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Masson-Delmotte V, Landais A, Combourieu-Nebout N, von Grafenstein U, Jouzel J, Caillon N, Chappellaz J, Dahl-Jensen D, Johnsen SJ, Stenni B. (2005). Rapid climate variability during warm and cold periods in polar regions and Europe. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 337, 935–946.
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. (2014). A novel experimental study of aeolian snow transport in Adelie Land (Antarctica)
. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 108, 125–138.
Keywords: Aeolian transport, Antarctica, Blowing snow, Drifting snow,
Programme: 411,1013
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. (2018). Feedback mechanisms between snow and atmospheric mercury: Results and observations from field campaigns on the Antarctic plateau (Vol. 197). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: The Antarctic Plateau snowpack is an important environment for the mercury geochemical cycle. We have extensively characterized and compared the changes in surface snow and atmospheric mercury concentrations that occur at Dome C. Three summer sampling campaigns were conducted between 2013 and 2016. The three campaigns had different meteorological conditions that significantly affected mercury deposition processes and its abundance in surface snow. In the absence of snow deposition events, the surface mercury concentration remained stable with narrow oscillations, while an increase in precipitation results in a higher mercury variability. The Hg concentrations detected confirm that snowfall can act as a mercury atmospheric scavenger. A high temporal resolution sampling experiment showed that surface concentration changes are connected with the diurnal solar radiation cycle. Mercury in surface snow is highly dynamic and it could decrease by up to 90% within 4/6?h. A negative relationship between surface snow mercury and atmospheric concentrations has been detected suggesting a mutual dynamic exchange between these two environments. Mercury concentrations were also compared with the Br concentrations in surface and deeper snow, results suggest that Br could have an active role in Hg deposition, particularly when air masses are from coastal areas. This research presents new information on the presence of Hg in surface and deeper snow layers, improving our understanding of atmospheric Hg deposition to the snow surface and the possible role of re-emission on the atmospheric Hg concentration.
Keywords: Antarctica Dome C Halogens Mercury Precipitation Snow
Programme: 414,1028
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. (2020). The emperor penguin – Vulnerable to projected rates of warming and sea ice loss (Vol. 241). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: We argue the need to improve climate change forecasting for ecology, and importantly, how to relate long-term projections to conservation. As an example, we discuss the need for effective management of one species, the emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri. This species is unique amongst birds in that its breeding habit is critically dependent upon seasonal fast ice. Here, we review its vulnerability to ongoing and projected climate change, given that sea ice is susceptible to changes in winds and temperatures. We consider published projections of future emperor penguin population status in response to changing environments. Furthermore, we evaluate the current IUCN Red List status for the species, and recommend that its status be changed to Vulnerable, based on different modelling projections of population decrease of ?50% over the current century, and the specific traits of the species. We conclude that current conservation measures are inadequate to protect the species under future projected scenarios. Only a reduction in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions will reduce threats to the emperor penguin from altered wind regimes, rising temperatures and melting sea ice; until such time, other conservation actions are necessary, including increased spatial protection at breeding sites and foraging locations. The designation of large-scale marine spatial protection across its range would benefit the species, particularly in areas that have a high probability of becoming future climate change refugia. We also recommend that the emperor penguin is listed by the Antarctic Treaty as an Antarctic Specially Protected Species, with development of a species Action Plan.
Keywords: Antarctic Climate change Conservation IUCN Red List threat status Protection
Programme: 137,394
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K. Heerah, M. P. Dias, K. Delord, S. Oppel, C. Barbraud, H. Weimerskirch, C. A. Bost. (2019). Important areas and conservation sites for a community of globally threatened marine predators of the Southern Indian Ocean (Vol. 234). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Keywords: Amsterdam Island Bio-logging Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas Seabirds
Programme: 109,1151
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Huiskes Ad HL, Gremmen Niek JM, Bergstrom Dana M, Frenot Yves, Hughes Kevin A, Imura Satoshi, Kiefer Kate, Lebouvier Marc, Lee Jennifer E, Tsujimoto Megumu, Ware Chris, Van de Vijver Bart, Chown Steven L, . (2014). Aliens in Antarctica: Assessing transfer of plant propagules by human visitors to reduce invasion risk
. Biological Conservation, 171, 278–284.
Keywords: Biological invasions, Propagule pressure, Risk assessment, Self-assessment, Tourism, Vessel size,
Programme: 136
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Hughes Kevin A, Lee Jennifer E, Tsujimoto Megumu, Imura Satoshi, Bergstrom Dana M, Ware Chris, Lebouvier Marc, Huiskes Ad HL, Gremmen Niek JM, Frenot Yves, Bridge Paul D, Chown Steven L, . (2011). Food for thought: Risks of non-native species transfer to the Antarctic region with fresh produce
. Biological Conservation, 144(5), 1682–1689.
Abstract: To understand fully the risk of biological invasions, it is necessary to quantify propagule pressure along all introduction pathways. In the Antarctic region, importation of fresh produce is a potentially high risk, but as yet unquantified pathway. To address this knowledge gap, >11,250 fruit and vegetables sent to nine research stations in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands, were examined for associated soil, invertebrates and microbial decomposition. Fifty-one food types were sourced from c. 130 locations dispersed across all six of the Earths inhabited continents. On average, 12% of food items had soil on their surface, 28% showed microbial infection resulting in rot and more than 56 invertebrates were recorded, mainly from leafy produce. Approximately 30% of identified fungi sampled from infected foods were not recorded previously from within the Antarctic region, although this may reflect limited knowledge of Antarctic fungal diversity. The number of non-native flying invertebrates caught within the Rothera Research Station food storage area was linked closely with the level of fresh food resupply by ship and aircraft. We conclude by presenting practical biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of non-native species introductions to Antarctica associated with fresh foods.
Keywords: Alien, Non-indigenous, Biosecurity, Propagules, Food, Polar, Antarctica, Sub-Antarctic,
Programme: 136
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Matteo Feltracco, Elena Barbaro, Clara J. M. Hoppe, Klara K. E. Wolf, Andrea Spolaor, Rose Layton, Christoph Keuschnig, Carlo Barbante, Andrea Gambaro, Catherine Larose. (2021). Airborne bacteria and particulate chemistry capture Phytoplankton bloom dynamics in an Arctic fjord (Vol. 256). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Keywords: Air-to-sea exchanges Amino acids Arctic Atmospheric microorganisms Marine phytoplankton bloom
Programme: 1192
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Battistelli E, others, . (2011). QUBIC: The QU Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology
. Astropart.Phys., 34, 705–716.
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Fund F, Perosanz F, Testut L, Loyer S, . (2013). An Integer Precise Point Positioning technique for sea surface observations using a GPS buoy
. Adv Space Res, 51(8), 1311–1322.
Abstract: GPS data dedicated to sea surface observation are usually processed using differential techniques. Unfortunately, the precision of resulting kinematic positions is baseline-length dependent. So, high precision sea surface observations using differential GPS techniques are limited to coasts, lakes, and rivers. Recent improvements in GPS satellite products (orbits, clocks, and phase biases) make phase ambiguity fixing at the zero difference level achievable and opens up the observation of the sea surface without geographical constraints. This paper recalls the concept of the Integer Precise Point Positioning technique and discusses the precision of GPS buoy positioning. A sequential version of the GINS software has been implemented to achieve single epoch GPS positioning. We used 1 Hz data from a two week GPS campaign conducted in the Kerguelen Islands. A GPS buoy has been moored close to a radar gauge and 90 m away from a permanent GPS station. This infrastructure offers the opportunity to compare both kinematic Integer Precise Point Positioning and classical differential GPS positioning techniques to in situ radar gauge data. We found that Precise Point Positioning results are not significantly biased with respect to radar gauge data and that horizontal time series are consistent with differential processing at the sub-centimetre precision level. Nevertheless, standard deviations of height time series with respect to radar gauge data are typically [45] cm. The dominant driver for noise at this level is attributed to errors in tropospheric estimates which propagate into position solutions.
Keywords: GPS, Ambiguity fixing, Tropospheric delays, Buoy, Radar gauge,
Programme: 688
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