Abstract: The H2O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometers (HAMSTRAD) program aims to develop a ground-based microwave radiometer to measure tropospheric water vapor and temperature vertical profiles above the Dome C station, Concordia, Antarctica. The present article deals with the scientific results obtained with the vertical profiles of H2O and temperature from 0 to 10 km above the station coupled with other data sets (in situ, satellite, radiosonde, analyses and mesoscale model). The short-term variability (diurnal variation) has been studied in the lowermost troposphere according to the season to highlight the time evolution of the different sub-layers within the atmospheric boundary layer. Considering back-trajectory studies, the intra-seasonal variability of H2O and temperature in the troposphere comes mainly from the origin of air masses reaching the Dome C station, oceanic or continental, producing a high correlation rate between H2O and temperature. In a case study, a mesoscale model tends to calculate a wetter and warmer atmosphere than observations in the atmospheric boundary layer.