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Véronique Van Tilbeurgh, Anne Atlan. (2022). Pluralité des valeurs attribuées à la nature : le rôle des instances de socialisation primaire (Vol. 22).
Abstract: Alors qu’il existe une grande diversité de valeurs attribuées à la nature, les déterminants sociaux habituels, tels que la catégorie socio-professionnelle, l’âge ou le sexe, se sont avérés peu explicatifs. Cet article explore le rôle de la socialisation, et plus particulièrement de la socialisation primaire dans le type de valeur que les individus affectent à la nature. L’enquête s’est déroulée dans les îles subantarctiques, choisies car la nature y est valorisée dans un contexte non-utilitariste et non-marchand, ce qui permet l’expression d’un grand nombre de valeurs. Nous avons analysé les correspondances entre les formes de socialisation des individus à la nature et les valeurs qu’ils lui affectent. La principale distinction met en tension deux instances de socialisation primaire : au sein de la famille et par les groupes de pairs. Les premières conduisent à une évaluation de la nature suivant un principe dominant et abstrait, les secondes à une évaluation égalitaire et concrète. En revanche, ceux qui n’ont pas été socialisés à la nature durant l’enfance ont plutôt tendance à mettre en avant la valorisation d’eux-mêmes acquise par l’expérience de nature. Si les trajectoires linéaires sont largement majoritaires, des renforcements ou des altérations sont possibles, montrant que certaines formes de socialisation secondaire peuvent faire ou évoluer les valeurs attribuées à la nature.
Keywords: îles subantarctiques instance de socialisation socialisation primaire valeurs de la nature
Programme: 136
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Sebastián Rosenfeld, Claudia S. Maturana, Hamish G. Spencer, Peter Convey, Thomas Saucède, Paul Brickle, Francisco Bahamonde, Quentin Jossart, Elie Poulin, Claudio Gonzalez-Wevar. (2022). Complete distribution of the genus Laevilitorina (Littorinimorpha, Littorinidae) in the Southern Hemisphere: remarks and natural history (Vol. 1127).
Abstract: Littorinid snails are present in most coastal areas globally, playing a significant role in the ecology of intertidal communities. Laevilitorina is a marine gastropod genus distributed exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with 21 species reported from South America, the sub-Antarctic islands, Antarctica, New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania. Here, an updated database of 21 species generated from a combination of sources is presented: 1) new field sampling data; 2) published records; 3) the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA), to provide a comprehensive description of the known geographic distribution of the genus and detailed occurrences for each of the 21 species. The database includes 813 records (occurrences), 53 from field sampling, 174 from the literature, 128 from GBIF, and 458 from ALA. West Antarctica had the highest species richness (8 species), followed by sub-Antarctic islands of New Zealand (4 species) and the south-east shelf of Australia (4 species). The provinces of Magellan, New Zealand South Island, and sub-Antarctic Islands of the Indian Ocean include two species each. This study specifically highlights reports of L. pygmaea and L. venusta, species that have been almost unrecorded since their description. Recent advances in molecular studies of L. caliginosa showed that this species does not correspond to a widely distributed taxon, but to multiple divergent lineages distributed throughout the Southern Ocean. Ongoing molecular and taxonomic studies are necessary for a better understanding of the diversity and biogeography of this genus.
Programme: 1044
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Sydney Vach, Samuel N. Quinn, Andrew Vanderburg, Stephen R. Kane, Karen A. Collins, Adam L. Kraus, George Zhou, Amber A. Medina, Richard P. Schwarz, Kevin I. Collins, Dennis M. Conti, Chris Stockdale, Bob Massey, Olga Suarez, Tristan Guillot, Djamel Mekarnia, Lyu Abe, Georgina Dransfield, Nicolas Crouzet, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, François-Xavier Schmider, Abelkrim Agabi, Marco Buttu, Coel Hellier, Elise Furlan, Crystal L. Gnilka, Steve B. Howell, Carl Ziegler, César Briceño, Nicholas Law, Andrew W. Mann, Alexander Rudat, Knicole D. Colon, Mark E. Rose, Michelle Kunimoto, Maximilian N. Günther, David Charbonneau, David R. Ciardi, George R. Ricker, Roland K. Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins. (2022). TOI-712: A System of Adolescent Mini-Neptunes Extending to the Habitable Zone (Vol. 164).
Abstract: As an all-sky survey, NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is able to detect the brightest and rarest types of transiting planetary systems, including young planets that enable study of the evolutionary processes that occur within the first billion years. Here we report the discovery of a young, multiplanet system orbiting the bright K4.5V star, TOI-712 (V = 10.838, , R ⋆ = 0.674 ± 0.016 R ⊙, K). From the TESS light curve, we measure a rotation period of 12.48 days and derive an age between about 500 Myr and 1.1 Gyr. The photometric observations reveal three transiting mini-Neptunes (, , ), with orbital periods of P b = 9.531 days, P c = 51.699 days, and P d = 84.839 days. After modeling the three-planet system, an additional Earth-sized candidate is identified, TOI-712.05 (P = 4.32 days, R P = 0.81 ± 0.11 R ⊕). We calculate that the habitable zone falls between 0.339 and 0.844 au (82.7 and 325.3 days), placing TOI-712 d near its inner edge. Among planetary systems harboring temperate planets, TOI-712 (T = 9.9) stands out as a relatively young star bright enough to motivate further characterization.
Programme: 1066
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Sam Christian, Andrew Vanderburg, Juliette Becker, Daniel A. Yahalomi, Logan Pearce, George Zhou, Karen A. Collins, Adam L. Kraus, Keivan G. Stassun, Zoe de Beurs, George R. Ricker, Roland K. Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Joshua N. Winn, S. Seager, Jon M. Jenkins, Lyu Abe, Karim Agabi, Pedro J. Amado, David Baker, Khalid Barkaoui, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Paul Benni, John Berberian, Perry Berlind, Allyson Bieryla, Emma Esparza-Borges, Michael Bowen, Peyton Brown, Lars A. Buchhave, Christopher J. Burke, Marco Buttu, Charles Cadieux, Douglas A. Caldwell, David Charbonneau, Nikita Chazov, Sudhish Chimaladinne, Kevin I. Collins, Deven Combs, Dennis M. Conti, Nicolas Crouzet, Jerome P. de Leon, Shila Deljookorani, Brendan Diamond, René Doyon, Diana Dragomir, Georgina Dransfield, Zahra Essack, Phil Evans, Akihiko Fukui, Tianjun Gan, Gilbert A. Esquerdo, Michaël Gillon, Eric Girardin, Pere Guerra, Tristan Guillot, Eleanor Kate K. Habich, Andreea Henriksen, Nora Hoch, Keisuke I. Isogai, Emmanuël Jehin, Eric L. N. Jensen, Marshall C. Johnson, John H. Livingston, John F. Kielkopf, Kingsley Kim, Kiyoe Kawauchi, Vadim Krushinsky, Veronica Kunzle, Didier Laloum, Dominic Leger, Pablo Lewin, Franco Mallia, Bob Massey, Mayuko Mori, Kim K. McLeod, Djamel Mékarnia, Ismael Mireles, Nikolay Mishevskiy, Motohide Tamura, Felipe Murgas, Norio Narita, Ramon Naves, Peter Nelson, Hugh P. Osborn, Enric Palle, Hannu Parviainen, Peter Plavchan, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Markus Rabus, Howard M. Relles, Cristina Rodríguez López, Samuel N. Quinn, Francois-Xavier Schmider, Joshua E. Schlieder, Richard P. Schwarz, Avi Shporer, Laurie Sibbald, Gregor Srdoc, Caitlin Stibbards, Hannah Stickler, Olga Suarez, Chris Stockdale, Thiam-Guan Tan, Yuka Terada, Amaury Triaud, Rene Tronsgaard, William C. Waalkes, Gavin Wang, Noriharu Watanabe, Marie-Sainte Wenceslas, Geof Wingham, Justin Wittrock, Carl Ziegler. (2022). A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions (Vol. 163).
Abstract: Astronomers do not have a complete picture of the effects of wide-binary companions (semimajor axes greater than 100 au) on the formation and evolution of exoplanets. We investigate these effects using new data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission to characterize wide-binary systems with transiting exoplanets. We identify a sample of 67 systems of transiting exoplanet candidates (with well-determined, edge-on orbital inclinations) that reside in wide visual binary systems. We derive limits on orbital parameters for the wide-binary systems and measure the minimum difference in orbital inclination between the binary and planet orbits. We determine that there is statistically significant difference in the inclination distribution of wide-binary systems with transiting planets compared to a control sample, with the probability that the two distributions are the same being 0.0037. This implies that there is an overabundance of planets in binary systems whose orbits are aligned with those of the binary. The overabundance of aligned systems appears to primarily have semimajor axes less than 700 au. We investigate some effects that could cause the alignment and conclude that a torque caused by a misaligned binary companion on the protoplanetary disk is the most promising explanation.
Programme: 1066
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Andrew W. Mann, Mackenna L. Wood, Stephen P. Schmidt, Madyson G. Barber, James E. Owen, Benjamin M. Tofflemire, Elisabeth R. Newton, Eric E. Mamajek, Jonathan L. Bush, Gregory N. Mace, Adam L. Kraus, Pa Chia Thao, Andrew Vanderburg, Joe Llama, Christopher M. Johns-Krull, L. Prato, Asa G. Stahl, Shih-Yun Tang, Matthew J. Fields, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Collins, Tianjun Gan, Eric L. N. Jensen, Jacob Kamler, Richard P. Schwarz, Elise Furlan, Crystal L. Gnilka, Steve B. Howell, Kathryn V. Lester, Dylan A. Owens, Olga Suarez, Djamel Mekarnia, Tristan Guillot, Lyu Abe, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Marshall C. Johnson, Reilly P. Milburn, Aaron C. Rizzuto, Samuel N. Quinn, Ronan Kerr, George R. Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Natalia M. Guerrero, Avi Shporer, Joshua E. Schlieder, Brian McLean, Bill Wohler. (2022). TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). VI. An 11 Myr Giant Planet Transiting a Very-low-mass Star in Lower Centaurus Crux (Vol. 163).
Abstract: Mature super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are predicted to be ≃ Jovian radius when younger than 10 Myr. Thus, we expect to find 5–15 R ⊕ planets around young stars even if their older counterparts harbor none. We report the discovery and validation of TOI 1227b, a 0.85 ± 0.05 R J (9.5 R ⊕) planet transiting a very-low-mass star (0.170 ± 0.015 M ⊙) every 27.4 days. TOI 1227's kinematics and strong lithium absorption confirm that it is a member of a previously discovered subgroup in the Lower Centaurus Crux OB association, which we designate the Musca group. We derive an age of 11 ± 2 Myr for Musca, based on lithium, rotation, and the color–magnitude diagram of Musca members. The TESS data and ground-based follow-up show a deep (2.5%) transit. We use multiwavelength transit observations and radial velocities from the IGRINS spectrograph to validate the signal as planetary in nature, and we obtain an upper limit on the planet mass of ≃0.5 M J. Because such large planets are exceptionally rare around mature low-mass stars, we suggest that TOI 1227b is still contracting and will eventually turn into one of the more common <5 R ⊕ planets.
Programme: 1066
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Lorène Julia Marchand, Françoise Hennion, Michèle Tarayre, Marie-Claire Martin, Benoit Renaud Martins, Cécile Monard. (2022). Fellfields of the Kerguelen Islands harbour specific soil microbiomes and rhizomicrobiomes of an endemic plant facing necrosis (Vol. 2).
Abstract: Polar regions are characterized by rocky terrains with sparse vegetation and oligotrophic soils, i.e. “fellfields”. In such ecosystems, microbial communities should be essential for soil-plant functioning but their diversity is poorly explored. The sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands fellfields are characterized by an endemic long-lived cushion plant, Lyallia kerguelensis which rhizosphere may be a shelter for microbes in this harsh environment. Cushions are affected by necrosis and we expect the rhizomicrobiome composition to be related to plant necrosis. We analysed bacterial and fungal communities in bulk- and rhizospheric soils from L. kerguelensis in five different fellfields across the Kerguelen Islands using 16S rRNA and ITS1 metabarcoding. We found that soil microbial communities were composed of both restricted and cosmopolitan taxa. While all sites were dominated by the same bacterial taxa (Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, α-Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria), the relative abundance of the main fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Rozellomycota) highly differed between sites. L. kerguelensis rhizomicrobiome was at least as diverse as the bulk soil, making the rhizosphere a possible reservoir of microbial diversity. It was composed of the same main bacterial phyla than detected in the bulk soil while the composition of the rhizosphere fungal communities was specific to each plant. No common microorganisms were identified regarding cushion necrosis extent across plants and sites, but several microbial putative functions were shared, suggesting a possible shift in soil functioning with cushion necrosis increase. Our study brings new information on the diversity and composition of the microbial communities of fellfield soils in a sub-Antarctic Island and the rhizomicrobiome of a characteristic endemic cushion plant.
Programme: 1116
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Tignat-Perrier, R., Vogel, T. M., Técher, N., Larose, C., and Dommergue, A. (2022). Microorganisms Floating Through the Air.
Abstract: Would you believe us if we told you that, when you breathe in, you inhale thousands of microorganisms with every breath. Although this might sound scary, be assured that they are safe for your health. These airborne microorganisms, too small to see with the naked eye, consist of many different species. Who are they? Where do they come from? What do they do in the air? These are some of the questions that we answer in this article, although many questions about airborne microorganisms remain to be explored.
Programme: 1028
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Natasja Krog Noer, Mathias Hamann Sørensen, Hervé Colinet, David Renault, Simon Bahrndorff, Torsten Nygaard Kristensen. (2022). Rapid Adjustments in Thermal Tolerance and the Metabolome to Daily Environmental Changes – A Field Study on the Arctic Seed Bug Nysius groenlandicus (Vol. 13).
Abstract: Laboratory investigations on terrestrial model-species, typically of temperate origin, have demonstrated that terrestrial ectotherms can cope with daily temperature variations through rapid hardening responses. However, few studies have investigated this ability and its physiological basis in the field. Especially in polar regions, where the temporal and spatial temperature variations can be extreme, are hardening responses expected to be important. Here, we examined diurnal adjustments in heat and cold tolerance in the Greenlandic seed bug Nysius groenlandicus by collecting individuals for thermal assessment at different time points within and across days. We found a significant correlation between observed heat or cold tolerance and the ambient microhabitat temperatures at the time of capture, indicating that N. groenlandicus continuously and within short time-windows respond physiologically to thermal changes and/or other environmental variables in their microhabitats. Secondly, we assessed underlying metabolomic fingerprints using GC-MS metabolomics in a subset of individuals collected during days with either low or high temperature variation. Concentrations of metabolites, including sugars, polyols, and free amino acids varied significantly with time of collection. For instance, we detected elevated sugar levels in animals caught at the lowest daily field temperatures. Polyol concentrations were lower in individuals collected in the morning and evening and higher at midday and afternoon, possibly reflecting changes in temperature. Additionally, changes in concentrations of metabolites associated with energetic metabolism were observed across collection times. Our findings suggest that in these extreme polar environments hardening responses are marked and likely play a crucial role for coping with microhabitat temperature variation on a daily scale, and that metabolite levels are actively altered on a daily basis.
Programme: 136
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David Costantini, Pierre Blévin, Jan Ove Bustnes, Valérie Esteve, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Dorte Herzke, Ségolène Humann-Guilleminot, Børge Moe, Charline Parenteau, Charlotte Récapet, Paco Bustamante, Olivier Chastel. (2022). Integument carotenoid-based colouration reflects contamination to perfluoroalkyl substances, but not mercury, in arctic black-legged kittiwakes (Vol. 10).
Abstract: Anthropogenic activities are introducing multiple chemical contaminants into ecosystems that act as stressors for wildlife. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and mercury (Hg) are two relevant contaminants that may cause detrimental effects on the fitness of many aquatic organisms. However, there is a lack of information on their impact on the expression of secondary sexual signals that animals use for mate choice. We have explored the correlations between integument carotenoid-based colourations, blood levels of carotenoids, and blood levels of seven PFAS and of total Hg (THg) in 50 adult male black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) from the Norwegian Arctic during the pre-laying period, while controlling for other colouration influencing variables such as testosterone and body condition. Kittiwakes with elevated blood concentrations of PFAS (PFOSlin, PFNA, PFDcA, PFUnA, or PFDoA) had less chromatic but brighter bills, and brighter gape and tongue; PFOSlin was the pollutant with the strongest association with bill colourations. Conversely, plasma testosterone was the only significant correlate of hue and chroma of both gape and tongue, and of hue of the bill. Kittiwakes with higher concentrations of any PFAS, but not of THg, tended to have significantly higher plasma concentrations of the carotenoids astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, and cryptoxanthin. Our work provides the first correlative evidence that PFAS exposure might interfere with the carotenoid metabolism and the expression of integument carotenoid-based colourations in a free-living bird species. This outcome may be a direct effect of PFAS exposure or be indirectly caused by components of diet that also correlate with elevated PFAS concentrations (e.g., proteins). It also suggests that there might be no additive effect of THg co-exposure with PFAS on the expression of colourations. These results call for further work on the possible interference of PFAS with the expression of colourations used in mate choice.
Programme: 330
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Yves Cherel, Antoine Carrouée. (2022). Assessing marine ecosystem complexity: isotopic integration of the trophic structure of seabird communities from the Southern Ocean (Vol. 694).
Abstract: Understanding the processes structuring communities is a fundamental goal in ecology and conservation biology. Seabirds are commonly used as sentinels of marine ecosystems, but there is a lack of quantitative information providing a synoptic view of their community structure and of its underlying mechanisms. We used stable isotope analysis of chick feathers to investigate the structure of 2 communities that are representative of the subantarctic (Kerguelen) and Antarctic (Adélie Land) seabird diversity. Total area of the convex hull (a measure of the total δ13C-δ15N niche space) was 8.4-fold higher at the Kerguelen Islands than in Adélie Land, a consequence of the higher seabird diversity at the former locality. Kerguelen seabirds grouped into 2 clusters of oceanic and inshore species, with the latter group not represented in Adélie Land. Communities are primarily structured by the availability of foraging habitats (δ13C) and then of trophic resources (δ15N), with body size being a major driving force of trophic position. Ecological characteristics are more important than phylogeny to shape seabird isotopic niche breadth (standard ellipse area corrected for small sample size, SEAc), with no significant differences between Sphenisciformes, Procellariiformes, and Charadriiformes. By contrast, SEAc varies according to foraging guilds, diet, and a specialist-generalist gradient, with ubiquitous seabirds having a 10-fold larger mean SEAc than pelagic divers. This study sets a baseline against which the effects of long-term environmental changes on seabird community structure can be studied across years and conditions, and provides a relevant starting point for the investigation into the effect of climate change on Southern Ocean ecosystems.
Keywords: Antarctica Body size Habitat Penguins Procellariiformes Stable isotopes Trophic position
Programme: 109
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