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Author |
F. Thibon, L. Weppe, N. Vigier, C. Churlaud, T. Lacoue-Labarthe, M. Metian, Y. Cherel, P. Bustamante |
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Title |
Large-scale survey of lithium concentrations in marine organisms |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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Volume |
751 |
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Pages |
141453 |
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Keywords |
Bio-reduction Bioaccumulation Biogeography Ecotoxicology Multiple correspondence analyses Trophic webs |
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109 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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7944 |
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Title |
Radar altimeter waveform simulations in Antarctica with the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer Model (SMRT) |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
263 |
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Pages |
112534 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic ice sheet Field measurements Modeling Radar altimetry Remote sensing SMRT Waveform |
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Abstract |
Radar altimeters are important tools to monitor the volume of the ice sheets. The penetration of radar waves in the snowpack is a major source of uncertainty to retrieve surface elevation. To correct this effect, a better understanding of the sensitivity of the radar waveforms to snow properties is needed. Here, we present an extension of the Snow Model Radiative Transfer (SMRT) to compute radar waveforms and conduct a series of simulations on the Antarctic ice sheet. SMRT is driven by snow and surface roughness properties measured over a large latitudinal range during two field campaigns on the Antarctic Plateau. These measurements show that the snowpack is rougher, denser, less stratified, warmer, and has smaller snow grains near the coast than on the central Plateau. These simulations are compared to satellite observations in the Ka, Ku, and S bands. SMRT reproduces the observed waveforms well. For all sites and all sensors, the main contribution comes from the surface echo. The echo from snow grains (volume scattering) represents up to 40% of the amplitude of the total waveform power in the Ka band, and less at the lower frequencies. The highest amplitude is observed on the central Plateau due to the combination of higher reflection from the surface, higher scattering by snow grains in the Ka and Ku bands, and higher inter-layer reflections in the S band. In the Ka band, the wave penetrates in the snowpack less deeply on the central Plateau than near the coast because of the strong scattering caused by the larger snow grains. The opposite is observed in the S band, the wave penetrates deeper on the central Plateau because of the lower absorption due to the lower snow temperatures. The elevation bias caused by wave penetration into the snowpack show a constant bias of 10 cm for all sites in the Ka band, and a bias of 11 cm, and 21 cm in the Ku band for sites close to the coast and the central Plateau, respectively. Now that SMRT is performing waveform simulations, further work will address how the snowpack properties affect the parameters retrieved by more advanced retracking algorithms such as ICE-2 for different snow cover surfaces. |
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1110 |
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0034-4257 |
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7997 |
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Title |
Echo occurrence in the southern polar ionosphere for the SuperDARN Dome C East and Dome C North radars |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
28 |
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Pages |
100684 |
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Keywords |
Echo occurrence IRI model Polar cap radars Ray-tracing |
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Abstract |
In this paper, echo occurrence rates for the Dome C East (DCE) and the new Dome C North (DCN) radars are studied. We report the ionospheric and ground scatter echo occurrence rates for selected periods around equinoxes and solstices in the final part of the solar cycle XXIV. The occurrence maps built in Altitude Adjusted Corrected Geomagnetic latitude and Magnetic Local Time coordinates show peculiar patterns highly variable with season. The comparisons of the radar observations with the International Reference Ionosphere model electron density and with ray tracing simulations allow us to explain the major features of observed patterns in terms of electron density variations. The study shows the great potential of the DCE and DCN radar combination to the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) convection mapping in terms of monitoring key regions of the high-latitude ionosphere critical for understanding of the magnetospheric dynamics. |
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312 |
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ISSN |
1873-9652 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8020 |
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Title |
Comparison of interferometer calibration techniques for improved SuperDARN elevation angles |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
28 |
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Pages |
100638 |
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Keywords |
Geolocation HF radar Interferometer calibration Ionosphere SuperDARN |
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Abstract |
The high frequency radars in the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) estimate the elevation angles of returned backscatter using interferometric techniques. These elevation angles allow the ground range to the scattering point to be estimated, which is crucial for the accurate geolocation of ionospheric measurements. For elevation angles to be accurately estimated, it is important to calibrate the interferometer measurements by determining the difference in the signal time delays caused by the difference in the electrical path lengths from the main array and the interferometer array to the point at which the signals are correlated. This time delay is known as tdiff. Several methods have been proposed to estimate tdiff using historical observations; these methods are summarised in this paper. Comparisons of the tdiff estimates from the different calibration methods are presented and sources of uncertainty discussed. The effect of errors in the estimated tdiff value on the accuracy of geolocation is evaluated and discussed. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations for both scientific SuperDARN data users and SuperDARN radar operators. |
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312 |
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ISSN |
1873-9652 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8088 |
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Title |
Impact of extreme environmental conditions: Foraging behaviour and trophic ecology responses of a diving seabird, the common diving petrel |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Progress in Oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
198 |
Issue |
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Pages |
102676 |
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Keywords |
GPS tracking Habitat modelling Inter-annual variation Marine heatwave Stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
The reproductive success of birds is strongly driven by environmental conditions at different time scales. Thus, during periods of low food availability, breeding success is constrained by the ability of adults to adapt their foraging effort and feeding behaviour to maintain regular incubation shifts and chick provisioning. However, while large seabirds can buffer disruptions in prey availability, the ecophysiological constraints of smaller species may limit their behavioural flexibility. By combining information on at-sea movements, foraging habitat, trophic niche, and breeding success, this study evaluated the effects of intense variability in oceanographic conditions on common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) at the northern extent of their range in south-eastern Australia during four consecutive breeding seasons. Unusually low breeding success (6 and 0%) was observed during two years with intense heatwave events, which were associated with higher foraging effort (foraging trips twice longer) and a substantial shift in trophic niche (lower blood ?15N values). These findings suggest that common diving petrels in Bass Strait may have reached a critical threshold above which buffering the effects of environmental variability on their reproductive output is not possible. The clear cascading impacts that marine heatwaves have on zooplankton feeders illustrate the profound bottom-up effect induced by such extreme environmental variations, and suggest strong impact on higher-trophic levels. The wide, circumpolar breeding distribution of the common diving petrel, and its high sensitivity to variations in oceanographic conditions, suggest that this species may be a suitable model to study short-term and long-term behavioural responses to the effects of climate change throughout the Southern Ocean. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
0079-6611 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8374 |
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Author |
Pengcheng Wang, Natacha B. Bernier, Keith R. Thompson, Tsubasa Kodaira |
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Title |
Evaluation of a global total water level model in the presence of radiational S2 tide |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ocean Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
168 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101893 |
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Keywords |
NEMO Radiational and gravitational tide Storm surge Tidal nudging Total water level |
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688 |
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ISSN |
1463-5003 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8356 |
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Author |
Pamela E. Michael, Chris Wilcox, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Michael Sumner, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Dynamic enforcement of bycatch via reproductive value can increase theoretical efficiency |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
132 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104684 |
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Keywords |
Albatross Bycatch Dynamic enforcement Dynamic ocean management Monitoring Reproductive value |
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Abstract |
Managing marine systems is challenging, as many marine species are highly mobile. Albatross exemplify this paradigm, overlapping multiple threats at sea, including bycatch. The typical characterization of bycatch, the number of individuals, ignores the long-term, population-wide repercussions of bycatch. Including an estimate of the reproductive value (RV, the loss of future reproductive contributions, given bycatch) is a complementary tool, incorporating the population-wide repercussions of bycatch. While bycatch management via dynamic spatial management allows management boundaries to move, it requires monitoring and enforcement to be effective. We provide a proof of concept to optimize bycatch enforcement activities by dynamically targeting areas of concentrated future productivity characterized by RV. This paper examined a population of black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) as a case study. We calculate RV and apply it to at-sea distributions. This creates spatiotemporally explicit surfaces used to prioritize times and locations for bycatch mitigation enforcement. Dynamic enforcement has greater theoretical efficiency than static enforcement, but this difference decreases with increasing population-wide RV subject to enforcement. Though there are implementation challenges, many can be reduced with existing tools providing various opportunities. Incorporating RV when characterizing the impacts of bycatch on a population and strategically applying dynamic bycatch enforcement based on RV can be a powerful, efficient component of dynamic ocean management. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
0308-597X |
ISBN |
0308-597X |
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yes |
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8342 |
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Title |
Scouring by rafted ice and cryogenic patterned ground preserved in a Palaeoproterozoic equatorial proglacial lagoon succession, eastern India, Nuna supercontinent |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine and Petroleum Geology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
123 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104766 |
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Keywords |
Ice-rafted debris Iceberg scouring India Palaeoproterozoic Permafrost Proglacial Reticulate ice |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
316 |
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ISSN |
0264-8172 |
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yes |
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6471 |
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Title |
Molecular response of a sub-antarctic population of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis platensis) to a moderate thermal stress |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Environmental Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
169 |
Issue |
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Pages |
105393 |
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Keywords |
2DE Abiotic stress Biomonitoring Gills Indicator species Kerguelen island Mytilus sp. qRT-PCR Temperature |
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409 |
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ISSN |
0141-1136 |
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yes |
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8256 |
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Author |
G. Hubert, S. Aubry |
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Title |
Simulation of atmospheric cosmic-rays and their impacts based on pre-calculated databases, physical models and computational methods |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Computational Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101307 |
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Keywords |
Ambient dose equivalent Atmospheric cosmic-rays Cosmogenic nuclide production Multi-physics Single event effect |
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Abstract |
The atmospheric cosmic-ray environment is composed of secondary particles produced when primary cosmic rays interact with the nucleus of atmospheric atoms. Modeling of atmospheric radiations is essential for investigating their impacts on human activities such as radiation risks in aviation or scientific fields such as cosmogenic dating. The nuclear transport codes are a common and accurate way to model the cosmic ray interaction in the atmosphere with minimal approximations. However, tracking all produced secondary particles in each event in the whole depth of the atmosphere and sampling many events to obtain the statistically meaningful results would be a computational challenge and disadvantageous from the point of view of time consumption. This paper presents a computational platform names ATMOS CORE based on pre-calculated databases coupled to physical models and computational methods. The fields of application concern the atmospheric cosmic-rays characterization as well as their effects on electronics systems, on the ambient dose for aircrews or the cosmogenic nuclide production for dating activities. Some comparisons between simulations and measurements are also presented and discussed. |
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1112 |
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ISSN |
1877-7503 |
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yes |
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7957 |
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