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Author |
É Bernard, J. M. Friedt, F. Tolle, Ch Marlin, M. Griselin |
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Title |
Using a small COTS UAV to quantify moraine dynamics induced by climate shift in Arctic environments |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
International Journal of Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
8-10 |
Pages |
2480-2494 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Arctic regions are known to be places where climate shift yields the most visible consequences. In this context, glaciers and their environment are highly subject to global warming effects. New dynamics are observed and the behaviour of arctic systems (such as glaciers, moraines, beaches, etc.) changes at rates visible over yearly observations. According to recent works on climate change impacts on the cryosphere, short/violent events are recently observed and are one characteristic of these changes. As a consequence, an accelerating rate of glacial and pro-glacial activity is observed, especially at the end of each hydrological season (early fall). As an example, many phases of streamflow increase/decrease are observed, transforming glacier outflows, moraine morphology, and re-organizing intra-moraine processes. Within only a few days, the morphology of some parts of the moraine can be completely changed. In order to observe and quantify these processes, reactive methods of survey are needed. That is why the use of commercial off the shelf – DJI Phantom3 Professional – unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for aerial photography acquisition combined with structure from motion analysis and digital elevation model computation were chosen. The robust architecture of this platform makes it well suited as a reliable picture acquisition system for high resolution (sub-decimetre) imaging. These increasingly popular methods, at a convergence of technologies including inertial guidance systems, long lasting batteries, and available computational power (both embedded and for image processing), allow to fly and to acquire data whatever the conditions of cloud cover. Furthermore, data acquisition is much more flexible than traditional satellite imagery: several flights can be performed in order to obtain the best conditions/acquisitions at a high spatiotemporal resolution. Moreover, the low-flying UAV yielding high picture resolution allows to generate high-resolution digital elevation models, and therefore, to measure accurately dynamics on the field with decimetre resolution in all three directions. Our objective is to show an experimental campaign of small UAV data acquisition in an arctic basin (Austre Lovén glacier, Svalbard, 78°N) separated by a few days. Knowing the changing conditions at this period, similar UAV flights have been reiterated in order to catch moraine dynamics. This allowed us to select two sets of images whose processing highlights and quantifies morphological changes into the moraine while a rain event occurred between two cold periods. |
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1108,1111 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0143-1161 |
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yes |
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7245 |
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Juliana A. Vianna, Flávia A. N. Fernandes, María José Frugone, Henrique V. Figueiró, Luis R. Pertierra, Daly Noll, Ke Bi, Cynthia Y. Wang-Claypool, Andrew Lowther, Patricia Parker, Celine Le Bohec, Francesco Bonadonna, Barbara Wienecke, Pierre Pistorius, Antje Steinfurth, Christopher P. Burridge, Gisele P. M. Dantas, Elie Poulin, W. Brian Simison, Jim Henderson, Eduardo Eizirik, Mariana F. Nery, Rauri C. K. Bowie |
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Title |
Genome-wide analyses reveal drivers of penguin diversification |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
36 |
Pages |
22281-22292 |
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Keywords |
ancestral distribution ancestral niche Antarctica genome penguin |
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Abstract |
Penguins are the only extant family of flightless diving birds. They currently comprise at least 18 species, distributed from polar to tropical environments in the Southern Hemisphere. The history of their diversification and adaptation to these diverse environments remains controversial. We used 22 new genomes from 18 penguin species to reconstruct the order, timing, and location of their diversification, to track changes in their thermal niches through time, and to test for associated adaptation across the genome. Our results indicate that the penguin crown-group originated during the Miocene in New Zealand and Australia, not in Antarctica as previously thought, and that Aptenodytes is the sister group to all other extant penguin species. We show that lineage diversification in penguins was largely driven by changing climatic conditions and by the opening of the Drake Passage and associated intensification of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Penguin species have introgressed throughout much of their evolutionary history, following the direction of the ACC, which might have promoted dispersal and admixture. Changes in thermal niches were accompanied by adaptations in genes that govern thermoregulation and oxygen metabolism. Estimates of ancestral effective population sizes (Ne) confirm that penguins are sensitive to climate shifts, as represented by three different demographic trajectories in deeper time, the most common (in 11 of 18 penguin species) being an increased Ne between 40 and 70 kya, followed by a precipitous decline during the Last Glacial Maximum. The latter effect is most likely a consequence of the overall decline in marine productivity following the last glaciation. |
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Programme |
137,354 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0027-8424, 1091-6490 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7780 |
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Author |
Geng Lei, Alexander Becky, Cole-Dai Jihong, Steig Eric J, Savarino Joël, Sofen Eric D, Schauer Andrew J, |
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Title |
Nitrogen isotopes in ice core nitrate linked to anthropogenic atmospheric acidity change
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
5808 -5812 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Nitrogen stable isotope ratio (δ15N) in Greenland snow nitrate and in North American remote lake sediments has decreased gradually beginning as early as ∼1850 Christian Era. This decrease was attributed to increasing atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic nitrate, reflecting an anthropogenic impact on the global nitrogen cycle, and the impact was thought to be amplified ∼1970. However, our subannually resolved ice core records of δ15N and major ions (e.g., Graphic, Graphic) over the last ∼200 y show that the decrease in δ15N is not always associated with increasing Graphic concentrations, and the decreasing trend actually leveled off ∼1970. Correlation of δ15N with H+, Graphic, and HNO3 concentrations, combined with nitrogen isotope fractionation models, suggests that the δ15N decrease from ∼1850–1970 was mainly caused by an anthropogenic-driven increase in atmospheric acidity through alteration of the gas−particle partitioning of atmospheric nitrate. The concentrations of Graphic and Graphic also leveled off ∼1970, reflecting the effect of air pollution mitigation strategies in North America on anthropogenic NOx and SO2 emissions. The consequent atmospheric acidity change, as reflected in the ice core record of H+ concentrations, is likely responsible for the leveling off of δ15N ∼1970, which, together with the leveling off of Graphic concentrations, suggests a regional mitigation of anthropogenic impact on the nitrogen cycle. Our results highlight the importance of atmospheric processes in controlling δ15N of nitrate and should be considered when using δ15N as a source indicator to study atmospheric flux of nitrate to land surface/ecosystems. |
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Programme |
1011 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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0027-8424 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4922 |
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Author |
Teets N M, Peyton J T, Colinet H, Renault D, Kelley J L, Kawarasaki Y, Lee R E, Denlinger D L, |
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Title |
Gene expression changes governing extreme dehydration tolerance in an Antarctic insect
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
109 |
Issue |
50 |
Pages |
20744-20749 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
136 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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0027-8424 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4258 |
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Author |
Shaheen Robina, Abauanza Mariana, Jackson Teresa L, McCabe Justin, Savarino Joel, Thiemens Mark H, |
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Title |
Tales of volcanoes and El-Niño southern oscillations with the oxygen isotope anomaly of sulfate aerosol
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
110 |
Issue |
44 |
Pages |
17662-17667 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1011 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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0027-8424 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4473 |
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Author |
Charrassin, J.B., Hindell, M., Rintoul, S.R., Roquet, F., Sokolov,S., Biuw, M., Costa D., Boehme, L.,Lovell, P., Coleman R., Timmerman, R., Meijers A., Meredith M., Park Y.H., Bailleul F., Tremblay Y., Bost C.A., McMahon C.R., Field I.C., Fedak M.A. , Guinet C. |
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Title |
Southern Ocean frontal structure and sea ice formation rates revealed by elephant seals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
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Volume |
105 |
Issue |
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Pages |
11634-11639 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Polar regions are particularly sensitive to climate change, with the potential for significant feedbacks between ocean circulation, sea ice, and the ocean carbon cycle. However, the difficulty in obtaining in situ data means that our ability to detect and interpret change is very limited, especially in the Southern Ocean, where the ocean beneath the sea ice remains almost entirely unobserved and the rate of sea-ice formation is poorly known. Here, we show that southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) equipped with oceanographic sensors can measure ocean structure and water mass changes in regions and seasons rarely observed with traditional oceanographic platforms. In particular, seals provided a 30-fold increase in hydrographic profiles from the sea-ice zone, allowing the major fronts to be mapped south of 60°S and sea-ice formation rates to be inferred from changes in upper ocean salinity. Sea-ice production rates peaked in early winter (April–May) during the rapid northward expansion of the pack ice and declined by a factor of 2 to 3 between May and August, in agreement with a three-dimensional coupled ocean–sea-ice model. By measuring the high-latitude ocean during winter, elephant seals fill a “blind spot” in our sampling coverage, enabling the establishment of a truly global ocean-observing system. |
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Programme |
109;394;452 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0027-8424 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4949 |
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Author |
Delmonte B., Petit J.R., Basile Doelsch I., Lipenkov V.Y.a. & Maggi V. |
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Title |
First characterization and dating of East Antarctic bedrock inclusions from subglacial Lake Vostok acccreted ice. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Environmental chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Chem. |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-5 |
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Abstract |
The Vostok (East Antarctica, 78°S, 106°E) ice core preserves, below the meteoric ice keeping the climatic memory of the last 420?000 years, ice formed by freezing of subglacial Lake Vostok water. This latter contains some bedrock fragments representing unique samples for the geological investigation of the East Antarctic Plateau, covered by ~2–4 km of ice. The first geochemical (87Sr/86Sr versus 143Nd/144Nd) and mineralogical characterization of these inclusions as well as the dating of one of them (Nd model age on whole-rock sample) has given evidence for a Mid-Proterozoic age of the basement lying below the ice sheet, consistent with recent geophysical data. The geochemical characteristics of bedrock inclusions within the accreted ice zone are markedly different from those of the mineral dust of aeolian origin archived in the uppermost part of the Vostok ice core and originating from deflation of the Southern Hemisphere continents, and easily discriminates between the two contributions. |
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355 |
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ISSN |
1448-2517 |
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yes |
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2605 |
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Author |
Friedt J-M, Retornaz T, Alzuaga S, Baron T, Martin G, Laroche T, Ballandras S, Griselin M, Simonnet J-P, |
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Title |
Surface acoustic wave devices as passive buried sensors
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Physics |
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Volume |
109 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
034905-9 |
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Keywords |
delay lines, electrical conductivity, ground penetrating radar, moisture, permittivity, surface acoustic wave sensors, temperature measurement, wireless sensor networks, |
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Programme |
304 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
AIP |
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0021-8979 |
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yes |
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3116 |
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Author |
Biagini Philippe, Thèves Catherine, Balaresque Patricia, Géraut Annie, Cannet Catherine, Keyser Christine, Nikolaeva Dariya, Gérard Patrice, Duchesne Sylvie, Orlando Ludovic, Willerslev Eske, Alekseev Anatoly N, de Micco Philippe, Ludes Bertrand, Crubézy Eric, |
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Title |
Variola Virus in a 300-Year-Old Siberian Mummy
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
367 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
2057-2059 |
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Abstract |
To the Editor: Smallpox, which is caused by the variola virus of the Poxviridae family and the orthopoxvirus genus, is among the most devastating human diseases. It may have originated and spread from Egypt, the Near East, or the Indus Valley 3000 to 4000 years ago, and historical reports indicate epidemics in China as early as the first century A.D. and in Europe during the 6th century. By the mid-18th century, smallpox was a worldwide endemic disease. It was eradicated after vaccination campaigns began more than 200 years ago.1 Variola DNA is about 186 kbp, with genes distributed across conserved . . . |
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Programme |
1038 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0028-4793 |
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yes |
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4265 |
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Author |
Gadea A., Le Dévéhat F., Le Lamer A.c., Le Pogam P., Ertz D., Charrier M., Boustie J. |
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Title |
Sectorial land snail damage to the lichen Argopsis friesiana could be explained by metabolite profiles |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Joint natural products conference, copenhague, danemark, 24-27/07/2016 |
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Programme |
136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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6619 |
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