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Author |
Sean Crowell, David Baker, Andrew Schuh, Sourish Basu, Andrew R. Jacobson, Frederic Chevallier, Junjie Liu, Feng Deng, Liang Feng, Kathryn McKain, Abhishek Chatterjee, John B. Miller, Britton B. Stephens, Annmarie Eldering, David Crisp, David Schimel, Ray Nassar, Christopher W. O'Dell, Tomohiro Oda, Colm Sweeney, Paul I. Palmer, Dylan B. A. Jones |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
9797-9831 |
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416 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7733 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
7347-7376 |
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Abstract |
Climate change mitigation efforts require information on the current greenhouse gas atmospheric concentrations and their sources and sinks. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Its variability in the atmosphere is modulated by the synergy between weather and CO2 surface fluxes, often referred to as CO2 weather. It is interpreted with the help of global or regional numerical transport models, with horizontal resolutions ranging from a few hundreds of kilometres to a few kilometres. Changes in the model horizontal resolution affect not only atmospheric transport but also the representation of topography and surface CO2 fluxes. This paper assesses the impact of horizontal resolution on the simulated atmospheric CO2 variability with a numerical weather prediction model. The simulations are performed using the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) CO2 forecasting system at different resolutions from 9 to 80?km and are evaluated using in situ atmospheric surface measurements and atmospheric column-mean observations of CO2, as well as radiosonde and SYNOP observations of the winds. The results indicate that both diurnal and day-to-day variability of atmospheric CO2 are generally better represented at high resolution, as shown by a reduction in the errors in simulated wind and CO2. Mountain stations display the largest improvements at high resolution as they directly benefit from the more realistic orography. In addition, the CO2 spatial gradients are generally improved with increasing resolution for both stations near the surface and those observing the total column, as the overall inter-station error is also reduced in magnitude. However, close to emission hotspots, the high resolution can also lead to a deterioration of the simulation skill, highlighting uncertainties in the high-resolution fluxes that are more diffuse at lower resolutions. We conclude that increasing horizontal resolution matters for modelling CO2 weather because it has the potential to bring together improvements in the surface representation of both winds and CO2 fluxes, as well as an expected reduction in numerical errors of transport. Modelling applications like atmospheric inversion systems to estimate surface fluxes will only be able to benefit fully from upgrades in horizontal resolution if the topography, winds and prior flux distribution are also upgraded accordingly. It is clear from the results that an additional increase in resolution might reduce errors even further. However, the horizontal resolution sensitivity tests indicate that the change in the CO2 and wind modelling error with resolution is not linear, making it difficult to quantify the improvement beyond the tested resolutions. Finally, we show that the high-resolution simulations are useful for the assessment of the small-scale variability of CO2 which cannot be represented in coarser-resolution models. These representativeness errors need to be considered when assimilating in situ data and high-resolution satellite data such as Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), the Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission (TanSat) and future missions such as the Geostationary Carbon Observatory (GeoCarb) and the Sentinel satellite constellation for CO2. For these reasons, the high-resolution CO2 simulations provided by the CAMS in real time can be useful to estimate such small-scale variability in real time, as well as providing boundary conditions for regional modelling studies and supporting field experiments. |
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Programme |
416 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5718 |
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Title |
Objective evaluation of surface- and satellite-driven carbon dioxide atmospheric inversions |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
14233-14251 |
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Abstract |
We study an ensemble of six multi-year global Bayesian carbon dioxide (CO2) atmospheric inversions that vary in terms of assimilated observations (either column retrievals from one of two satellites or surface air sample measurements) and transport model. The time series of inferred annual fluxes are first compared with each other at various spatial scales. We then objectively evaluate the small inversion ensemble based on a large dataset of accurate aircraft measurements in the free troposphere over the globe, which are independent of all assimilated data. The measured variables are connected with the inferred fluxes through mass-conserving transport in the global atmosphere and are part of the inversion results. Large-scale annual fluxes estimated from the bias-corrected land retrievals of the second Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) differ greatly from the prior fluxes, but are similar to the fluxes estimated from the surface network within the uncertainty of these surface-based estimates. The OCO-2-based and surface-based inversions have similar performance when projected in the space of the aircraft data, but the relative strengths and weaknesses of the two flux estimates vary within the northern and tropical parts of the continents. The verification data also suggest that the more complex and more recent transport model does not improve the inversion skill. In contrast, the inversion using bias-corrected retrievals from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) or, to a larger extent, a non-Bayesian inversion that simply adjusts a recent bottom-up flux estimate with the annual growth rate diagnosed from marine surface measurements both estimate much different fluxes and fit the aircraft data less. Our study highlights a way to rate global atmospheric inversions. Without any general claim regarding the usefulness of all OCO-2 retrieval datasets vs. all GOSAT retrieval datasets, it still suggests that some satellite retrievals can now provide inversion results that are, despite their uncertainty, comparable with respect to credibility to traditional inversions using the accurate but sparse surface network and that are therefore complementary for studies of the global carbon budget. |
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Programme |
416 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3618 |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
15825-15840 |
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Abstract |
Abstract. Distinct diurnal and seasonal variations of mercury (Hg) have been observed in near-surface air at Concordia Station on the East Antarctic Plateau, but the processes controlling these characteristics are not well understood. Here, we use a box model to interpret the
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Programme |
1177,1028 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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1680-7316 |
ISBN |
1680-7316 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7518 |
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Author |
Edel, L., J.-f. Rysman, C. Claud, C. Palerme, And C. Genthon |
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Title |
Potential of Passive Microwave around 183 GHz for Snowfall Detection in the Arctic |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Remote sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
2200 |
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Keywords |
snowfall; Arctic; passive microwaves; CloudSat; machine learning |
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Programme |
1013 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2072-4292 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7718 |
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Title |
Little Panguingue Creek: A c. 9600-Year-Old Prehistoric Knapping Workshop in the Nenana Valley, Central Alaska |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
PaleoAmerica |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
16-31 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1217 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Print ISSN: 2055-5563 Online ISSN: 2055-5571 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7524 |
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Title |
Present and Future of Rainfall in Antarctica |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e2020GL092281 |
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Abstract |
While most precipitation in Antarctica falls as snow, little is known about liquid precipitation, although it can have ecological and climatic impacts. This study combines meteorological reports at 10 stations with the ERA5 reanalysis to provide a climatological characterization of rainfall occurrence over Antarctica. Along the East Antarctic coast, liquid precipitation occurs 22 days per year at most and coincides with maritime intrusions and blocking anticyclones. Over the north-western Antarctic Peninsula, rainfall occurs more than 50 days per year on average and the recent summer cooling was accompanied by a decrease of ?35 annual rainy days per decade between 1998 and 2015 at Faraday-Vernadsky. Projections from seven latest-generation climate models reveal that Antarctic coasts will experience a warming and more frequent and intense rainfall by the end of the century. Rainfall is expected to impact new regions of the continent, increasing their vulnerability to melting by the preconditioning of surface snow. |
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Programme |
1013,1143 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1944-8007 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7935 |
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Title |
Persistent Draining of the Stratospheric 10Be Reservoir After the Samalas Volcanic Eruption (1257 CE) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
124 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
7082-7097 |
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Keywords |
beryllium-10 ice cores Samalas eruption solar reconstructions stratospheric volcanic eruptions |
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Abstract |
More than 2,000 analyses of beryllium-10 (10Be) and sulfate concentrations were performed at a nominal subannual resolution on an ice core covering the last millennium as well as on records from three sites in Antarctica (Dome C, South Pole, and Vostok) to better understand the increase in 10Be deposition during stratospheric volcanic eruptions. A significant increase in 10Be concentration is observed in 14 of the 26 volcanic events studied. The slope and intercept of the linear regression between 10Be and sulfate concentrations provide different and complementary information. Slope is an indicator of the efficiency of the draining of 10Be atoms by volcanic aerosols depending on the amount of SO2 released and the altitude it reaches in the stratosphere. Intercept gives an image of the 10Be production in the stratospheric reservoir, ultimately depending on solar modulation. The Samalas event (1257 CE) stands out from the others as the biggest eruption of the last millennium with the lowest positive slope of all the events. We hypothetize that the persistence of volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere after the Samalas eruption has drained the stratospheric 10Be reservoir for a decade, meaning that solar reconstructions based on 10Be should be considered with caution during this period. The slope of the linear regression between 10Be and sulfate concentrations can also be used to correct the 10Be snow/ice signal of the volcanic disturbance. |
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Programme |
1177,1011 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISBN |
2169-8996 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7857 |
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Author |
Jennifer F. Provencher, Stephanie Borrelle, Richard B. Sherley, Stephanie Avery-Gomm, Peter Hodum, Alex Bond, Heather L. Major, Karen D. McCoy, Rory Crawford, Flemming Merkel, Stephen Votier, Michelle Reynolds, Jeff Hatfield, Dena Spatz, Mark Mallory |
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Title |
Chapter 7 – Seabirds |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
World Seas: an Environmental Evaluation (Second Edition) |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
133-162 |
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Keywords |
Climate change Conservation Cumulative effects Disease Fisheries Hunting Marine protected areas Pollution Populations Seabirds |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
333 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISBN |
978-0-12-805052-1 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7735 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Amandine Gamble, Henri Weimerskirch, Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Seabirds blinded by ticks |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
322-322 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1540-9309 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7797 |
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