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Records |
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Author |
Wheeler, H. C., Berteaux, D., Furgal, C., Parlee, B., Yoccoz, N.G., Grémillet, D. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Stakeholder perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in a rapidly changing Arctic |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Frontiers in ecology and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Ecol. Evol. |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Monitoring activities provide a core contribution to wildlife conservation in the Arctic. Effective monitoring which allows changes in population status to be detected early, provides opportunities to mitigate pressures driving declines. Monitoring triage involves decisions about how and where to prioritise activities in species and ecosystem based monitoring. In particular, monitoring triage examines whether to divert resources away from species where there is high likelihood of extinction in the near-future in favour of species where monitoring activities may produce greater conservation benefits. As a place facing both rapid change with a high likelihood of population extinctions, and serious logistic and financial challenges for field data acquisition, the Arctic provides a good context in which to examine attitudes toward triage in monitoring. For effective decision-making to emerge from monitoring, multiple stakeholders must be involved in defining aims and priorities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in arctic wildlife monitoring (either contributing to observation and recording of wildlife, using information from wildlife observation and recording, or using wildlife as a resource) to elicit their perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in the Arctic. The majority (56%) of our 23 participants were predominantly in opposition to triage, 26% were in support of triage and 17% were undecided. Representatives of Indigenous organisations were more likely to be opposed to triage than scientists and those involved in decision-making showed greatest support for triage amongst the scientist participants. Responses to the concept of triage included that: 1) The species-focussed approach associated with triage did not match their more systems-based view (5 participants), 2) Important information is generated through monitoring threatened species which advances understanding of the drivers of change, responses and ecosystem consequences (5 participants), 3) There is an obligation to try to monitor and conserve threatened species (4 participants), and 4) Monitoring needs to address local people’s needs which may be overlooked under triage (3 participants). The complexity of decision-making to create monitoring programmes that maximise benefits to biodiversity and people makes prioritisation with simple models difficult. Using scenarios to identify desirable trajectories of Arctic stewardship may be an effective means of identifying monitoring needs. |
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2296-701X |
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yes |
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Serial |
6566 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Helen C. Wheeler, Dominique Berteaux, Chris Furgal, Brenda Parlee, Nigel G. Yoccoz, David Grémillet |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Stakeholder Perspectives on Triage in Wildlife Monitoring in a Rapidly Changing Arctic |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Arctic monitoring decision-making Polar observation Priorization recording wildlife conservation |
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Abstract |
Monitoring activities provide a core contribution to wildlife conservation in the Arctic. Effective monitoring which allows changes in population status to be detected early, provides opportunities to mitigate pressures driving declines. Monitoring triage involves decisions about how and where to prioritise activities in species and ecosystem based monitoring. In particular, monitoring triage examines whether to divert resources away from species where there is high likelihood of extinction in the near-future in favour of species where monitoring activities may produce greater conservation benefits. As a place facing both rapid change with a high likelihood of population extinctions, and serious logistic and financial challenges for field data acquisition, the Arctic provides a good context in which to examine attitudes toward triage in monitoring. For effective decision-making to emerge from monitoring, multiple stakeholders must be involved in defining aims and priorities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in arctic wildlife monitoring (either contributing to observation and recording of wildlife, using information from wildlife observation and recording, or using wildlife as a resource) to elicit their perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in the Arctic. The majority (56%) of our 23 participants were predominantly in opposition to triage, 26% were in support of triage and 17% were undecided. Representatives of Indigenous organisations were more likely to be opposed to triage than scientists and those involved in decision-making showed greatest support for triage amongst the scientist participants. Responses to the concept of triage included that: 1) The species-focussed approach associated with triage did not match their more systems-based view (5 participants), 2) Important information is generated through monitoring threatened species which advances understanding of the drivers of change, responses and ecosystem consequences (5 participants), 3) There is an obligation to try to monitor and conserve threatened species (4 participants), and 4) Monitoring needs to address local people’s needs which may be overlooked under triage (3 participants). The complexity of decision-making to create monitoring programmes that maximise benefits to biodiversity and people makes prioritisation with simple models difficult. Using scenarios to identify desirable trajectories of Arctic stewardship may be an effective means of identifying monitoring needs. |
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388 |
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2296-701X |
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2296-701X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6918 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Helen C. Wheeler, Dominique Berteaux, Chris Furgal, Brenda Parlee, Nigel G. Yoccoz, David Grémillet |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Stakeholder Perspectives on Triage in Wildlife Monitoring in a Rapidly Changing Arctic |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Arctic monitoring decision-making Polar observation Priorization recording wildlife conservation |
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Abstract |
Monitoring activities provide a core contribution to wildlife conservation in the Arctic. Effective monitoring which allows changes in population status to be detected early, provides opportunities to mitigate pressures driving declines. Monitoring triage involves decisions about how and where to prioritise activities in species and ecosystem based monitoring. In particular, monitoring triage examines whether to divert resources away from species where there is high likelihood of extinction in the near-future in favour of species where monitoring activities may produce greater conservation benefits. As a place facing both rapid change with a high likelihood of population extinctions, and serious logistic and financial challenges for field data acquisition, the Arctic provides a good context in which to examine attitudes toward triage in monitoring. For effective decision-making to emerge from monitoring, multiple stakeholders must be involved in defining aims and priorities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in arctic wildlife monitoring (either contributing to observation and recording of wildlife, using information from wildlife observation and recording, or using wildlife as a resource) to elicit their perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in the Arctic. The majority (56%) of our 23 participants were predominantly in opposition to triage, 26% were in support of triage and 17% were undecided. Representatives of Indigenous organisations were more likely to be opposed to triage than scientists and those involved in decision-making showed greatest support for triage amongst the scientist participants. Responses to the concept of triage included that: 1) The species-focussed approach associated with triage did not match their more systems-based view (5 participants), 2) Important information is generated through monitoring threatened species which advances understanding of the drivers of change, responses and ecosystem consequences (5 participants), 3) There is an obligation to try to monitor and conserve threatened species (4 participants), and 4) Monitoring needs to address local people’s needs which may be overlooked under triage (3 participants). The complexity of decision-making to create monitoring programmes that maximise benefits to biodiversity and people makes prioritisation with simple models difficult. Using scenarios to identify desirable trajectories of Arctic stewardship may be an effective means of identifying monitoring needs. |
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388 |
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2296-701X |
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2296-701X |
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yes |
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Serial |
7297 |
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Author |
Andreas Richter, Alexey A. Ekaykin, Matthias O. Willen, Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov, Andreas Groh, Sergey V. Popov, Mirko Scheinert, Martin Horwath, Reinhard Dietrich |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Surface Mass Balance Models Vs. Stake Observations: A Comparison in the Lake Vostok Region, Central East Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
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Pages |
388 |
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Abstract |
The surface mass balance (SMB) is very low over the vast East Antarctic Plateau, for example in the Vostok region, where the mean SMB is on the order of 20–35 kg m-2 a-1. The observation and modeling of spatio-temporal SMB variations are equally challenging in this environment. Stake measurements carried out in the Vostok region provide SMB observations over half a century (1970–2019). This unique data set is compared with SMB estimations of the regional climate models RACMO2.3p2 (RACMO) and MAR3.11 (MAR). We focus on the SMB variations over time scales from months to decades. The comparison requires a rigorous assessment of the uncertainty in the stake observations and the spatial scale dependence of the temporal SMB variations. Our results show that RACMO estimates of annual and multi-year SMB agree well with the observations. The regression slope between modelled and observed temporal variations is close to 1.0 for this model. SMB simulations by MAR are affected by a positive bias which amounts to 6 kg m-2 a-1 at Vostok station and 2 kg m-2 a-1 along two stake profiles between Lake Vostok and Ridge B. None of the models is capable to reproduce the seasonal distributions of SMB and precipitation. Model SMB estimates are used in assessing the ice-mass balance and sea-level contribution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet by the input-output method. Our results provide insights into the uncertainty contribution of the SMB models to such assessments. |
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411 |
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2296-6463 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8030 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Alexey Lyubushin |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Global Seismic Noise Entropy |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
558 |
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Abstract |
Data of continuous records of low-frequency (periods from 2 to 1,000 min) seismic noise on a global network of 229 broadband stations located around the world for 23 years, 1997–2019, are analyzed. The daily values of the entropy of the distribution of the squares of the orthogonal wavelet coefficients are considered as an informative characteristic of noise. An auxiliary network of 50 reference points is introduced, the positions of which are determined from the clustering of station positions. For each reference point, a time series is calculated, consisting of 8,400 samples with a time step of 1 day, the values of which are determined as the medians of the entropy values at the five nearest stations that are operable during the given day. The introduction of a system of reference points makes it possible to estimate temporal and spatial changes in the correlation of noise entropy values around the world. Estimation in an annual sliding time window revealed a time interval from mid-2002 to mid-2003, when there was an abrupt change in the properties of global noise and an intensive increase in both average entropy correlations and spatial correlation scales began. This trend continues until the end of 2019, and it is interpreted as a feature of seismic noise which is connected with an increase in the intensity of the strongest earthquakes, which began with the Sumatran mega-earthquake of December 26, 2004 (M = 9.3). The values of the correlation function between the logarithm of the released seismic energy and the bursts of coherence between length of day and the entropy of seismic noise in the annual time window indicate the delay in the release of seismic energy relative to the coherence maxima. This lag is interpreted as a manifestation of the triggering effect of the irregular rotation of the Earth on the increase in global seismic hazard. |
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133 |
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2296-6463 |
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2296-6463 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7889 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Kévin Fourteau, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, Patricia Martinerie, Xavier Faïn |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
A Micro-Mechanical Model for the Transformation of Dry Polar Firn Into Ice Using the Level-Set Method |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101 |
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Abstract |
Interpretation of greenhouse gas records in polar ice cores requires a good understanding of the mechanisms controlling gas trapping in polar ice, and therefore of the processes of densification and pore closure in firn (compacted snow). Current firn densification models are based on a macroscopic description of the firn and rely on empirical laws and/or idealized geometries to obtain the equations governing the densification and pore closure. Here, we propose a physically-based methodology explicitly representing the porous structure and its evolution over time. In order to handle the complex geometry and topological changes that occur during firn densification, we rely on a Level-Set representation of the interface between the ice and the pores. Two mechanisms are considered for the displacement of the interface: (i) mass surface diffusion driven by local pore curvature and (ii) ice dislocation creep. For the latter, ice is modeled as a viscous material and the flow velocities are solutions of the Stokes equations. First applications show that the model is able to densify firn and split pores. Using the model in cold and arid conditions of the Antarctic plateau, we show that gas trapping models do not have to consider the reduced compressibility of closed pores compared to open pores in the deepest part of firns. Our results also suggest that the mechanism of curvature-driven surface diffusion does not result in pore splitting, and that ice creep has to be taken into account for pores to close. Future applications of this type of model could help quantify the evolution and closure of firn porous networks for various accumulation and temperature conditions. |
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1153 |
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2296-6463 |
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yes |
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8268 |
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Author |
Plateaux Romain, Bethoux Nicole, BERGERAT Françoise, Mercier De Lépinay Bernard, |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Volcano-tectonic interactions revealed by inversion of focal mechanisms: stress field insight around and beneath the Vatnajökull ice cap in Iceland
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
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2 |
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316 |
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2296-6463 |
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yes |
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Serial |
5364 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Mccoy Karen Denise, Léger Elsa, Dietrich Muriel, |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Host specialization in ticks and transmission of tick-borne diseases: a review
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
adaptation, Argasidae, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, community diversity, epidemiology, Ixodidae, population genetic structure, transmission, |
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Abstract |
Determining patterns of host use, and the frequency at which these patterns change, are of key importance if we are to understand tick population dynamics, the evolution of tick biodiversity, and the circulation and evolution of associated pathogens. The question of whether ticks are typically host specialists or host generalists has been subject to much debate over the last half-century. Indeed, early research proposed that morphological diversity in ticks was linked to host specific adaptations and that most ticks were specialists. Later work disputed this idea and suggested that ticks are largely limited by biogeographic conditions and tend to use all locally available host species. The work presented in this review suggests that the actual answer likely lies somewhere between these two extremes. Although recent observational studies support the view that phylogenetically diverse host species share ticks when found on similar ecological ranges, theory on host range evolution predicts that host specialization should evolve in ticks given their life history characteristics. Contemporary work employing population genetic tools to examine host-associated population structure in several tick systems support this prediction and show that simple species records are not enough to determine whether a parasite is a true host generalist; host specialization does evolve in ticks at local scales, but may not always lead to speciation. Ticks therefore seem to follow a pattern of being global generalists, local specialists. Given this, the notion of host range needs to be modified from an evolutionary perspective, where one simply counts the number of hosts used across the geographic distribution, to a more ecological view, where one considers host use at a local scale, if we are to better understand the circulation of tick-borne pathogens and exposure risks for humans and livestock. |
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333 |
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2296-634X |
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yes |
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4612 |
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Author |
Alexandra Lavrillier |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
“Spirit-Charged” Humans in Siberia: Interrelations between the Notions of the Individual (“Spirit Charge” and “Active Imprint”) and (Ritual) Action |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Arctic Anthropology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
72-99 |
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This paper shows how a society imagines human individuals and their power to act upon spirits both ritually and materially. Based on the author’s fieldwork (from 1994 to 2019), it analyzes the emic concept onnir, which is omnipresent in the daily activities and the past and present collective/individual rituals of Siberian Evenki and Even. Each human owns a specific fluctuating “charge made of spirits” and an “active imprint” that empowers the human to act, perform rituals, develop talents, and create. Even after death, this “imprint” affects everything and everyone a human ever touched. Onnir defines the interrelations between the individual, the spirits of his or her own “charge,” and the spirits of the universe in an “active agent”-“patient” relationship. This paper contributes to studies of the notions of the individual, “playing” as a ritual means, the acceptance/rejection of neoshamans, neorituals, and the (ritual) agency of ordinary individuals. |
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1127 |
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0066-6939, 1933-8139 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8079 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Yves Cherel, Antoine Carrouée |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Assessing marine ecosystem complexity: isotopic integration of the trophic structure of seabird communities from the Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
694 |
Issue |
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Pages |
193-208 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Body size Habitat Penguins Procellariiformes Stable isotopes Trophic position |
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Abstract |
Understanding the processes structuring communities is a fundamental goal in ecology and conservation biology. Seabirds are commonly used as sentinels of marine ecosystems, but there is a lack of quantitative information providing a synoptic view of their community structure and of its underlying mechanisms. We used stable isotope analysis of chick feathers to investigate the structure of 2 communities that are representative of the subantarctic (Kerguelen) and Antarctic (Adélie Land) seabird diversity. Total area of the convex hull (a measure of the total δ13C-δ15N niche space) was 8.4-fold higher at the Kerguelen Islands than in Adélie Land, a consequence of the higher seabird diversity at the former locality. Kerguelen seabirds grouped into 2 clusters of oceanic and inshore species, with the latter group not represented in Adélie Land. Communities are primarily structured by the availability of foraging habitats (δ13C) and then of trophic resources (δ15N), with body size being a major driving force of trophic position. Ecological characteristics are more important than phylogeny to shape seabird isotopic niche breadth (standard ellipse area corrected for small sample size, SEAc), with no significant differences between Sphenisciformes, Procellariiformes, and Charadriiformes. By contrast, SEAc varies according to foraging guilds, diet, and a specialist-generalist gradient, with ubiquitous seabirds having a 10-fold larger mean SEAc than pelagic divers. This study sets a baseline against which the effects of long-term environmental changes on seabird community structure can be studied across years and conditions, and provides a relevant starting point for the investigation into the effect of climate change on Southern Ocean ecosystems. |
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109 |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8321 |
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