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Author |
Garcin N, Viblanc VA, Schull Q, Michaux D, Reichert S, Robin JP, Bize P, Stier A |
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Title |
Naturally equipped to resist stress |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Society for experimental biology annual conference. poster. actes du colloque |
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Stress exposure and stress response are likely to vary according to life history strategies and environmental contexts. Although the acute release of glucocorticoids in response to unpredictable environmental conditions may lead to adaptative behavioral and physiological responses, exposure to high glucocorticoid levels on the long-term usually leads to deleterious cascading effects on animal’s physiology, behavior and fitness. Yet, some species may be more adapted to cope with challenging events than others and might naturally possess protective mechanisms limiting the adverse consequences of prolonged exposure to high glucocorticoid levels. King penguin chicks being naturally exposed to harsh weather, prolonged fasting and constant predation pressure, we investigated the life-history, behavioral and physiological consequences of an experimental increase in corticosterone levels on the medium and long-term (after removing implants), predicting to find relatively few costs associated with such treatment. Although non-significant, CORT-treated chicks were slightly larger, fledged slightly earlier and had slightly higher survival chances than placebo chicks. CORT-treated chicks were significantly more aggressive and displayed lower corticosterone response to acute stress on the medium term, while their physical activity and whole-body energetics were not significantly affected. While mitochondrial density was not significantly affected by the CORT treatment, CORT-treated chicks had lower oxidative stress levels on the long-term than placebo ones, and no significant impact was observed on telomere shortening. Finally, the expression of several genes (i.e. CORT receptor, HSP90, mTOR, NRF2 and TERF2) was up regulated in treated chicks, which could potentially mediate the apparent ‘stress’ resistance we observed at the phenotypic level. |
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119 |
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yes |
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8454 |
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Andrea Spolaor, Beatrice Moroni, Bart?omiej Luks, Adam Nawrot, Marco Roman, Catherine Larose, ?ukasz Stachnik, Federica Bruschi, Krystyna Kozio?, Filip Pawlak, Clara Turetta, Elena Barbaro, Jean-Charles Gallet, David Cappelletti |
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Title |
Investigation on the Sources and Impact of Trace Elements in the Annual Snowpack and the Firn in the Hansbreen (Southwest Spitsbergen) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
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Volume |
8 |
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We present a thorough evaluation of the water soluble fraction of the trace element composition (Ca, Sr, Mg, Na, K, Li, B, Rb, U, Ni, Co, As, Cs, Cd, Mo, Se, Eu, Ba, V, Ge, Ga, Cr, Cr, P, Ti, Mn, Zr, Ce, Zn, Fe, Gd, Y, Pb, Bi, Yb, Al, Nb, Er, Nd, Dy, Sm, Ho, Th, La, Lu, Tm, Pr, Tb, Fe, In, Tl) and their fluxes in the annual snowpack and the firn of the Hansbreen (a tidewater glacier terminating in the Hornsund fjord, southwest Spitsbergen). The trace element samples were obtained from a 3 m deep snow pit dug at the plateau of the glacier (450 m a.s.l.), and from a 2 m deep firn core collected from the bottom of the snow pit. The comparison of elemental fluxes and enrichment factors allowed us to constrain specific summer and wintertime deposition patterns of water soluble trace elements in the southern part of the Svalbard archipelago. Our results suggest that the chemical composition of the Hansbreen (and likely other glaciers where the summit is close to the equilibrium line) is mainly affected by summertime deposition of trace elements from local sources and some volatile elements, which may be transported into the Arctic when polar vortex is weak. The melting of the annual snowpack seems to have a minor influence on the overall chemical signature of the glacier ice. |
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1192 |
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2296-6463 |
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yes |
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8606 |
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Author |
Mccoy, Kd |
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Title |
Tick and tick-borne disease circulation in a changing marine ecosystem |
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Book |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
In “Climate, Ticks and Disease” ed. Pat Nuttall, University of Oxford, UK, CABI Climate Change Series |
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This Book Brings Together Expert Opinions From Scientists To Consider The Evidence For Climate Change And Its Impacts On Ticks And Tick-borne Infections, And Provide Predictions For The Future. It Considers What Is Meant By 'Climate Change', How Good Are Climate Models Relevant To Ecosystems, And Predictions For Changes In Climate At Global, Regional, And Local Scales Relevant For Ticks And Tick-borne Infections. It Examines Changes To Tick Distribution And The Evidence That Climate Change Is Responsible. The Effect Of Climate On The Physiology And Metabolism Of Ticks, Including Potentially Critical Impacts On The Tick Microbiome Is Stressed. Given That The Notoriety Of Ticks Derives From Pathogens They Transmit, Do Changes In Climate Affect Vector Capacity? Ticks Transmit A Remarkable Range Of Micro- And Macro-parasites Many Of Which Are Pathogens Of Humans And Domesticated Animals. The Intimacy Between Tick-borne Agent And Tick Vector Means That Any Impacts Of Climate On A Tick Vector Will Impact Tick-borne Pathogens. Most Obviously, Such Impacts Will Be Apparent As Changes In Disease Incidence And Prevalence. The Evidence That Climate Change Is Affecting Diseases Caused By Tick-borne Pathogens Is Considered, Along With The Potential To Make Robust Predictions Of Future Events. |
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333 |
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ISSN |
9781789249637 |
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yes |
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8036 |
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Title |
Terrestrial macro-arthropods of the sub-Antarctic islands of Possession (Crozet Archipelago) and Kerguelen: inventory of native and non-native species |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Zoosystema |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
549-561 |
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Abstract |
The sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean harbor biogeographically peculiar biotas which are under threat from climate change, biological invasions and their interactions. Understanding both the indigenous and changing non-indigenous components of these islands is essential for the conservation and management of their biotas. Based on several years of systematic sampling, we present an updated list of terrestrial, free-living macro-invertebrates (insects and spiders) present on the islands of Possession (Crozet Archipelago) and Kerguelen. Ninety-four species were recorded in total on both islands. Forty-one are strictly endemic to one of the two islands, 16 are endemic to the South Indian Ocean Province, and only three were recorded on other sub-Antarctic islands. Beetles and more particularly weevils are the most characteristic group of the fauna of these islands: they include 35 species of which 89% are native and 66% are endemic. One third of the species (30 of 94) are non-indigenous species now naturalized. We discuss these results in terms of biogeography, ecological disharmony and impact of biological invasions. |
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Programme |
136 |
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1280-9551, 1638-9387 |
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yes |
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8472 |
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Title |
The Marine Vegetation of the Kerguelen Islands: History of Scientific Campaigns, Inventory of the Flora and First Analysis of Its Biogeographical Affinities |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Cryptogamie, Algologie |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
173-216 |
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1044 |
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0181-1568, 1776-0984 |
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8440 |
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Author |
Alison F. Banwell, Rajashree Tri Datta, Rebecca L. Dell, Mahsa Moussavi, Ludovic Brucker, Ghislain Picard, Christopher A. Shuman, Laura A. Stevens |
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Title |
The 32-year record-high surface melt in 2019/2020 on the northern George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
909-925 |
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Abstract |
In the 2019/2020 austral summer, the surface melt duration and extent on the northern George VI Ice Shelf (GVIIS) was exceptional compared to the 31 previous summers of distinctly lower melt. This finding is based on analysis of near-continuous 41-year satellite microwave radiometer and scatterometer data, which are sensitive to meltwater on the ice shelf surface and in the near-surface snow. Using optical satellite imagery from Landsat 8 (2013 to 2020) and Sentinel-2 (2017 to 2020), record volumes of surface meltwater ponding were also observed on the northern GVIIS in 2019/2020, with 23 % of the surface area covered by 0.62 km3 of ponded meltwater on 19 January. These exceptional melt and surface ponding conditions in 2019/2020 were driven by sustained air temperatures ?0 ?C for anomalously long periods (55 to 90 h) from late November onwards, which limited meltwater refreezing. The sustained warm periods were likely driven by warm, low-speed (?7.5 m s?1) northwesterly and northeasterly winds and not by foehn wind conditions, which were only present for 9 h total in the 2019/2020 melt season. Increased surface ponding on ice shelves may threaten their stability through increased potential for hydrofracture initiation; a risk that may increase due to firn air content depletion in response to near-surface melting. |
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1110 |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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7654 |
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Author |
Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, Lei Geng |
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Title |
Impacts of the photo-driven post-depositional processing on snow nitrate and its isotopes at Summit, Greenland: a model-based study |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
4207-4220 |
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1177 |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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8375 |
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2021 |
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Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions |
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1-25 |
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133 |
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ISSN |
1561-8633 |
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yes |
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8019 |
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2021 |
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Geoscientific Model Development |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
3487-3510 |
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411 |
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1991-959X |
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yes |
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8428 |
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Title |
Minute Sea-Level Analysis (MISELA): a high-frequency sea-level analysis global dataset |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Earth system science data |
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13 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
4121-4132 |
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688 |
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ISSN |
1866-3508 |
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yes |
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8392 |
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