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Unnikrishnan A. S., A. Matthews, M. Gravelle, L. Testut, T. Aarup, P. L. Woodworth and B. A. Kumar. (2019). Tide gauges. In: Beal, Lisa M.; Vialard, Jérôme; Roxy, Mathew K., (eds.) Full Report. IndOOS-2: A roadmap to sustained observations of the Indian Ocean for 2020-2030.
Abstract: Tide gauge measurements provide data for routine tidal predictions in ports as well as for extreme events such as storm surges and tsunamis. Along with satellite altimeter measurements, tide gauges also provide measurements used for sea-level rise estimates. This is particularly important for impact assessment in low-lying coastlines of south Asia as well as islands such as the Maldives in the Indian Ocean.
Programme: 688
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Denis Mercier, Dominique Laffly. (2003). (Vol. 80).
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Papierok B., Dedryver C.-A., Hullé M.. (2016). First records of aphid-pathogenic Entomophthorales in the sub-Antarctic archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen. Polar research, 35.
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. (2020). Low Cost and Compact FMCW 24 GHz Radar Applications for Snowpack and Ice Thickness Measurements (Vol. 20).
Keywords: Antarctica Arctic snow tundra Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar lake ice thickness snow boreal forest snow density snow monitoring snow water equivalent snow wetness subarctic snow taiga
Programme: 1110
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. (2023). Towards Operational Fiducial Reference Measurement (FRM) Data for the Calibration and Validation of the Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission over Inland Waters, Sea Ice, and Land Ice (Vol. 15).
Abstract: The Copernicus Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission (STM) Land Altimetry provides valuable surface elevation information over inland waters, sea ice, and land ice, thanks to its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimeter and its orbit that covers high-latitude polar regions. To ensure that these measurements are reliable and to maximise the return on investment, adequate validation of the geophysical retrieval methods, processing algorithms, and corrections must be performed using independent observations. The EU-ESA project St3TART (started July 2021) aims to generalise the concept of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRMs) for the Copernicus Sentinel-3 STM. This work has gathered existing data, made new observations during field campaigns, and ensured that these observations meet the criteria of FRM standards so that they can be used to validate Sentinel-3 STM Land Altimetry products operationally. A roadmap for the operational provision of the FRM, including the definition, consolidation, and identification of the most relevant and cost-effective methods and protocols to be maintained, supported, or implemented, has been developed. The roadmap includes guidelines for SI traceability, definitions of FRM measurement procedures, processing methods, and uncertainty budget estimations.
Keywords: FRM inland water surface height land ice height S3 land STM SAR altimeter sea ice thickness uncertainties
Programme: 411
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Alexander A. Kokhanovsky, Maximillian Brell, Karl Segl, Giovanni Bianchini, Christian Lanconelli, Angelo Lupi, Boyan Petkov, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Robert S. Stone, Sabine Chabrillat. (2023). First Retrievals of Surface and Atmospheric Properties Using EnMAP Measurements over Antarctica (Vol. 15).
Abstract: The paper presents the first retrievals of clean snow properties using spaceborne hyperspectral observations via the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP). The location close to the Concordia station at the Dome C Plateau (Antarctica) was selected. At this location, the atmospheric effects (except molecular light scattering and absorption) are weak, and the simplified atmospheric correction scheme could be applied. The ice grain size, snow specific surface area, and snow spectral and broadband albedos were retrieved using single-view EnMAP measurements. In addition, we propose a technique to retrieve trace gas concentrations (e.g., water vapor and ozone) from EnMAP observations over the snow surfaces. A close correspondence of satellite and ground-measured parameters was found.
Keywords: ice grain size light scattering radiative transfer snow albedo snow remote sensing
Programme: 1110
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. (2023). Ground-Based Oblique-View Photogrammetry and Sentinel-1 Spaceborne RADAR Reflectivity Snow Melt Processes Assessment on an Arctic Glacier (Vol. 15).
Keywords: arctic cold region hydrology melting processes Sentinel-1 snowpack properties
Programme: 1108
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Alexander Kokhanovsky, Simon Gascoin, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard. (2021). Retrieval of Snow Albedo and Total Ozone Column from Single-View MSI/S-2 Spectral Reflectance Measurements over Antarctica (Vol. 13).
Keywords: albedo inverse problems light scattering radiative transfer snow snow grain size
Programme: 1110
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. (2021). (Vol. 13).
Abstract: The global climate shift currently underway has significant impacts on both the quality and quantity of snow precipitation. This directly influences the spatial variability of the snowpack as well as cumulative snow height. Contemporary glacier retreat reorganizes periglacial morphology: while the glacier area decreases, the moraine area increases. The latter is becoming a new water storage potential that is almost as important as the glacier itself, but with considerably more complex topography. Hence, this work fills one of the missing variables of the hydrological budget equation of an arctic glacier basin by providing an estimate of the snow water equivalent (SWE) of the moraine contribution. Such a result is achieved by investigating Structure from Motion (SfM) image processing that is applied to pictures collected from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a method for producing snow depth maps over the proglacial moraine area. Several UAV campaigns were carried out on a small glacial basin in Spitsbergen (Arctic): the measurements were made at the maximum snow accumulation season (late April), while the reference topography maps were acquired at the end of the hydrological year (late September) when the moraine is mostly free of snow. The snow depth is determined from Digital Surface Model (DSM) subtraction. Utilizing dedicated and natural ground control points for relative positioning of the DSMs, the relative DSM georeferencing with sub-meter accuracy removes the main source of uncertainty when assessing snow depth. For areas where snow is deposited on bare rock surfaces, the correlation between avalanche probe in-situ snow depth measurements and DSM differences is excellent. Differences in ice covered areas between the two measurement techniques are attributed to the different quantities measured: while the former only measures snow accumulation, the latter includes all of the ice accumulation during winter through which the probe cannot penetrate, in addition to the snow cover. When such inconsistencies are observed, icing thicknesses are the source of the discrepancy that is observed between avalanche probe snow cover depth measurements and differences of DSMs.
Keywords: arctic cryosphere moraine photogrammetry snow water equivalent snowcover spatial dynamics UAV-SfM
Programme: 1108
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Rajesh Janardanan, Shamil Maksyutov, Aki Tsuruta, Fenjuan Wang, Yogesh K. Tiwari, Vinu Valsala, Akihiko Ito, Yukio Yoshida, Johannes W. Kaiser, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Mikhail Arshinov, Motoki Sasakawa, Yasunori Tohjima, Douglas E. J. Worthy, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Michel Ramonet, Jgor Arduini, Jost V. Lavric, Salvatore Piacentino, Paul B. Krummel, Ray L. Langenfelds, Ivan Mammarella, Tsuneo Matsunaga. (2020). Country-Scale Analysis of Methane Emissions with a High-Resolution Inverse Model Using GOSAT and Surface Observations (Vol. 12).
Keywords: anthropogenic GOSAT inverse model methane emission UNFCCC wetland
Programme: 416
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