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Author |
Marais A, Faure C, Candresse T, Hullé M, |
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Title |
First Report of Nasturtium as a Natural Host of Cherry leaf roll virus on Amsterdam Island
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
PLANT DISEASE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Dis. |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
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Pages |
477 |
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Abstract |
Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) is a well-known virus belonging to the genus Nepovirus, but unlike most members of this genus, it is not known to be transmitted by nematodes but only through seeds and pollen. Since its first description in 1955 on Prunus avium L. in England (1), CLRV has been shown to have a worldwide distribution and a wide natural host range. During a survey of plant viruses in the French sub-Antarctic islands, samples from nasturtium plants (Tropaeolum majus), an introduced plant species, showing symptoms of leaf mosaic, deformation, and veinal necrosis were collected on Amsterdam Island. Upon mechanical transmission with sap extracts, necrotic ringspot and oak-leaf symptoms typical of Nepovirus infection were observed on the leaves of inoculated Nicotiana clevelandii and N. tabacum plants. Inoculation of healthy nasturtium plants resulted in mosaic and pin-point necrosis symptoms. Electron microscopy on negatively stained sap extracts revealed the presence of icosahedral virions, 28 to ...
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136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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The American Phytopathological Society |
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0191-2917 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2661 |
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Author |
Claudio A. González-Wevar, Mathias Hüne, Sebastián Rosenfeld, Tomoyuki Nakano, Thomas Saucède, Hamish Spencer, Elie Poulin |
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Title |
Systematic revision of Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) based on a complete phylogeny of the genus, with the description of a new species from the southern tip of South America |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
186 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
303-336 |
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Abstract |
True limpets of the genus Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) include at least 11 nominal species distributed in different provinces of the Southern Ocean. Here, we present new molecular analyses and a comprehensive morphological revision of Nacella confirming the validity of all the currently recognized species, but with important amendments to the published distributions of several. We also show that specimens collected along two fjords in the Beagle Channel, southern South America, constitute a new taxon: Nacella yaghana sp. nov. The phylogenetic position of this new taxon in our molecular tree reveals that it represents an ancestral South American lineage of Nacella, markedly separated from the previously recognized and evolutionary recent Magellanic radiation. In addition, this new Nacella species was clearly distinguished from the rest of the species by morphological comparisons, including shell characteristics, radular-tooth shape and configuration, as well as by the coloration pattern of the mantle tentacles. This study provides new evidence about the evolutionary history of this important Southern Ocean, marine, near-shore benthic group and the role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the biogeography of the genus. |
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Programme |
1044 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0024-4082 |
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yes |
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7103 |
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Author |
Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Natasha Henschke, Brian P. V. Hunt, Gabriele Stowasser, Yves Cherel |
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Title |
Utility of salps as a baseline proxy for food web studies |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Plankton Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-11 |
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Abstract |
Abstract. IIn recent years, pelagic tunicates (mostly salps, but potentially doliolids, appendicularians and pyrosomes as well) have been used in isotopic studies as a baseline consumer (trophic position 2) when recreating food web dynamics to overcome the challenges of using particulate organic matter (POM). While pelagic tunicates are continuous filter feeders, recent evidence has shown that they have selective feeding behaviors, and preferentially assimilate certain particles. In this review, we combine available stable isotope data for POM and pelagic tunicates and identify that trophic enrichment in 13C and 15N relative to POM is highly variable, and suggests tunicates prefer to consume smaller, heterotrophic organisms. Here we propose that it is not appropriate to consider pelagic tunicates as representative first level consumers in the classical pelagic food web in stable isotope analyses. Rather it needs acknowledgment that they are members of the microbial food web, and thus reflect an alternate food chain. |
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Programme |
109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0142-7873 |
ISBN |
0142-7873 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7517 |
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Author |
Degletagne Cyril, Keime Celine, Rey Benjamin, de Dinechin Marc, Forcheron Fabien, Chuchana Paul, Jouventin Pierre, Gautier Christian, Duchamp Claude, |
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Title |
Transcriptome analysis in non-model species: a new method for the analysis of heterologous hybridization on microarrays |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
BMC Genomics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
344 |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND:Recent developments in high-throughput methods of analyzing transcriptomic profiles are promising for many areas of biology, including ecophysiology. However, although commercial microarrays are available for most common laboratory models, transcriptome analysis in non-traditional model species still remains a challenge. Indeed, the signal resulting from heterologous hybridization is low and difficult to interpret because of the weak complementarity between probe and target sequences, especially when no microarray dedicated to a genetically close species is available.RESULTS:We show here that transcriptome analysis in a species genetically distant from laboratory models is made possible by using MAXRS, a new method of analyzing heterologous hybridization on microarrays. This method takes advantage of the design of several commercial microarrays, with different probes targeting the same transcript. To illustrate and test this method, we analyzed the transcriptome of king penguin pectoralis muscle hybridized to Affymetrix chicken microarrays, two organisms separated by an evolutionary distance of approximately 100 million years. The differential gene expression observed between different physiological situations computed by MAXRS was confirmed by real-time PCR on 10 genes out of 11 tested.CONCLUSIONS:MAXRS appears to be an appropriate method for gene expression analysis under heterologous hybridization conditions. |
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Programme |
131 |
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Kluwer Academic Publishers |
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ISSN |
1471-2164 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
133 |
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Author |
Juan F. Masello, Petra Quillfeldt, Edson Sandoval-Castellanos, Rachael Alderman, Luciano Calderón, Yves Cherel, Theresa L. Cole, Richard J. Cuthbert, Manuel Marin, Melanie Massaro, Joan Navarro, Richard A. Phillips, Peter G. Ryan, Lara D. Shepherd, Cristián G. Suazo, Henri Weimerskirch, Yoshan Moodley |
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Title |
Additive Traits Lead to Feeding Advantage and Reproductive Isolation, Promoting Homoploid Hybrid Speciation |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Molecular Biology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1671-1685 |
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Abstract |
Abstract. Speciation through homoploid hybridization (HHS) is considered extremely rare in animals. This is mainly because the establishment of reproductive isolation as a product of hybridization is uncommon. Additionally, many traits are underpinned by polygeny and/or incomplete dominance, where the hybrid phenotype is an additive blend of parental characteristics. Phenotypically intermediate hybrids are usually at a fitness disadvantage compared with parental species and tend to vanish through backcrossing with parental population(s). It is therefore unknown whether the additive nature of hybrid traits in itself could lead successfully to HHS. Using a multi-marker genetic data set and a meta-analysis of diet and morphology, we investigated a potential case of HHS in the prions (Pachyptila spp.), seabirds distinguished by their bills, prey choice, and timing of breeding. Using approximate Bayesian computation, we show that the medium-billed Salvin’s prion (Pachyptila salvini) could be a hybrid between the narrow-billed Antarctic prion (Pachyptila desolata) and broad-billed prion (Pachyptila vittata). Remarkably, P. salvini’s intermediate bill width has given it a feeding advantage with respect to the other Pachyptila species, allowing it to consume a broader range of prey, potentially increasing its fitness. Available metadata showed that P. salvini is also intermediate in breeding phenology and, with no overlap in breeding times, it is effectively reproductively isolated from either parental species through allochrony. These results provide evidence for a case of HHS in nature, and show for the first time that additivity of divergent parental traits alone can lead directly to increased hybrid fitness and reproductive isolation. |
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Programme |
109 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0737-4038 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7637 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hila Levy, Steven R Fiddaman, Juliana A Vianna, Daly Noll, Gemma V Clucas, Jasmine K H Sidhu, Michael J Polito, Charles A Bost, Richard A Phillips, Sarah Crofts, Gary D Miller, Pierre Pistorius, Francesco Bonnadonna, Céline Le Bohec, Andrés Barbosa, Phil Trathan, Andrea Raya Rey, Laurent A F Frantz, Tom Hart, Adrian L Smit |
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Title |
Evidence of Pathogen-Induced Immunogenetic Selection across the Large Geographic Range of a Wild Seabird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Molecular Biology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1708-1726 |
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Keywords |
immunogenetics, positive selection, Toll-like receptors, pathogen-mediated selection, Antarctica and Southern Ocean, Gentoo penguin |
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Abstract |
Over evolutionary time, pathogen challenge shapes the immune phenotype of the host to better respond to an incipient threat. The extent and direction of this selection pressure depend on the local pathogen composition, which is in turn determined by biotic and abiotic features of the environment. However, little is known about adaptation to local pathogen threats in wild animals. The Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a species complex that lends itself to the study of immune adaptation because of its circumpolar distribution over a large latitudinal range, with little or no admixture between different clades. In this study, we examine the diversity in a key family of innate immune genes—the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)—across the range of the Gentoo penguin. The three TLRs that we investigated present varying levels of diversity, with TLR4 and TLR5 greatly exceeding the diversity of TLR7. We present evidence of positive selection in TLR4 and TLR5, which points to pathogen-driven adaptation to the local pathogen milieu. Finally, we demonstrate that two positively selected cosegregating sites in TLR5 are sufficient to alter the responsiveness of the receptor to its bacterial ligand, flagellin. Taken together, these results suggest that Gentoo penguins have experienced distinct pathogen-driven selection pressures in different environments, which may be important given the role of the Gentoo penguin as a sentinel species in some of the world’s most rapidly changing environments. |
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Programme |
137,354 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0737-4038 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7663 |
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Author |
David Grémillet, Damien Chevallier, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Big data approaches to the spatial ecology and conservation of marine megafauna |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ICES Journal of Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
79 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
975-986 |
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Abstract |
Satellite remote-sensing and wildlife tracking allow researchers to record rapidly increasing volumes of information on the spatial ecology of marine megafauna in the context of global change. This field of investigation is thereby entering the realm of big data science: Information technology allows the design of completely new frameworks for acquiring, storing, sharing, analysing, visualizing, and publicizing data. This review aims at framing the importance of big data for the conservation of marine megafauna, through intimate knowledge of the spatial ecology of these threatened, charismatic animals. We first define marine megafauna and big data science, before detailing the technological breakthroughs leading to pioneering “big data” studies. We then describe the workflow from acquiring megafauna tracking data to the identification and the prediction of their critical habitats under global changes, leading to marine spatial planning and political negotiations. Finally, we outline future objectives for big data studies, which should not take the form of a blind technological race forward, but of a coordinated, worldwide approach to megafauna spatial ecology, based on regular gap analyses, with care for ethical and environmental implications. Employing big data science for the efficient conservation of marine megafauna will also require inventing new pathways from research to action. |
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Programme |
109,388,1201 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1054-3139 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8332 |
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Author |
Boulinier, T., Kada, S., Ponchon, A., Dupraz, M., Dietrich, M., Gamble, A., Bourret, V., Duriez, O., Bazire, R., Tornos, J., Tveraa, T., Chambert, T., Garnier, R. & McCoy, K.D. |
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Title |
Migration, prospecting, dispersal? What host movement matters for infectious agent circulation? |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
330-42 |
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Abstract |
Spatial disease ecology is emerging as a new field that requires the integration of complementary approaches to address how the distribution and movements of hosts and parasites may condition the dynamics of their interactions. In this context, migration, the seasonal movement of animals to different zones of their distribution, is assumed to play a key role in the broad scale circulation of parasites and pathogens. Nevertheless, migration is not the only type of host movement that can influence the spatial ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of infectious diseases. Dispersal, the movement of individuals between the location where they were born or bred to a location where they breed, has attracted attention as another important type of movement for the spatial dynamics of infectious diseases. Host dispersal has notably been identified as a key factor for the evolution of host–parasite interactions as it implies gene flow among local host populations and thus can alter patterns of coevolution with infectious agents across spatial scales. However, not all movements between host populations lead to dispersal per se. One type of host movement that has been neglected, but that may also play a role in parasite spread is prospecting, i.e., movements targeted at selecting and securing new habitat for future breeding. Prospecting movements, which have been studied in detail in certain social species, could result in the dispersal of infectious agents among different host populations without necessarily involving host dispersal. In this article, we outline how these various types of host movements might influence the circulation of infectious disease agents and discuss methodological approaches that could be used to assess their importance. We specifically focus on examples from work on colonial seabirds, ticks, and tick-borne infectious agents. These are convenient biological models because they are strongly spatially structured and involve relatively simple communities of interacting species. Overall, this review emphasizes that explicit consideration of the behavioral and population ecology of hosts and parasites is required to disentangle the relative roles of different types of movement for the spread of infectious diseases. |
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Programme |
1151 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1540-7063 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
6486 |
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Author |
L. Gualtieri, E. Stutzmann, C. Juretzek, C. Hadziioannou, F. Ardhuin |
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Title |
Global scale analysis and modelling of primary microseisms |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
218 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
560-572 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Primary microseism is the less studied seismic background vibration of the Earth. Evidence points to sources caused by ocean gravity waves coupling with the seafloor topography. As a result, these sources should be in water depth smaller than the wavelength of ocean waves. Using a state-of-the-art ocean wave model, we carry out the first global-scale seismic modelling of the vertical-component power spectral density of primary microseisms. Our modelling allows us to infer that the observed weak seasonality of primary microseisms in the southern hemisphere corresponds to a weak local seasonality of the sources. Moreover, a systematic analysis of the source regions that mostly contribute to each station reveals that stations on both the east and west sides of the North Atlantic Ocean are sensitive to frequency-dependent source regions. At low frequency (i.e. 0.05 Hz), the dominant source regions can be located thousands of kilometres away from the stations. This observation suggests that identifying the source regions of primary microseisms at the closest coasts can be misleading. |
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Programme |
133 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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ISSN |
0956-540X |
ISBN |
0956-540X |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7478 |
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Author |
Andrea Berbellini, Martin Schimmel, Ana MG Ferreira, Andrea Morelli |
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Title |
Constraining S-wave velocity using Rayleigh wave ellipticity from polarization analysis of seismic noise |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
216 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1817-1830 |
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Abstract |
SUMMARY. We develop a new method for measuring ellipticity of Rayleigh waves from ambient noise records by degree-of-polarization (DOP) analysis. The new method, named DOP-E, shows a good capability to retrieve accurate ellipticity curves separated from incoherent noise. In order to validate the method we perform synthetic tests simulating noise in a 1-D earth model. We also perform measurements on real data from Antarctica and Northern Italy. Observed curves show a good fit with measurements from earthquake records and with theoretical ellipticity curves. The inversion of real data measurements for vS structure shows a good agreement with previous models. In particular, the shear-wave structure beneath Concordia station shows no evidence of a significant layer of liquid water at the base of the ice. The new method can be used to measure ellipticity at high frequency and therefore it will allow the imaging of near-surface structure, and possibly of temporal changes in subsurface properties. It promises to be useful to study near-surface processes in a wide range of geological settings, such as volcanoes, fault zones and glaciers. |
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Programme |
133 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0956-540X |
ISBN |
0956-540X |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7442 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
