale positive anomaly centred above the trench and extending over 15° of latitude along the subduction. After 26 months, the coseismic gravity decrease has been partly compensated by the postseismic relaxation, but a negative anomaly still remains south of Phuket. A dominant gravity increase extends over 15° of latitude west of the trench, being maximal south of the epicentre area. By investigating analyses of two global hydrology models and one ocean general circulation model, we show that our GRACE estimates of the coseismic and postseismic gravitational changes are almost not biased by interannual variations originating from continental hydrology and ocean circulation in the subduction area and in the central part of the Andaman Sea, while they are biased by several μGal in the Malay Peninsula
Programme: 133
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Kanamori H. and Rivera L. (2008). Source Inversion of W phase Speeding up Seismic Tsunami Warning. GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, 175, 222–238.
Abstract: W phase is a long period phase arriving before S wave. It can be interpreted as superposition of the fundamental, first, second and third overtones of spheroidal modes or Rayleigh waves and has a group velocity from 4.5 to 9 km s−1 over a period range of 100–1000 s. The amplitude of long period waves better represents the tsunami potential of an earthquake. Because of the fast group velocity of W phase, most of W phase energy is contained within a short time window after the arrival of the P wave. At a distance of 50°, W phase energy is contained within 23 min after the origin time which is the distinct advantage of using W phase for rapid tsunami warning purposes. We use a time domain deconvolution method to extract W phases from the broad-band records of global seismic networks. The bandwidth of W phase is approximately from 0.001 to 0.01 Hz, and we bandpass filter the data from 0.001 to 0.005 Hz in most cases. Having extracted W phase from the vertical component records, we perform a linear inversion using a point source to determine Mw and the source mechanism for several large earthquakes including the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, the 2005 Nias earthquake, the 2006 Kuril Is. earthquake and the 2007 Sumatra earthquake. W phase inversion yields reliable solutions and holds promise of the use of W phase for rapid assessment of tsunami potential
Programme: 133
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Thébault, E. (2008). A proposal for regional modeling at the Earth's surface. Geophysical journal international, 174, 118.
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Tanimoto T. and Rivera L. (2008). The ZH ratio method for long-period seismic data: sensitivity kernels and observational techniques. GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, 172, 187–198.
Abstract: Amplitude ratio between vertical and horizontal components of Rayleigh waves is controlled by structure beneath a seismic station. This ratio, measured as a function of frequency, has been extensively analysed for shallow crustal structure study in earthquake engineering and applied seismology. This quantity, termed the ZH ratio in this paper, may be useful for deep earth structure study and its feasibility for the frequency range between 0.004 and 0.05 Hz (period 20–250 s) is explored in this paper. For depth sensitivity kernels, we demonstrate that a numerical approach is practical and provides sufficient accuracy for structural inversion. Depth extent of sensitivity kernels are about half of depth extent in phase velocity kernels, indicating that the ZH ratio is useful for studying the lithospheric structure. Two observational approaches for measurement of the ZH ratio are presented; the first approach uses simple envelope amplitude ratio and the second approach uses waveform correlation technique between vertical and horizontal components. The ZH ratio data alone only constrains structure beneath seismic stations but recent densification of seismic networks may make it possible to extend the analysis to regional scale structure. A greater opportunity may exist in combination of the ZH ratio method and the phase and group velocity measurements.
Programme: 133
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De Linage, C., Hinderer, J., & Rogister, Y. (2007). A search for the ratio between gravity variation and vertical displacement due to a surface load. Geophysical journal international, 171, 986–994.
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