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Gilles Alphonse Durand; Vincent Minier; Pierre-Olivier Lagage; Emanuele Daddi; Samir El Khouloudi; Nicola Schneider-Bontemps; Michel Talvard; Christian Veyssière; Gilles André Durand; Christian Walter; Lucia Sabbatini; Zalpha Challita; John W. |
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Title |
Toward a large telescope facility for submm/FIR astronomy at Dome C |
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Conference - International - Article with Reading Comitee |
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2008 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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7012 |
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70122B |
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Submillimetre astronomy is the prime technique to unveil the birth and early evolution of stars and galaxies in the local and distant Universe. Preliminary meteorological studies and atmospheric transmission models tend to demonstrate that Dome C might offer atmosphere conditions that open the 200-µm atmospheric windows, and could potentially be a site for a large ground-based telescope facility. However, Antarctic climate conditions might also severely impact and deform any telescope mirror and hardware. We present prerequisite conditions and their associate experiments for defining a large telescope facility for submillimetre astronomy at Dome C: (1) Whether the submm/THz atmospheric windows open from 200 µm during a large and stable fraction of time; (2) The knowledge of thermal gradient and (3) icing formation and their impact on a telescope mirror and hardware. This paper will present preliminary results on current experiments that measure icing, thermal gradient and sky opacity at Dome C. We finally discuss a possible roadmap toward the deployment of a large telescope facility at Dome C. |
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1040 |
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yes |
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5398 |
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Léandre Ponthus, Michel de Saint Blanquat, Damien Guillaume, Marc Le Romancer, Norman Pearson, Suzanne O’Reilly, Michel Grégoire |
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Title |
Plutonic processes in transitional oceanic plateau crust: Structure, age and emplacement of the South Rallier du Baty laccolith, Kerguelen Islands |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Terra Nova |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
408-414 |
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Keywords |
alkaline magmatism Kerguelen oceanic plateau pluton emplacement syenite intrusion |
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Abstract |
The syenitic rocks of South Rallier du Baty Intrusive Complex (SRBIC) represent intrusions into the oceanic plateau basalts of the south-western Kerguelen Islands. The SRBIC was previously interpreted as a typical ring complex due to magma emplacement with cauldron subsidence. Our new structural and geochronological data reveal that it is a laccolith built between 11.6 and 7.9 Ma by successive injections of magma sheets around the crust–mantle boundary, with an average injection rate between 0.8 and 1.4 × 10−4 km3/year. These results establish strong similarities between the SRBIC, the only recorded example of a felsic laccolith in an oceanic intraplate setting, and many continental plutons emplaced in various geodynamic setting. The SRBIC thus has the characteristics of a continental plutonic complex emplaced in an oceanic plateau crust. We postulate the critical parameter relevant to causing such similarities and plutonic magmatism is crustal thickness. |
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444-1077 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1365-3121 |
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yes |
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8270 |
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Bernard Éric, Friedt J. M., Tolle F., Griselin M., Marlin Ch., Prokop A. |
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Title |
Investigating snowpack volumes and icing dynamics in the moraine of an Arctic catchment using UAV photogrammetry |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
The Photogrammetric Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
160 |
Pages |
497-512 |
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Programme |
1108,1111 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0031-868X |
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0031-868X |
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yes |
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6963 |
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Author |
Andreas Prinzing, Wim A. Ozinga, Martin Brändle, Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Françoise Hennion, Conrad Labandeira, Christian Parisod, Mickael Pihain, Igor V. Bartish |
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Title |
Benefits from living together? Clades whose species use similar habitats may persist as a result of eco-evolutionary feedbacks |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
213 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
66-82 |
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Keywords |
assembly of present and fossil communities competition conservation biology enemy pressure and mutualism of coexisting species evolution and conservatism hybridization niche breadth |
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Abstract |
Contents 66 I. 67 II. 68 III. 69 IV. 70 V. 73 VI. 75 VII. 77 78 References 78 Summary Recent decades have seen declines of entire plant clades while other clades persist despite changing environments. We suggest that one reason why some clades persist is that species within these clades use similar habitats, because such similarity may increase the degree of co-occurrence of species within clades. Traditionally, co-occurrence among clade members has been suggested to be disadvantageous because of increased competition and enemy pressure. Here, we hypothesize that increased co-occurrence among clade members promotes mutualist exchange, niche expansion or hybridization, thereby helping species avoid population decline from environmental change. We review the literature and analyse published data for hundreds of plant clades (genera) within a well-studied region and find major differences in the degree to which species within clades occupy similar habitats. We tentatively show that, in clades for which species occupy similar habitats, species tend to exhibit increased co-occurrence, mutualism, niche expansion, and hybridization – and rarely decline. Consistently, throughout the geological past, clades whose species occupied similar habitats often persisted through long time-spans. Overall, for many plant species, the occupation of similar habitats among fellow clade members apparently reduced their vulnerability to environmental change. Future research should identify when and how this previously unrecognized eco-evolutionary feedback operates. |
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136,1116 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1469-8137 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7738 |
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Author |
Eidesen Pernille Bronken, Ehrich Dorothee, Bakkestuen Vegar, Alsos Inger Greve, Gilg Oliver, Taberlet Pierre, Brochmann Christian |
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Title |
Genetic roadmap of the Arctic: plant dispersal highways, traffic barriers and capitals of diversity |
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Journal |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
200 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
898-910 |
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Keywords |
amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) Arctic comparative phylogeography genetic diversity genetic structure geographical information system (GIS) plant dispersal refugia |
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Abstract |
Summary We provide the first comparative multispecies analysis of spatial genetic structure and diversity in the circumpolar Arctic using a common strategy for sampling and genetic analyses. We aimed to identify and explain potential general patterns of genetic discontinuity/connectivity and diversity, and to compare our findings with previously published hypotheses. We collected and analyzed 7707 samples of 17 widespread arctic?alpine plant species for amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Genetic structure, diversity and distinctiveness were analyzed for each species, and extrapolated to cover the geographic range of each species. The resulting maps were overlaid to produce metamaps. The Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, the Greenlandic ice cap, the Urals, and lowland areas between southern mountain ranges and the Arctic were the strongest barriers against gene flow. Diversity was highest in Beringia and gradually decreased into formerly glaciated areas. The highest degrees of distinctiveness were observed in Siberia. We conclude that large?scale general patterns exist in the Arctic, shaped by the Pleistocene glaciations combined with long?standing physical barriers against gene flow. Beringia served as both refugium and source for interglacial (re)colonization, whereas areas further west in Siberia served as refugia, but less as sources for (re)colonization. |
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Programme |
1036 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0028-646X |
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yes |
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Serial |
6949 |
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Author |
Dietrich Muriel, Kempf Florent, Boulinier Thierry, McCoy Karen D, |
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Title |
Tracing the colonization and diversification of the worldwide seabird ectoparasite Ixodes uriae
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
3292-3305 |
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Keywords |
colonization, cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (COIII), dispersal, hard ticks, microsatellites, vectorborne infectious agents, |
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Abstract |
Historical patterns of dispersal and population isolation are key components shaping contemporary genetic diversity across landscapes and require explicit consideration when examining the relative role of different factors in driving the evolution of host specificity in parasitic organisms. In this study, we investigate the worldwide colonization history of a common ectoparasite of seabirds, the tick Ixodes uriae. This tick has a circumpolar distribution across both hemispheres but has repeatedly formed host-specific races within different regions. By combining mitochondrial and nuclear data, we infer how this species spread to its present-day distribution and how the colonization process may have affected the geographic and host-associated structure of this tick within regions. We demonstrate that I. uriae is highly structured at a global scale and isolates into four genetic groups that correspond to well-defined geographical regions. Molecular dating suggests that the diversification of I. uriae began in the early Miocene (22 Myr) and that this tick colonized most of the southern hemisphere before moving into northern latitudes via two independent routes. However, no relationship between the degree of host race divergence and colonization history was evident, supporting previous hypotheses that host specialization evolves relatively rapidly in this parasite, but does not typically lead to speciation. We discuss the possible historical and contemporary mechanisms of large-scale dispersal for this ectoparasite and how its biological characteristics may condition current patterns of genetic diversity. More generally, our results illustrate how combining broad-scale sampling and modern molecular tools can help disentangle complex patterns of diversification in widespread parasites.
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Programme |
333 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1365-294X |
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yes |
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4946 |
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Author |
Renaud S., Delépine C., Ledevin R., Pisanu B., Quéré J.-P., Hardouin E.A. |
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Title |
A sharp incisor tool for predator house mice back to the wild |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of zoological systematics and evolutionary research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
989-999 |
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Keywords |
adaptation, biting, functional morphology, geometric morphometrics, Mus musculus domesticus |
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Abstract |
The house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), as a successful invasive species worldwide, has to forage a variety of resources. Subantarctic mice display among the most notable diet shift from the usual omnivorous–granivorous diet, relying on a larger proportion of terrestrial animal prey. In agreement, a recent study of their mandible morphology evidenced an evolution of their mandible shape to optimize incisor biting and hence seize preys. Here, the incisors themselves are the focus of a morphometric analysis combined with a 3D study of their internal structure, aiming at a comparison between subantarctic populations (Guillou island, Kerguelen archipelago) with a range of western European continental, commensal mice. The predatory foraging behavior of Guillou mice was indeed associated with a sharper bevel of the lower incisor, which appears as an efficient morphology for piercing prey. The incisor of these mice also displays a reduced pulp cavity, suggesting slower eruption counterbalancing a reduced abrasion on such soft food material. The dynamics of the ever‐growing incisor may thus allow adaptive incisor sculpting and participate to the success of mice in foraging diverse resources. |
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Programme |
136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1439-0469 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7456 |
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Author |
Lehnebach Carlos A., Winkworth Richard C., Becker Matthias, Lockhart Peter J., Hennion Françoise |
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Title |
Around the pole: evolution of sub‐Antarctic Ranunculus |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
875-886 |
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Keywords |
dispersal divergence time estimates ecomorphology historical biogeography phylogenetic biogeography Ranunculus sub‐Antarctic islands |
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Abstract |
Abstract Aim Despite an improved understanding of Southern Hemisphere plant biogeography, the origins and evolution of sub?Antarctic floras remain poorly studied. Here, we investigate the historical biogeography of sub?Antarctic representatives of the genus Ranunculus. We aimed to establish when and from where the sub?Antarctic ranunculi originated as well as to examine the extent to which ecomorphological traits explain contemporary biogeographical patterns. Location Southern temperate and sub?Antarctic zones. Methods We first estimated a dated phylogeny for Ranunculus using combined chloroplast and nuclear data for 53 accessions; divergence times were inferred based on three temporal calibrations. We then used non?parametric multidimensional scaling to evaluate the ecomorphological diversity of 67 austral ranunculi representing a combination of sub?Antarctic species and those restricted to lower latitude landmasses. Results Phylogenetic analyses indicated that several Ranunculus lineages have colonized the sub?Antarctic islands. Divergence time estimates suggest recent arrival from source areas in Australia, New Zealand or South America. Species exhibiting two distinct ecomorphological trait combinations occur in both sub?Antarctic and lower latitude habitats; the proportions of each combination differed significantly between these areas. Main conclusions Ranunculus has colonized the sub?Antarctic on several occasions, most often arriving from the lower latitude landmasses prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. Taken together our analyses suggest that chance effects are likely to have influenced species arrival. However, following arrival trait?environment interactions appear to have been important for the subsequent establishment and persistence of ranunculi in sub?Antarctic habitats. |
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Programme |
136,1116 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0305-0270 |
ISBN |
0305-0270 |
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yes |
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6734 |
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Author |
Cunningham, G. B., Leclaire, S., Toscani, C. & Bonadonna, F. Journal of Avian Biology |
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Title |
Responses of King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adults and chicks to two food-related odours. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Avian Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
235-242 |
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Abstract |
Increasing evidence suggests that penguins are sensitive to dimethyl sulphide (DMS), a scented compound that a variety of marine animals use to find productive areas of the ocean where prey is likely to be found. Here we present data demonstrating showing that King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) are also sensitive to DMS. We deployed DMS on a lake near a King penguin colony at Ratmanoff beach in the Kerguelen archipelago. We also presented DMS to sleeping adults on the beach. On the lake, penguins responded to the DMS deployments by swimming more, while on the beach, penguins twitched their heads and woke up more for the DMS than for the control presentations. Interestingly, penguins did not respond to cod liver oil deployments on the lake; mirroring at-sea studies of other penguins. Although at-sea studies are needed to confirm that King penguins use DMS as a surface cue that informs them of productivity under the water, this study is an important first step in understanding how these birds locate prey over significant distances. |
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Programme |
354 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0908-8857 |
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yes |
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6478 |
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Author |
Costantini David, Bonadonna Francesco, |
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Title |
Patterns of variation of serum oxidative stress markers in two seabird species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Polar Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
30 -35 |
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Keywords |
Antioxidants, fasting, oxidative damage, petrels, prions, reproduction, |
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Abstract |
Abstract Variation in oxidative stress markers in natural populations may provide a useful background for understanding variation in life history strategies. In this study, we seek to evaluate patterns of variation in levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (markers of oxidative damage), serum antioxidant capacity, and serum concentration of thiols (antioxidants endogenously synthesized) in nestling and breeding blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea) and in breeding Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata). Male and female prions and nestling petrels did not differ in any of the oxidative stress markers. The serum antioxidant capacity positively correlated with the sample time in nestling blue petrels. Breeding petrels with higher body condition index had higher serum antioxidant capacity and circulating thiols. Finally, both seabird species showed lower levels of reactive oxygen metabolites and higher levels of serum antioxidant capacity than previously studied bird species. |
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354 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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ISSN |
1751-8369 |
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yes |
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56 |
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