| Records |
| Author |
Sara Labrousse, Florian Orgeret, Andrew R. Solow, Christophe Barbraud, Charles A. Bost, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Henri Weimerskirch, Stèphanie Jenouvrier |
| Title |
First odyssey beneath the sea ice of juvenile emperor penguins in East Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
609 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
1-16 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic ecology Aptenodytes forsteri Diving behavior Emperor penguins Foraging ecology Juvenile behavior Oceanographic conditions Sea ice Thermocline |
| Abstract |
Adult emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri breed on fast ice and forage within sea ice in winter. However, it remains unknown whether juveniles exhibit similar foraging behavior during their early life at-sea movements, and how it links with the oceanographic conditions. We investigated the first at-sea odyssey of 15 juvenile emperor penguins from Terre Adélie in 2013-2014. The average tracking duration was 167 ± 110 d SD (range 86-344 d). After departing the colony in December/January, the juveniles traveled north up to 53.76°S before heading south in April/May to forage within the sea ice. The juveniles spent 49 ± 14% of their total recorded trips (n = 12) in the sea ice, over both the continental slope and deep ocean regions. The penguins dived primarily during daylight. Within sea ice, the juveniles performed both shallow and deep dives, with the proportion of each varying seasonally. The switch to primarily deep dives in the autumn and winter within sea ice may be a consequence of (1) a seasonal change in the krill distribution from surface to deep waters and/or (2) the presence of macrozooplankton at depth due to a reduced/absent diel migration. Furthermore, we showed for the first time that the diving behavior of juveniles was associated with the mixed layer depth. We suggest they feed on mesopelagic prey aggregating near the thermocline. This study provides insight into an important, but poorly understood, part of the emperor penguin life cycle, essential to predict their response to future climate change. |
| Programme |
109,394 |
| Campaign |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
7449 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Malcolm O'Toole, Christophe Guinet, Mary-Anne Lea, Mark A. Hindell |
| Title |
Marine predators and phytoplankton: how elephant seals use the recurrent Kerguelen plume |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
581 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
215-227 |
| Keywords |
Dive behaviour Foraging strategy Kerguelen phytoplankton plume Mirounga leonina Prey access Prey encounter events |
| Abstract |
Predators feeding in a highly dynamic environment have evolved strategies to respond to patchy resource distribution. However, studying these ecological interactions is challenging in the marine environment, as both predators and elements in their environment are often highly mobile and difficult to monitor. We used sensors deployed on female southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina to collect data as they foraged hundreds of metres below a large recurrent phytoplankton plume east of the Kerguelen Islands (49°15’S, 69°10’E). Data collected by animal-borne light sensors were used to reconstruct phytoplankton patterns encountered by the seals. Prey encounter events (PEEs) recorded by seal-borne accelerometers below the euphotic zone were compared with phytoplankton estimates at 2 scales: mesoscale (10s to 100s km) and small scale (inter-dive). These analyses were performed on data recorded during daylight hours only, and did not include data at night due to the sensitivity threshold of the light sensors. Our results showed that elephant seals moved through alternating patches of high- and low-density phytoplankton, but the timing and locations of these bloom patches were different between the upper and lower euphotic layers. Seals recorded more PEEs and shallower dives below high-density patches of phytoplankton. We propose that phytoplankton density at the mesoscale facilitates prey aggregation (direct effect). However, phytoplankton density between dives (small scale) likely facilitates vertical access to prey via the shading effect of phytoplankton (indirect effect). Our study shows how a deep-diving marine predator may use its environment to maximise net energy intake, and we demonstrate its resilience in a highly dynamic ecosystem. |
| Programme |
109,1201 |
| Campaign |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
7173 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Joffrey Jouma'a, Yves Le Bras, Baptiste Picard, Christophe Guinet |
| Title |
Three-dimensional assessment of hunting strategies in a deep diving predator, southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
573 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
255-268 |
| Keywords |
Accelerometer Acousonde Area restricted search Data mining Foraging Machine learning Spherical first passage time Unsupervised classification |
| Abstract |
Few studies have examined the foraging ecology of top marine predators by taking into account the vertical and horizontal dimensions simultaneously. In this study, using 3-dimensional reconstruction of underwater animal paths, we investigated the relationship between area restricted search (ARS) and foraging behaviors in the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina. We equipped 6 post-breeding females on the Kerguelen Islands with an Acousonde™ recording simultaneously sounds, pressure, acceleration and magnetic field-strength in 3-dimensions (n = 879 dives). Using the spherical first passage time analysis, we identified ARS in 46.4% of the dives. They represented 36.9% of the bottom time, but due to a higher prey encounter rate, 67.6% of catch attempts took place in ARS. These areas, occurring within a sphere of 48.2 ± 25.7 m radius, were characterized by an increase in energy expenditure and a strong variability in the roll and heading compared to non-ARS regions. While within an ARS, we identified 3 hunting modes from unsupervised classification based on acceleration properties previous to captures. We found that 32.8% of attempts matched a passive-gliding approach from above the target. The other 2 modes corresponded to an actively swimming approach associated with increases of variance in heading and/or rolling movements for the first one (56.6% of captures), and to a much larger swimming effort for the second one (10.6% of captures). These data revealed a strong link between seals’ fine-scale movements and feeding activity, suggesting that seals fed mainly on patchily distributed resources, with different hunting strategies that may be indicative of several prey species targeted. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
7166 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Rob van Bemmelen, Børge Moe, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Niels Martin Schmidt, Jannik Hansen, Johannes Lang, Benoît Sittler, Loïc Bollache, Ingrid Tulp, Raymond Klaassen, Olivier Gilg |
| Title |
Flexibility in otherwise consistent non-breeding movements of a long-distance migratory seabird, the long-tailed skua |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
578 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
197-211 |
| Keywords |
Flexibility Individual consistency Non-breeding movements Repeatability Seabirds Stercorarius longicaudus Tracking |
| Abstract |
Quantifying within- and between-individual variation in animal migration strategies is a first step towards our understanding of the ability of migrants to adjust to changes in the environment. We studied consistency (or, conversely, flexibility) in movement patterns at large (>1000 km) to meso-scales (100-1000 km) during the non-breeding season of the long-tailed skua Stercorarius longicaudus, a long-distance migratory Arctic seabird, using light-based geolocation. We obtained 97 annual tracks of 38 individuals and quantified similarity between routes. Overall, tracks of the same individual were generally within about 200 to 300 km of their previous year’s route, and more similar than tracks of different individuals. Some flexibility was observed during migration, but individuals were faithful to their staging areas in the North Atlantic and in the Benguela Current off Namibia and South Africa. Over the course of the winter, an increasing number of individuals started to deviate—up to 5200 km—from the previous year’s route. Intriguingly, individuals could be highly consistent between 2 consecutive years and flexible between other years. Site-shifts in late winter seem to reflect responses to local conditions, but what promotes this larger flexibility remains unclear and requires further study. Our results show that individual long-tailed skuas are generally consistent in their itineraries, but can show considerable flexibility in some years. The flexibility in itineraries suggests that long-tailed skuas are able to adjust to environmental change, but the mechanisms leading to the observed within- and between-individual variation in movement patterns are still poorly understood. |
| Programme |
1036 |
| Campaign |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
7238 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Pierrat Benjamin, Saucde Thomas, Laffont Rmi, Ridder Chantal De, Festeau Alain, David Bruno, |
| Title |
Large-scale distribution analysis of Antarctic echinoids using ecological niche modelling
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
MARINE ECOLOGY-PROGRESS SERIES |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
| Volume |
463 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
215-230 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
ABSTRACT: Understanding the factors that determine the distribution of taxa at various spatial scales is a crucial challenge in the context of global climate change. This holds particularly true for polar marine biota that are composed of both highly adapted and vulnerable faunas. We analysed the distribution of 2 Antarctic echinoid species, Sterechinus antarcticus and S. neumayeri, at the scale of the entire Southern Ocean using 2 niche modelling procedures. The performance of distribution models was tested with regard to the known ecology of the species. The respective contributions of environmental parameters are discussed along with the putative roles played by biotic interactions and biogeographic processes. Depth was the parameter that contributed most to both distribution models, whereas sea ice coverage and sea surface temperature had significant contributions for S. neumayeri only. Suitability maps of the 2 species were mostly similar, with a few notable differences. The Campbell Plateau and Tasmania were predicted as suitable areas for S. antarcticus only, while S. neumayeri was restricted to the south of the Antarctic Polar Front. However, numerous sampling data attest that S. antarcticus is absent from the Campbell Plateau and from Tasmania. Different hypotheses are formulated to explain the mismatch between observed and modelled distribution data. They stress the putative roles played by both oceanographic barriers to dispersal (Antarctic Polar Front), biotic factors (species exclusion patterns) and biogeographic processes (ongoing dispersal). |
| Programme |
1044;1124 |
| Campaign |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0171-8630 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
4236 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
González-Solís J, Smyrli M, Militão T, Gremillet D, Tveraa T, Phillips RA, Boulinier T, |
| Title |
Combining stable isotope analyses and geolocation to reveal kittiwake migration
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
| Volume |
435 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
251-261 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
|
| Programme |
333;388 |
| Campaign |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0171-8630 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
3510 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Lewison,R., Oro, D., Godley, B.J., Underhill, L., Bearhop, S., Wilson, R.P., Ainley, D., Arcos, J.M., Boersma, P.D., Borboroglu, P.G., Boulinier, T., Frederiksen, M., Genovart, M., González-Solís, J., Green, J.A., Grémillet,D., Hamer, K.C., Hilton, G.M., Hyrenbach, K.D., Martínez-Abraín, A., Montevecchi, W.A., Phillips,, R.A., Ryan, P.G., Sagar, P., Sydeman, W.J., Wanless, S., Watanuki, Y., Weimerskirch, H. & Yorio, P. |
| Title |
Research priorities for seabirds: improving conservation and management in the 21st century. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH |
Abbreviated Journal |
1613-4796 |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
93–121 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
Seabirds are facing a growing number of threats in both terrestrial and marine habitats, and many populations have experienced dramatic changes over past decades. Years of seabird research have improved our understanding of seabird populations and provided a broader understanding of marine ecological processes. In an effort to encourage future research and guide seabird conservation science, seabird researchers from 9 nations identified the 20 highest priority research questions and organized these into 6 general categories: (1) population dynamics, (2) spatial ecology, (3) tropho-dynamics, (4) fisheries interactions, (5) response to global change, and (6) management of anthropogenic impacts (focusing on invasive species, contaminants and protected areas). For each category, we provide an assessment of the current approaches, challenges and future directions. While this is not an exhaustive list of all research needed to address the myriad conservation challenges seabirds face, the results of this effort represent an important synthesis of current expert opinion across sub-disciplines within seabird ecology. As this synthesis highlights, research, in conjunction with direct management, education, and community engagement, can play an important role in facilitating the conservation and management of seabird populations and of the ocean ecosystems on which they and we depend. |
| Programme |
333;388 |
| Campaign |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1613-4796 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
2648 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Libois Quentin, Picard Ghislain, Dumont Marie, Arnaud Laurent, Sergent Claude, Pougatch Evelyne, Sudul Marcel, Vial David, |
| Title |
Experimental determination of the absorption enhancement parameter of snow
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
222 |
Pages |
714-724 |
| Keywords |
SNOW, SNOW CHEMISTRY, SNOW PHYSICS, SNOW/ICE SURFACE PROCESSES, |
| Abstract |
In optical models snow is commonly treated as a disperse collection of particles. In this representation, the penetration depth of solar radiation is sensitive to the shape of the particles, in particular to the absorption enhancement parameter, B, that quantifies the lengthening
|
| Programme |
1110 |
| Campaign |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0022-1430 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
5205 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Lescarmontier L, Legrésy B, Coleman R, Perosanz F, Mayet C, Testut L, |
| Title |
Vibrations of Mertz Glacier ice tongue, East Antarctica
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
58 |
Issue |
210 |
Pages |
665-676 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
At the time of its calving in February 2010, Mertz Glacier, East Antarctica, was characterized by a 145 km long, 35 km wide floating tongue. In this paper, we use GPS data from the Collaborative Research into Antarctic Calving and Iceberg Evolution (CRAC-ICE) 2007/08 and 2009/10 field seasons to investigate the dynamics of Mertz Glacier. Two months of data were collected at the end of the 2007/08 field season from two kinematic GPS stations situated on each side of the main rift of the glacier tongue and from rock stations located around the ice tongue during 2008/09. Using Precise Point Positioning with integer ambiguity fixing, we observe that the two GPS stations recorded vibrations of the ice tongue with several dominant periods. We compare these results with a simple elastic model of the ice tongue and find that the natural vibration frequencies are similar to those observed. This information provides a better understanding of their possible effects on rift propagation and hence on the glacier calving processes.
|
| Programme |
688;1050 |
| Campaign |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0022-1430 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
3824 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Genthon, C.; Krinner, G.; Castebrunet, H. |
| Title |
Antarctic precipitation and climate-change predictions: horizontal resolution and margin vs plateau issues |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Annals of glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
50 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
55-60 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
All climate models participating in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, as made available by the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) as the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3) archive, predict a significant surface warming of Antarctica by the end of the 21st century under a moderate (SRESA1B) greenhouse-gas scenario. All models but one predict a concurrent precipitation increase but with a large scatter of results. The models with finer horizontal resolution tend to predict a larger precipitation increase. Because modeled Antarctic surface mass balance is known to be sensitive to horizontal resolution, extrapolating predictions from the different models with respect to model resolution may provide simple yet better multi-model estimates of Antarctic precipitation change than mere averaging or even more complex approaches. Using such extrapolation, a conservative estimate of the predicted precipitation increase at the end of the 21st century is +30 kg m−2a−1 on the grounded ice sheet, corresponding to a >1 mm a−1 sea-level rise. About three-quarters of this rise originates from the marginal regions of the Antarctic ice sheet with surface elevation below 2250 m. This is where field programs are most urgently needed to better understand and monitor accumulation at the surface of Antarctica, and to improve and verify prediction models. |
| Programme |
411 |
| Campaign |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0260-3055 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
5012 |
| Permanent link to this record |
