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2014 |
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The Cryosphere |
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8 |
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6 |
Pages |
2275-2291 |
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1053 |
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1994-0424 |
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1994-0424 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6792 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2275-2291 |
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Keywords |
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1053 |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
ISBN |
1994-0416 |
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yes |
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7262 |
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Author |
Barral H, Genthon C, Trouvilliez A, Brun C, Amory C, |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1905-1919 |
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Abstract |
Three years of blowing snow observations and associated meteorology along a 7-m mast at site D17 in coastal Adelie Land are presented. The observations are used to address 3 atmospheric moisture issues related to the occurrence of blowing snow, a feature which largely affects many regions of Antarctica: 1) Blowing snow sublimation raises close to saturation the moisture content of the surface atmosphere, and atmospheric models and meteorological analyzes that do not carry blowing snow parameterizations areaffected by a systematic dry bias; 2) While snowpack modeling with a parameterization of surface snow erosion by wind can reproduce the variability of snow accumulation and ablation, ignoring the high levels of atmospheric moisture content associated with blowing snow results in overestimating surface sublimation affecting the energy budget of the snow-pack; 3) the well-known profile method to calculate turbulent moisture fluxes is not applicable when blowing snow occurs, because moisture gradients are weak due to blowing snow sublimation, and the impact of measurement uncertainties are strongly amplified in case of strong winds.
Keywords: Antarctica, Snowpack, Surface Mass Balance, Katabatic flow, Blowing snow, Sublimation, Latent Heat Fluxes, Moisture, Observation, Modelling, Profile method,Monin and Obukhov similarity theory, Uncertainty propagation
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1013 |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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6015 |
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Author |
Palerme C, Kay J E, Genthon C, L'Ecuyer T, Wood N B, Claud C, |
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Title |
How much snow falls on the Antarctic ice sheet?
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1577-1587 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1013 |
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Copernicus Publications |
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ISSN |
1994-0424 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5201 |
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Title |
A double continuum hydrological model for glacier applications |
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Journal |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
137-153 |
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The flow of glaciers and ice streams is strongly influenced by the presence of water at the interface between ice and bed. In this paper, a hydrological model evaluating the subglacial water pressure is developed with the final aim of estimating the sliding velocities of glaciers. The global model fully couples the subglacial hydrology and the ice dynamics through a water-dependent friction law. The hydrological part of the model follows a double continuum approach which relies on the use of porous layers to compute water heads in inefficient and efficient drainage systems. This method has the advantage of a relatively low computational cost that would allow its application to large ice bodies such as Greenland or Antarctica ice streams. The hydrological model has been implemented in the finite element code Elmer/Ice, which simultaneously computes the ice flow. Herein, we present an application to the Haut Glacier d'Arolla for which we have a large number of observations, making it well suited to the purpose of validating both the hydrology and ice flow model components. The selection of hydrological, under-determined parameters from a wide range of values is guided by comparison of the model results with available glacier observations. Once this selection has been performed, the coupling between subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics is undertaken throughout a melt season. Results indicate that this new modelling approach for subglacial hydrology is able to reproduce the broad temporal and spatial patterns of the observed subglacial hydrological system. Furthermore, the coupling with the ice dynamics shows good agreement with the observed spring speed-up. |
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1053 |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8192 |
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Author |
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Title |
Using MODIS land surface temperatures and the Crocus snow model to understand the warm bias of ERA-Interim reanalyses at the surface in Antarctica
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1361-1373 |
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Abstract |
based on CALVA-snow activities |
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Programme |
1110 |
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Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
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ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5206 |
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Author |
E. Le Meur, M. Sacchettini, S. Garambois, E. Berthier, A. S. Drouet, G. Durand, D. Young, J. S. Greenbaum, J. W. Holt, D. D. Blankenship, E. Rignot, J. Mouginot, Y. Gim, D. Kirchner, B. de Fleurian, O. Gagliardini, F. Gillet-Chaulet |
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Journal |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1331-1346 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1053 |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
ISBN |
1994-0416 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7263 |
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Author |
Picard G, Royer A, Arnaud L, Fily M, |
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Title |
Influence of meter-scale wind-formed features on the variability of the microwave brightness temperature around Dome C in Antarctica
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1105-1119 |
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Abstract |
based on BIPOL and CALVA-snow |
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Programme |
1110 |
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Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
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ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5207 |
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Author |
Groot Zwaaftink C D, Cagnati A, Crepaz A, Fierz C, Macelloni G, Valt M, Lehning M, |
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Title |
Event-driven deposition of snow on the Antarctic Plateau: analyzing field measurements with SNOWPACK
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
333-347 |
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Abstract |
Antarctic surface snow has been studied by means of continuous measurements and observations over a period of 3 yr at Dome C. Snow observations include solid deposits in form of precipitation, diamond dust, or hoar, snow temperatures at several depths, records of deposition and erosion on the surface, and snow profiles. Together with meteorological data from automatic weather stations, this forms a unique dataset of snow conditions on the Antarctic Plateau. Large differences in snow amounts and density exist between solid deposits measured 1 m above the surface and deposition at the surface. We used the snow-cover model SNOWPACK to simulate the snow-cover evolution for different deposition parameterizations. The main adaptation of the model described here is a new event-driven deposition scheme. The scheme assumes that snow is added to the snow cover permanently only during periods of strong winds. This assumption followed from the comparison between observations of solid deposits and daily records of changes in snow height: solid deposits could be observed on tables 1 m above the surface on 94 out of 235 days (40%) while deposition at the surface occurred on 59 days (25%) during the same period, but both happened concurrently on 33 days (14%) only. This confirms that precipitation is not necessarily the driving force behind non-temporary snow height changes. A comparison of simulated snow height to stake farm measurements over 3 yr showed that we underestimate the total accumulation by at least 33%, when the total snow deposition is constrained by the measurements of solid deposits on tables 1 m above the surface. During shorter time periods, however, we may miss over 50% of the deposited mass. This suggests that the solid deposits measured above the surface and used to drive the model, even though comparable to ECMWF forecasts in its total magnitude, should be seen as a lower boundary. As a result of the new deposition mechanism, we found a good agreement between model results and measurements of snow temperatures and recorded snow profiles. In spite of the underestimated deposition, the results thus suggest that we can obtain quite realistic simulations of the Antarctic snow cover by the introduction of event-driven snow deposition. |
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Programme |
411 |
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ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4506 |
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Author |
Champollion N, Picard G, Arnaud L, Lefebvre E, Fily M, |
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Title |
Hoar crystal development and disappearance at Dome C, Antarctica: observation by near-infrared photography and passive microwave satellite |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1247-1262 |
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Abstract |
Hoar crystals episodically cover the snow surface in Antarctica and affect the roughness and reflective properties of the airsnow interface. However, little is known about their evolution and the processes responsible for their development and disappearance despite a probable influence on the surface mass balance and energy budget. To investigate hoar evolution, we use continuous observations of the surface by in situ near-infrared photography and by passive microwave remote sensing at Dome C in Antarctica. From the photography data, we retrieved a daily indicator of the presence/absence of hoar crystals using a texture analysis algorithm. The analysis of this 2 yr long time series shows that Dome C surface is covered almost half of the time by hoar. The development of hoar crystals takes a few days and seems to occur whatever the meteorological conditions. In contrast, the disappearance of hoar is rapid (a few hours) and coincident with either strong winds or with moderate winds associated with a change in wind direction from southwest (the prevailing direction) to southeast. From the microwave satellite data, we computed the polarisation ratio (i.e. horizontal over vertical polarised brightness temperatures), an indicator known to be sensitive to hoar in Greenland. Photography data and microwave polarisation ratio are correlated, i.e. high values of polarisation ratio which theoretically correspond to low snow density values near the surface are associated with the presence of hoar crystals in the photography data. Satellite data over nearly ten years (20022011) confirm that a strong decrease of the polarisation ratio (i.e. signature of hoar disappearance) is associated with an increase of wind speed or a change in wind direction from the prevailing direction. The photography data provides, in addition, evidence of interactions between hoar and snowfall. Further adding the combined influence of wind speed and wind direction results in a complex picture of the snowatmosphere interactions in Antarctica which deserves further quantification and modelling. |
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1110 |
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ISSN |
1994-0424 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4489 |
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Permanent link to this record |