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Don-Jean Léandri-Breton, Arnaud Tarroux, Kyle H. Elliott, Pierre Legagneux, Frédéric Angelier, Pierre Blévin, Vegard Sandøy Bråthen, Per Fauchald, Aurélie Goutte, William Jouanneau, Sabrina Tartu, Børge Moe, Olivier Chastel |
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Title |
Long-term tracking of an Arctic-breeding seabird indicates high fidelity to pelagic wintering areas |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
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Pages |
205-218 |
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Keywords |
Biologging Global Location Sensors GLS Individual consistency Migration Nearest neighbor distance Repeatability Spatial distribution |
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Abstract |
Site fidelity is driven by predictable resource distributions in time and space. However, intrinsic factors related to an individual’s physiology and life-history traits can contribute to consistent foraging behaviour and movement patterns. Using 11 yr of continuous geolocation tracking data (fall 2008 to spring 2019), we investigated spatiotemporal consistency in non-breeding movements in a pelagic seabird population of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla breeding in the High Arctic (Svalbard). Our objective was to assess the relative importance of spatial versus temporal repeatability behind inter-annual movement consistency during winter. Most kittiwakes used pelagic regions of the western North Atlantic. Winter site fidelity was high both within and across individuals and at meso (100-1000 km) and macro scales (>1000 km). Spatial consistency in non-breeding movement was higher within than among individuals, suggesting that site fidelity might emerge from individuals’ memory to return to locations with predictable resource availability. Consistency was also stronger in space than in time, suggesting that it was driven by consistent resource pulses that may vary in time more so than in space. Nonetheless, some individuals displayed more flexibility by adopting a strategy of itinerancy during winter, and the causes of this flexibility are unclear. Specialization for key wintering areas can indicate vulnerability to environmental perturbations, with winter survival and carry-over effects arising from winter conditions as potential drivers of population dynamics. |
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330 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8607 |
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C. Albert, V. S. Bråthen, S. Descamps, T. Anker-Nilssen, A. Cherenkov, S. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Danielsen, K. E. Erikstad, M. Gavrilo, S. A. Hanssen, H. H. Helgason, J. E. Jónsson, Y. Kolbeinsson, Y. Krasnov, M. Langset, E. Lorentzen, B. Olsen, T. K. Reiertsen, H. Strøm, G. H. Systad, G. Tertitski, P. M. Thompson, T. L. Thórarinsson, P. Bustamante, B. Moe, J. Fort |
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Title |
Inter-annual variation in winter distribution affects individual seabird contamination with mercury |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
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Pages |
243-254 |
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Keywords |
Biologging Feathers Migration North Atlantic-Arctic Pollutant |
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Abstract |
Migratory seabirds are exposed to various pollutants throughout their annual cycle. Among them, mercury (Hg) is of particular concern given its large impact on animal health. Recent studies suggest that winter is a critical period for seabirds when contamination by Hg can be higher than at other times of year. However, individuals within and between species can have different migration strategies and winter distributions that could affect their exposure. Here, we combined multi-year individual tracking data and Hg measurements from 6 Arctic seabird species. We investigated whether inter-annual variations in individual winter contamination with Hg was related to seabird fidelity to a wintering site over years. First, our results show that Hg concentrations above the toxicity threshold (i.e. 5 µg g-1 dry weight in feathers) were observed in variable proportions according to species (from 2% of northern fulmars to 37% of Brünnich’s guillemots). Second, individuals with high fidelity to a wintering ground had more similar Hg concentrations among years compared to individuals with low fidelity, suggesting an effect of their migratory strategy on Hg contamination. Further, we found that the directional change in wintering areas among years influenced seabird Hg contamination, highlighting an additional effect of seabirds’ winter distribution. More specifically, individuals migrating to the northwest direction of a previous wintering ground tended to be more contaminated compared to those moving to eastern directions. These results confirm spatial differences in Hg concentration throughout the North Atlantic-Arctic and an east-west gradient increase in Hg concentrations. Verifying this trend will require more large-scale ecotoxicological studies at smaller spatial resolution. |
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388 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7978 |
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Author |
Johanna Faure, Clara Péron, Nicolas Gasco, Félix Massiot-Granier, Jérôme Spitz, Christophe Guinet, Paul Tixier |
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Title |
Contribution of toothfish depredated on fishing lines to the energy intake of killer whales off the Crozet Islands: a multi-scale bioenergetic approach |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
668 |
Issue |
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Pages |
149-161 |
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Keywords |
Bioenergetic model Depredation Dissostichus eleginoides Ecosystem-based management Fisheries interaction Marine mammals Orcinus orca Top predator conservation |
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Abstract |
Fisheries modify prey availability for marine predators by extracting resources but also by providing them with new feeding opportunities. Among these, depredation, which occurs when predators feed on fish caught on fishing gear, is a behavior developed by many species as a way to acquire food through limited foraging effort. However, the extent to which depredated resources from fisheries contribute to the energetic requirements and affect the demography of depredating individuals is unknown. We investigated the contribution of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides depredated on longlines to the energetic requirements of killer whales Orcinus orca around the Crozet Islands (southern Indian Ocean) over the period 2007-2018. Our results indicate that during days when depredation occurred, depredating individuals fulfilled on average 94.1% of their daily energetic requirements with depredated toothfish. However, the contribution varied from 1.2 to 13.3% of the monthly energetic requirements and from 2.4 to 8.8% of the yearly energetic requirements of the total population. Together, these findings suggest that intake of depredated toothfish can be substantial at a fine scale (daily and individually), potentially leading to temporary provisioning effects and changes in predation pressures. These effects become minor (<10%), however, when considering the full population over a whole year. The contribution of depredated fish to the annual energetic requirements of the population has increased in recent years, likely due to larger fishing quotas and greater opportunities for whales to depredate, which stresses the importance of accounting for depredation in ecosystem-based management of fishing activity. |
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109 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8335 |
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Author |
Alexandre Corbeau, Julien Collet, Adrien Pajot, Rocío Joo, Thibaut Thellier, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Differences in foraging habitat result in contrasting fisheries interactions in two albatross populations |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
663 |
Issue |
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Pages |
197-208 |
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Keywords |
Boat attraction Crozet Diomedea exulans Fisheries Fisheries discards Kerguelen |
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Abstract |
Albatrosses attend fishing boats to feed on fishing discards but are often at risk of accidental bycatch. To examine whether populations (same species) and sexes differ in their overlap with fisheries due to differences in habitat use, we combined the use of recently developed loggers equipped with GPS and boat radar detectors with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Our study indicates that incubating wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans from Crozet and Kerguelen foraged in different habitats although the duration of trips was similar. Both female and male Kerguelen birds took advantage of the large and productive surrounding shelf, whereas Crozet birds used the small shelf around the islands to a lesser extent. In Crozet, there was segregation between males and females, the latter favouring deeper and warmer waters. The 2 strategies of habitat use led to different overlap and attraction to boats, with Kerguelen birds encountering and attending boats for longer and at closer proximity to the colony than Crozet birds. Crozet females encountered boats at greater distances from the colony than males. Because of their different habitat use and foraging outside exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and further from the colony, Crozet birds attended more non-declared boats (without AIS) than Kerguelen birds. Albatrosses were more attracted by fisheries than cargo vessels and were especially attracted by fishing discards that led them to attend vessels for longer periods for both sexes and populations. The differences found between populations and individuals in terms of habitat specialization and encounter rate of fisheries should be considered for future assessments of risk of bycatch. |
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Programme |
109 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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7940 |
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Author |
Benjamin Merkel, Sébastien Descamps, Nigel G. Yoccoz, David Grémillet, Per Fauchald, Jóhannis Danielsen, Francis Daunt, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Aleksey V. Ezhov, Mike P. Harris, Maria Gavrilo, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Tone K. Reiertsen, Geir H. Systad, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Sarah Wanless, Hallvard Strøm |
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Title |
Strong migratory connectivity across meta-populations of sympatric North Atlantic seabirds |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
SEA |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Environmental niche Inter-population mixing Large-scale spatiotemporal dynamics Light-level geolocation Murres Population spread Seasonality |
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Abstract |
Identifying drivers of population trends in migratory species is difficult, as they can face many stressors while moving through different areas and environments during the annual cycle. To understand the potential of migrants to adjust to perturbations, it is critical to study the connection of different areas used by different populations during the annual cycle (i.e. migratory connectivity). Using a large-scale tracking data set of 662 individual seabirds from 2 sympatric auk meta-populations (common guillemots Uria aalge and Brünnich’s guillemots U. lomvia) breeding in 12 colonies throughout the Northeast Atlantic, we estimated migratory connectivity in seasonal space use as well as occupied environmental niches. We found strong migratory connectivity, within and between species. This was apparent through a combination of seasonal space use and occupied environmental niches. Brünnich’s guillemot populations grouped into 2 and common guillemot populations into 5 previously undescribed spatiotemporal clusters. Common guillemot populations clustered in accordance with the variable population trends exhibited by the species, while Brünnich’s guillemot populations are declining everywhere where known within the study area. Individuals from different breeding populations in both species were clustered in their space and environmental use, utilising only a fraction of the potential species-wide range. Further, space use varied among seasons, emphasising the variable constraints faced by both species during the different stages of their annual cycle. Our study highlights that considering spatiotemporal dynamics, not only in space but also in occupied environmental niches, improves our understanding of migratory connectivity and thus population vulnerability in the context of global change. |
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388 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8027 |
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Author |
Sébastien Descamps, Benjamin Merkel, Hallvard Strøm, Rémi Choquet, Harald Steen, Jérome Fort, Maria Gavrilo, David Grémillet, Dariusz Jakubas, Kurt Jerstad, Nina J. Karnovsky, Yuri V. Krasnov, Børge Moe, Jorg Welcker, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas |
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Title |
Sharing wintering grounds does not synchronize annual survival in a high Arctic seabird, the little auk |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
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Pages |
233-242 |
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Keywords |
Alle alle Capture-mark-recapture Geolocator Migration Non-breeding distribution Synchrony |
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Abstract |
Sharing the same wintering grounds by avian populations breeding in various areas may synchronize fluctuations in vital rates, which could increase the risk of extinction. Here, by combining multi-colony tracking with long-term capture-recapture data, we studied the winter distribution and annual survival of the most numerous Arctic seabird, the little auk Alle alle. We assessed whether little auks from different breeding populations in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land use the same wintering grounds and if this leads to synchronized survival. Our results indicate that birds from the Svalbard colonies shared similar wintering grounds, although differences existed in the proportion of birds from each colony using the different areas. Little auks from Franz Josef Land generally spent the winter in a separate area, but some individuals wintered in the Iceland Sea with Svalbard populations. Survival data from 3 Svalbard colonies collected in 2005-2018 indicated that sharing wintering grounds did not synchronize little auk annual survival rates. However, it is clear that the Iceland Sea is an important wintering area for little auks, and environmental changes in this area could have widespread impacts on many populations. |
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388 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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8419 |
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Author |
Denis Réale |
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Title |
Sexual segregation in a sexually dimorphic seabird: a matter of spatial scale |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Peer Community in Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
100025 |
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Abstract |
A recommendation of: Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Akiko Kato, Paco Bustamante, Yves Cherel Sexual segregation in a highly pagophilic and sexually dimorphic marine predator https://doi.org/10.1101/472431 |
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109 |
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ISSN |
2606-4979 |
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yes |
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8434 |
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Author |
Guillaume Hubert |
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Title |
Analyses of the Secondary Cosmic Ray using CCD camera in high-altitude observatories and Antarctica stations |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2021 |
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Volume |
395 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1238 |
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Keywords |
Array Pixel Sensors (APS) Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) |
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Abstract |
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) and Array Pixel Sensors (APS) can be used to image radiation-induced energy deposition. The high sensitivity of depleted silicon to ionizing radiation constitutes an opportunity to investigate radiation effects while it is a nuisance to astronomer activities. CCD and APS provide a better combination of spatial and intensity resolution for radiation events than other available types of detector. This paper proposes to analyze radiation events observed in the CCD camera and more specifically analyses of charge deposition spectra and spatially extensive events. Measurements were performed in the Pic du Midi from 2011 to 2015 and in the Concordia Antarctica station since 2018. Coupled transport models (i.e. particle transport and charge transport in semiconductors) allow investigating contributions to charge collection spectra as a function of the particle nature, i.e. neutron, proton and muon. Coupled measurements and simulations allow to access to the detected secondary CR flux and the charge deposition pattern. Results showed that high charge level events seen on atmospheric sites can be considered as hadronic component (mainly neutrons and protons) while low charge levels and punctual events are induced by muons which are able to generate up to 3 fC in the CCD camera. Hence, thanks to double level of measurement sites, muon discrimination from other secondary particles has been investigated. Cross-comparison analyses based on CCD and neutron spectrometers operated in both station/observatory investigate secondary CR dynamic. |
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1112 |
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yes |
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8325 |
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Author |
Zachary J. Oppler, Kayleigh R. O’Keeffe, Karen D. McCoy, Dustin Brisson |
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Title |
Evolutionary Genetics of Borrelia |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Current issues in molecular biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
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Pages |
97-112 |
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Abstract |
The genus Borrelia consists of evolutionarily and genetically diverse bacterial species that cause a variety of diseases in humans and domestic animals. These vector-borne spirochetes can be classified into two major evolutionary groups, the Lyme borreliosis clade and the relapsing fever clade, both of which have complex transmission cycles during which they interact with multiple host species and arthropod vectors. Molecular, ecological, and evolutionary studies have each provided significant contributions towards our understanding of the natural history, biology and evolutionary genetics of Borrelia species; however, integration of these studies is required to identify the evolutionary causes and consequences of the genetic variation within and among Borrelia species. For example, molecular and genetic studies have identified the adaptations that maximize fitness components throughout the Borrelia lifecycle and enhance transmission efficacy but provide limited insights into the evolutionary pressures that have produced them. Ecological studies can identify interactions between Borrelia species and the vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors they encounter and the resulting impact on the geographic distribution and abundance of spirochetes but not the genetic or molecular basis underlying these interactions. In this review we discuss recent findings on the evolutionary genetics from both of the evolutionarily distinct clades of Borrelia species. We focus on connecting molecular interactions to the ecological processes that have driven the evolution and diversification of Borrelia species in order to understand the current distribution of genetic and molecular variation within and between Borrelia species. |
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333 |
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ISSN |
1467-3037 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8521 |
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Author |
Carlo Cauzzi, Susana Custódio, Christos P. Evangelidis, Giovanni Lanzano, Lucia Luzi, Lars Ottemöller, Helle Pedersen, Reinoud Sleeman |
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Title |
Preface to the Focus Section on European Seismic Networks and Associated Services and Products |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Seismological Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1483-1490 |
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Abstract |
Most of the articles of this focus section serve as good examples in the open science domain, in which data are expected to be “findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable” (Wilkinson et al., 2016). In many contributions, emphasis is placed on quality: as automated access to seismological archives via standardized web services emerges as the preferred user strategy, ensuring the high quality of data and metadata becomes more and more important (e.g., Büyükakpınar et al., 2021; Cambaz et al., 2021; Carrilho et al., 2021; Evangelidis et al., 2021; Mader and Ritter, 2021; Ottemöller et al., 2021; Péquegnat et al., 2021; Stammler et al., 2021; Strollo et al., 2021). Quality is especially important at a time when very large datasets are increasingly being processed routinely and “blindly” in machine‐learning approaches. The vast majority of seismological data centers already manage multisensor archives (seismometers, accelerometers, infrasound, amphibian seismological instruments, high‐rate global navigation satellite systems, etc.), and the inclusion of new types of data (e.g., rotational sensors, low‐cost instrumentation, and synthetic waveforms) in seismological archives poses new challenges and prompts for new technical solutions and standards for data archiving, metadata preparation, quality checks, data dissemination, and processing. A particular challenge over the next few years (Quinteros, Carter, et al., 2021) is the upcoming massive growth of data volume, due in particular to new instruments (large‐N experiments and distributed acoustic sensing systems) but also to increased volumes of traditional seismic data. It is expected that multisensor experiments will progressively dominate the technical and scientific discussion in geosciences in the coming decade, spurred by the societal need to develop multidisciplinary, multihazard science and research products. Joining forces and competences is therefore key to addressing future challenges: the EarthScope Consortium was recently established in the United States, and the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) was created as the framework to integrate all geoscience services in the greater European region. ORFEUS and its seismic network community strongly support the development and consolidation of EPOS by participating in the activities of its thematic core service for seismology. |
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