Abstract: Despite the potential of isotope measurements to improve our understanding of the global atmospheric molecular hydrogen (H2) cycle, few H2 isotope data have been published so far. Now, within the EUROpean network for atmospheric HYDRogen Observations and Studies project (EUROHYDROS), weekly to monthly air samples from six locations in a global sampling network have been analysed for H2 mixing ratio (m(H2)) and the stable isotopic composition of the H2 (δ(D,H2), hereafter referred to as δD). The time series thus obtained now cover one to five years for all stations. This is the largest set of ground station observations of δD so far. Annual average δD values are higher at the Southern Hemisphere (SH) than at the Northern Hemisphere (NH) stations; the maximum is observed at Neumayer (Antarctica), and the minimum at the non-arctic NH stations. The maximum seasonal differences in δD range from ≈18 ‰ at Neumayer to ≈45 ‰ at Schauinsland (Southern Germany); in general, seasonal variability is largest at the NH stations. The timing of minima and maxima differs per station as well. In Alert (Arctic Canada), the variations in δD and m(H2) can be approximated as simple harmonic functions with a ≈5-month relative phase shift. This out-of-phase seasonal behaviour of δD and m(H2) can also be detected, but delayed and with a ≈6-month relative phase shift, at Mace Head and Cape Verde. However, no seasonal δD cycle could be observed at Schauinsland, which likely reflects the larger influence of local sources and sinks at this continental station. At the two SH stations, no seasonal cycle could be detected in the δD data. If it is assumed that the sink processes are the main drivers of the observed seasonality in m(H2) and δD on the NH, the relative seasonal variations can be used to estimate the relative sink strength of the two major sinks, deposition to soils and atmospheric oxidation by the hydroxyl (OH) radical. For the NH coastal and marine stations this analysis suggests that the relative contribution of soil uptake to the total annual H2 removal increases with latitude.

Abstract: Three candidate models are produced in response to the call for IGRF-11 models. A main field model around epoch 2005.0 is based on one year of Oersted and CHAMP measurements, and is proposed for the definitive model for epoch 2005.0. A main field model around epoch 2009.5, based on two months of CHAMP measurements and extrapolated to 2010.0, is proposed as a main field model for epoch 2010.0. A secular variation model valid for 2010.0-2015.0, based on the extrapolation through exponential
smoothing of observatory monthly mean values, is proposed as a predictive secular variation model. Comparison of similar extrapolations made for previous IGRF generations with actual observations are presented and discussed.

Abstract: Robots have primarily been developed for warfare, yet they also serve peaceful purposes. Their use in Ecology is in its infancy, but they may soon become essential tools in a broad variety of eco-logical sub-disciplines. Autonomous robots, in particular drones sent to previously inaccessi-ble areas, have revolutionized data acquisition, not only for abiotic parameters, but also for re-cording the behavior of undisturbed animals and collecting biological material. Robots will also play an essential role in population Ecology, as they will allow for automatic census of indi-viduals through image processing, or via detec-tion of animals marked electronically. These new technologies will enable automated experimen-tation for increasingly large sample sizes, both in the laboratory and in the field. Finally, inter-active robots and cyborgs are becoming major players in modern studies of animal behavior. Such rapid progress nonetheless raises ethical, environmental, and security issues.

Abstract: Cette étude porte sur la répartition et la morphologie des dépôts grossiers de tempêtes (25,6 cm ≤ l ≤ 820 cm) qui se trouvent en retrait du sommet des falaises de la péninsule de Reykjanes, au sud-ouest de l’Islande. Les 35 km de linéaire côtier sur lesquels porte ce travail sont constitués de falaises, hautes au maximum de 15 mètres, taillées dans un substrat basaltique postglaciaire d’âge compris entre 14 500 et 800 ans BP. L’origine de ces dépôts est marine et est attribuée à l’action des vagues engendrées par les dépressions atlantiques, vagues dont les hauteurs significatives pour une période de retour de 100 ans atteignent 17,4 mètres dans ce secteur. Entre les mois d’avril et juin 2014, un travail de terrain a permis d’étudier 35 accumulations supratidales de blocs à partir d’observations qualitatives et de relevés topomorphologiques. L’analyse de ces données montre que l’altitude du sommet des falaises n’est pas un facteur limitant à la formation de ces dépôts sur la péninsule de Reykjanes. Au contraire, le contexte lithostructural des coulées de lave et les spécificités hydrodynamiques locales qui influent sur la morphologie des falaises sont prédominantes dans la formation et la disposition des différents types d’accumulations. The present study focuses on the distribution and morphology of cliff-top storm deposits (CTSD) in the Reykjanes Peninsula in southwest Iceland. The study area stretches over a 35 kilometre coastline and consists mainly of cliffs not exceeding 15 m, cut into post-glacial lava beds aged 14 500 to 800 yr BP. The origin of these deposits cannot be related to tsunamis since none has been recorded in this area within this period. It is due to the action of North Atlantic waves whose significant height, measured between 1994 and 2004, can reach 17.4 m in this area. During a field survey from April to June, 2014, 35 CTSD sites were studied mainly through qualitative observations and topomorphological measurements. The analysis of the data shows that the organisation and distribution of CTSD in the Reykjanes peninsula do not depend on the cliff height. In contrast, the lithostructural characteristics of the lava beds and local variations in hydrodynamism, both of which determine the morphology of cliffs, appear to be decisive factors in explaining these aspects of CTSD in this area.