| Records |
| Author |
Alexis Burr |
| Title |
Etude de la fermeture des pores lors de la densification du névé polaire // Investigation of pore closure during polar firn densification |
Type |
Thesis |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Université de bretagne occidentale |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
Thesis started in October 2021 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
540 Anisotropie Anisotropy Densification Discrete simulations Fermeture des pores Firn Névé Névés Pore closure Simulations discrètes Tomographie X Viscoplasticité X-Ray tomography |
| Abstract |
.La densification du névé en glace est un processus essentiel à comprendre pour interpréter les enregistrements climatiques. Une bonne connaissance des mécanismes permet une datation précise de l'air capturé dans la glace lors de la fermeture des pores. Celle-ci est plus vieille que l'air capturé à cause du transport des gaz dans la colonne de névé plus rapide que la densification de celui-ci. Cette différence d'âge entre la glace et le gaz est généralement appelé le Δage. La densification de la neige consiste en un processus complexe de réarrangement de grains, de frittage et de déformation viscoplastique. Bien que le comportement viscoplastique du cristal de glace soit fortement anisotrope, les modèles de densification actuels ne tiennent pas compte de cette anisotropie. De plus, le caractère granulaire du névé affecte aussi sa densification. La relation entre la fermeture des pores et les mécanismes microstructuraux sous-jacents est encore méconnue. Le but de cette thèse est d'incorporer l'aspect granulaire ainsi que l'anisotropie du cristal de glace dans une approche de modélisation innovante de la densification. Des expériences sur l'indentation viscoplastique de cylindres monocristallins de glace ont été réalisées pour proposer une loi de contact basée sur la théorie de l'indentation, et prenant en compte la déformation préférentielle du cristal de glace sur les plans basaux. Cette loi de contact a été implémentée dans un code utilisant la méthode des éléments discrets pour prédire la densification du névé.La micro-tomographie aux rayons X a été utilisée pour caractériser ex situ le névé polaire en trois dimensions à différentes étapes de la densification (ρ= 0.55-0.88 g/cm3), i.e. pour différentes profondeurs (~23 à 130m). Une étude fine de la fermeture des pores et de différentes caractéristiques morphologiques et physiques a été réalisée pour les sites polaires Dome C et Lock In. Des essais mécaniques ont aussi été réalisés in situ sur du névé extrait de Dome C dans le but de modéliser la densification du névé. Les observations microstructurales des expériences ex situ et in situ révèlent d'importantes différences dues aux vitesses relativement importantes utilisées lors des essais mécaniques. Ces vitesses rapides permettent de découpler la contribution des cinétiques de diffusion de la contribution viscoplastique de la déformation. Les effets de ces contributions sur la morphologie des pores et leurs fermetures sont discutés. Pour caractériser la fermeture des pores, cette thèse propose un indice de connectivité définit par le ratio entre le volume du plus gros pore sur la porosité totale. En effet, cet indice est plus approprié lors de l'utilisation de la tomographie aux rayons X que le ratio de pores fermés pour prédire la densité au close-off. |
| Programme |
1216 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8347 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Lucie Aulus-Giacosa |
| Title |
Spatio-temporal evolution of life history traits related to dispersal. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) colonization of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. // Evolution de l'anadromie chez la truite commune (Salmo trutta) L. dans le cadre de l'expansion des populations introduites dans les îles Kerguelen. |
Type |
Thesis |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Thèse de doctorat en Physiologie et Biologie des Organismes – Populations -Interactions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
Grâce à ses capacités dispersives et adaptatives, la truite commune (Salmo trutta L.), poisson anadrome facultatif, est un bon candidat à la colonisation de nouveaux milieux. L'introduction de l'espèce dans les années 1950 dans les îles subantarctiques de Kerguelen fournit un modèle d'étude unique pour comprendre les causes et les mécanismes de la dispersion, grâce à l'étude des traits d'histoire de vie en lien avec la migration (e.g. croissance, âge à la migration). L'étude de leur évolution temporelle le long d'un front de colonisation est le cœur de ce travail de thèse. A travers l’étude des écailles recueillies dans le cadre de ce programme à long terme, les histoires de vie de près de 5000 poissons ont été reconstruites. Ce travail démontre l’importance de la méthodologie utilisée afin de reconstruire les traits de vie individuel. La modélisation de l’évolution de la croissance en eau douce, de la taille à l’âge et de l’âge à la première migration démontre que des processus évolutifs sont en œuvre dans les populations en expansion. Notamment, le ralentissement de la croissance avec le temps ainsi que la diminution de la taille à l’âge le long du front de colonisation laissent à penser que la capacité de dispersion diminue à mesure que les populations sont en marges de la zone d’expansion. L’évolution de la valeur seuil à la première migration confirme ce résultat, et illustre l’importance de la plasticité phénotypique et de l’adaptation locale dans le choix de la tactique migratoire. Toutefois, l’approche menée dans ce manuscrit se concentre sur l’évolution de la migration, et bénéficierait de l’étude de l’évolution conjointe des traits impliqués dans la valeur sélective (balance coûts-bénéfices), tels que la reproduction, ou la croissance en mer. |
| Programme |
1041 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8354 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Lisa-Marie Mazzolo |
| Title |
Evolution de la calotte glaciaire du Svalbard par altimétrie laser |
Type |
Master 2 |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Programme |
337 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8357 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Paul Tixier, Nicolas Gasco, Jared R. Towers, Christophe Guinet |
| Title |
Killer whales of the Crozet Archipelago and adjacent waters: photo-identification catalogue, population status and distribution in 2020 |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Technical report. centre d’etudes biologiques de chizé, centre national de la recherche scientifique, france |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-167 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Three forms of killer whales (Orcinus orca) occur around the subantarctic islands of the southern Indian Ocean (42-53°S; 34-74°E). The form encountered in both inshore and offshore waters, described as generalist in its feeding preferences (seals, whales, penguins and fish as prey) and known to depredate toothfish from longliners has been opportunistically photo-identified around the Crozet archipelago since the 1960s. Together with photo-identification data collected in the Prince Edward/Marion EEZ, Kerguelen EEZ and international waters, this report provides up to date information on the abundance and distribution of the Crozet killer whales. In total, 124,313 photographs taken during 2,109 encounters since 1964 were analysed, allowing for 299 individuals to be identified. Most encounters with available data were from the Crozet EEZ (1,432 from longliners, 602 from Île de la Possession) and occurred after 2003 when photo-identification was implemented in the fishery observer program. Among the 188 individuals recorded in the Crozet EEZ since 2003, 22 (12%) were also photographed in the Kerguelen EEZ, 13 (7%) in the Prince Edward/Marion EEZ and 13 (7%) in adjacent international waters. The frequently encountered subset of the Crozet killer whale population was composed of 23 social units (maternal groups), 19 of which included individuals alive in 2020. These social units ranged in size from 1 to 11 individuals with a mean (± SD) of 4 ± 3 per unit. As of June 2020 when the latest photographs included in the study were taken, abundance of this subset was 89-94 individuals. However, detailed analysis of data collected between 2005 and 2020 shows that the number of confirmed deaths (n = 51) exceeds the number of recorded births (n = 46), resulting in a 5% decrease of the population size over this period. These deaths were distributed across the population with the majority occurring in the most common sex and age classes – adult females and juveniles. Factors contributing to mortalities are unclear, but may include lethal interactions with illegal fisheries. When paired with the fact that the Crozet killer whales already underwent a severe mortality episode in the 1990s, these findings raise strong concerns about the future of the population and stress the necessity of conservation actions while maintaining an intensive monitoring effort. |
| Programme |
109 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8380 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Lavrillier A. |
| Title |
Le pas léger sur la Terre des peuples des neiges |
Type |
Book |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atlas de la terre : comment l'homme a dominé la nature ? |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
Hors-Série |
Issue |
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Pages |
80-81 |
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1127 |
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978-2368041192 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8381 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Grégoire Mureau |
| Title |
Étude des impacts des événements extrêmes sur le massif dunaire de la plage de Sanvík (Islande) |
Type |
Master 1 |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Université de bretagne occidentale |
Abbreviated Journal |
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https://www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/pops/attachments/26 |
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Pages |
62 p. |
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1216 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
8383 |
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| Author |
Grémillet, David |
| Title |
Les manchots de Mandela et autres récits océaniques |
Type |
Book |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Pages |
232 pages |
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388 |
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978-2-330-15652-7 |
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Approved |
yes |
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8448 |
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Von Beckerath, X., Eitzinger, B., Sittler, B., Gilg, O., Yannic, G., Klein, A.-M., Benadi, G. |
| Title |
Long-term monitoring reveals topographical features and vegetation explain winter habitat use of an Arctic rodent |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Annual meeting of the icelandic ecological society. nordic society oikos, reykjavik, iceland, 16-17 april 2021 |
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1036 |
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yes |
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8450 |
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| Author |
Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry, Fabienne Joliet, Laine Chanteloup, Thora Martina Herrmann, Bruno Persat, Daniel Germain, Orsane Rousset |
| Title |
TAKUJUQ: Where Art and Science meet in Nunavik |
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Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Tagralik Magazine |
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The TUKISIK (Tukisigasuaqatigit: Understanding together) is a scientific program, ongoing since 2014, concerning human-environment interactions, reinforcing links between scientists and several communities. |
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1148 |
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yes |
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8471 |
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| Author |
David Grémillet |
| Title |
The Ocean's Whistleblower: The Remarkable Life and Work of Daniel Pauly |
Type |
Book |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Greystone books ltd. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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349p |
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| Abstract |
“[Daniel Pauly] is an iconoclastic fisheries scientist ... who is so decidedly global in his life and outlook that he is nearly a man without a country.”—NEW YORK TIMES “Daniel Pauly is a friend whose work has inspired me for years.”—TED DANSONDaniel Pauly is a living legend in the world of marine biology. He coined the influential term “shifting baselines,” in which knowledge of environmental disaster fades over time, leading to a misguided understanding of our world. He blew the whistle on the global fishing industry, alerting the public to the devastation of overfishing. And he developed data-driven research methods that led to groundbreaking discoveries. Daniel Pauly is also a man whose life was shaped by struggle. Born after the Second World War to a white French woman and Black American GI in Paris, Pauly’s childhood has been described as Dickensian. His father left before he was born and his mother, whose family did not accept her and her mixed-race son, fell prey to a manipulative Swiss couple who abducted Pauly under murky circumstances. He was taken to Switzerland, where he was treated cruelly as the couple’s servant. Pauly escaped to Germany to attend university and, as a young man, travelled to the United States during the 1969 civil rights movement, where he met his father’s family and experienced a political and racial reawakening. From there, he went on to have one of the most decorated careers in the field of marine biology. The Ocean’s Whistleblower “weaves together the challenges of marine research with an astonishing coming-of-age story” (Andrew Sharpless, Oceana) and is told through interviews with colleagues, friends, and Pauly himself. A brilliant book about a brilliant man, The Ocean’s Whistleblower finally profiles one of the most influential scientists of our time. |
| Programme |
388 |
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978-1-77164-754-0 |
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yes |
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8482 |
| Permanent link to this record |
