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Title |
A Space Oddity: Geographic and Specific Modulation of Migration in Eudyptes Penguins
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2013 |
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PLoS ONE |
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8 |
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8 |
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e71429- |
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109 |
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Public Library of Science |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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4764 |
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Title |
Is the Species Flock Concept Operational? The Antarctic Shelf Case
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
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PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e68787- |
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1124 |
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Public Library of Science |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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4828 |
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Title |
Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV in the Sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands and Characterization of Two New Luteovirus Species
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
6 |
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Abstract |
A systematic search for viral infection was performed in the isolated Kerguelen Islands, using a range of polyvalent genus-specific PCR assays. Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was detected in both introduced and native grasses such as Poa cookii. The geographical distribution of BYDV and its prevalence in P. cookii were analyzed using samples collected from various sites of the archipelago. We estimate the average prevalence of BYDV to be 24.9% in P. cookii, with significant variability between sites. BYDV genetic diversity was assessed using sequence information from two genomic regions: the P3 open reading frame (ORF) (encoding the coat protein) and the hypervariable P6 ORF region. The phylogenetic analysis in the P3 region showed that BYDV sequences segregate into three major lineages, the most frequent of which (Ker-I cluster) showed close homology with BYDV-PAV-I isolates and had very low intra-lineage diversity (0.6%). A similarly low diversity was also recorded in the hypervariable P6 region, suggesting that Ker-I isolates derive from the recent introduction of BYDV-PAV-I. Divergence time estimation suggests that BYDV-PAV-I was likely introduced in the Kerguelen environment at the same time frame as its aphid vector, Rhopalosiphum padi, whose distribution shows good overlap with that of BYDV-Ker-I. The two other lineages show more than 22% amino acid divergence in the P3 region with other known species in the BYDV species complex, indicating that they represent distinct BYDV species. Using species-specific amplification primers, the distribution of these novel species was analyzed. The high prevalence of BYDV on native Poaceae and the presence of the vector R. padi, raises the question of its impact on the vulnerable plant communities of this remote ecosystem. |
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136 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4388 |
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Author |
Pardo Deborah, Weimerskirch Henri, Barbraud Christophe, |
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Title |
When Celibacy Matters: Incorporating Non-Breeders Improves Demographic Parameter Estimates
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e60389 |
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Abstract |
In long-lived species only a fraction of a population breeds at a given time. Non-breeders can represent more than half of adult individuals, calling in doubt the relevance of estimating demographic parameters from the sole breeders. Here we demonstrate the importance of considering observable non-breeders to estimate reliable demographic traits: survival, return, breeding, hatching and fledging probabilities. We study the long-lived quasi-biennial breeding wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans). In this species, the breeding cycle lasts almost a year and birds that succeed a given year tend to skip the next breeding occasion while birds that fail tend to breed again the following year. Most non-breeders remain unobservable at sea, but still a substantial number of observable non-breeders (ONB) was identified on breeding sites. Using multi-state capture-mark-recapture analyses, we used several measures to compare the performance of demographic estimates between models incorporating or ignoring ONB: bias (difference in mean), precision (difference is standard deviation) and accuracy (both differences in mean and standard deviation). Our results highlight that ignoring ONB leads to bias and loss of accuracy on breeding probability and survival estimates. These effects are even stronger when studied in an age-dependent framework. Biases on breeding probabilities and survival increased with age leading to overestimation of survival at old age and thus actuarial senescence and underestimation of reproductive senescence. We believe our study sheds new light on the difficulties of estimating demographic parameters in species/taxa where a significant part of the population does not breed every year. Taking into account ONB appeared important to improve demographic parameter estimates, models of population dynamics and evolutionary conclusions regarding senescence within and across taxa. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4406 |
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Author |
Barbraud Christophe, Tuck Geoffrey N, Thomson Robin, Delord Karine, Weimerskirch Henri, |
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Title |
Fisheries Bycatch as an Inadvertent Human-Induced Evolutionary Mechanism
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e60353 |
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Abstract |
Selective harvesting of animals by humans can affect the sustainability and genetics of their wild populations. Bycatch – the accidental catch of non-target species – spans the spectrum of marine fauna and constitutes a harvesting pressure. Individual differences in attraction to fishing vessels and consequent susceptibility to bycatch exist, but few studies integrate this individual heterogeneity with demography. Here, we tested for the evidence and consequences of individual heterogeneity on the demography of the wandering albatross, a seabird heavily affected by fisheries bycatch. We found strong evidence for heterogeneity in survival with one group of individuals having a 5.2% lower annual survival probability than another group, and a decrease in the proportion of those individuals with the lowest survival in the population coinciding with a 7.5 fold increase in fishing effort in the foraging areas. Potential causes for the heterogeneity in survival are discussed and we suggest that bycatch removed a large proportion of individuals attracted by fishing vessels and had significant phenotypic and population consequences. |
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109 |
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1932-6203 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4435 |
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Title |
Diatom-Specific Highly Branched Isoprenoids as Biomarkers in Antarctic Consumers |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e56504 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Biomarkers Islands Penguins Petrels Sea ice Seabirds Stomach |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
131 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7215 |
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Title |
Can Foraging Ecology Drive the Evolution of Body Size in a Diving Endotherm?
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e56297 |
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Abstract |
Within a single animal species, different morphs can allow for differential exploitation of foraging niches between populations, while sexual size dimorphism can provide each sex with access to different resources. Despite being potentially important agents of evolution, resource polymorphisms, and the way they operate in wild populations, remain poorly understood. In this study, we examine how trophic factors can select for different body sizes between populations and sexes in a diving endotherm. Dive depth and duration are positively related to body size in diving birds and mammals, a relationship explained by a lower mass-specific metabolic rate and greater oxygen stores in larger individuals. Based on this allometry, we predict that selection for exploiting resources situated at different depths can drive the evolution of body size in species of diving endotherms at the population and sexual level. To test this prediction, we studied the foraging ecology of Blue-eyed Shags, a group of cormorants with male-biased sexual size dimorphism from across the Southern Ocean. We found that mean body mass and relative difference in body mass between sexes varied by up to 77% and 107% between neighbouring colonies, respectively. Birds from colonies with larger individuals dived deeper than birds from colonies with smaller individuals, when accounting for sex. In parallel, males dived further offshore and deeper than females and the sexual difference in dive depth reflected the level of sexual size dimorphism at each colony. We argue that body size in this group of birds is under intense selection for diving to depths of profitable benthic prey patches and that, locally, sexual niche divergence selection can exaggerate the sexual size dimorphism of Blue-eyed Shags initially set up by sexual selection. Our findings suggest that trophic resources can select for important geographic micro-variability in body size between populations and sexes. |
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394 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4482 |
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Author |
Welcker Jorg, Chastel Olivier, Gabrielsen Geir W, Guillaumin Jerome, Kitaysky Alexander S, Speakman John R, Tremblay Yann, Bech Claus, |
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Title |
Thyroid Hormones Correlate with Basal Metabolic Rate but Not Field Metabolic Rate in a Wild Bird Species
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
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Abstract |
Thyroid hormones (TH) are known to stimulate in vitro oxygen consumption of tissues in mammals and birds. Hence, in many laboratory studies a positive relationship between TH concentrations and basal metabolic rate (BMR) has been demonstrated whereas evidence from species in the wild is scarce. Even though basal and field metabolic rates (FMR) are often thought to be intrinsically linked it is still unknown whether a relationship between TH and FMR exists. Here we determine the relationship between the primary thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) with both BMR and FMR in a wild bird species, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). As predicted we found a strong and positive relationship between plasma concentrations of T3 and both BMR and mass-independent BMR with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.36 to 0.60. In contrast there was no association of T3 levels with either whole-body or mass-independent FMR (R2 = 0.06 and 0.02, respectively). In accordance with in vitro studies our data suggests that TH play an important role in modulating BMR and may serve as a proxy for basal metabolism in wild birds. However, the lack of a relationship between TH and FMR indicates that levels of physical activity in kittiwakes are largely independent of TH concentrations and support recent studies that cast doubt on a direct linkage between BMR and FMR. |
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330 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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4419 |
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Title |
Wide Range of Mercury Contamination in Chicks of Southern Ocean Seabirds
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
e54508- |
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109 |
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Public Library of Science |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4744 |
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Title |
Conveniently Pre-Tagged and Pre-Packaged: Extended Molecular Identification and Metagenomics Using Complete Metazoan Mitochondrial Genomes
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Year |
2012 |
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PLOS ONE |
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7 |
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12 |
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BackgroundResearchers sorely need markers and approaches for biodiversity exploration (both specimen linked and metagenomics) using the full potential of next generation sequencing technologies (NGST). Currently, most studies rely on expensive multiple tagging, PCR primer universality and/or the use of few markers, sometimes with insufficient variability.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe propose a novel approach for the isolation and sequencing of a universal, useful and popular marker across distant, non-model metazoans: the complete mitochondrial genome. It relies on the properties of metazoan mitogenomes for enrichment, on careful choice of the organisms to multiplex, as well as on the wide collection of accumulated mitochondrial reference datasets for post-sequencing sorting and identification instead of individual tagging. Multiple divergent organisms can be sequenced simultaneously, and their complete mitogenome obtained at a very low cost. We provide in silico testing of dataset assembly for a selected set of example datasets.Conclusions/SignificanceThis approach generates large mitogenome datasets. These sequences are useful for phylogenetics, molecular identification and molecular ecology studies, and are compatible with all existing projects or available datasets based on mitochondrial sequences, such as the Barcode of Life project. Our method can yield sequences both from identified samples and metagenomic samples. The use of the same datasets for both kinds of studies makes for a powerful approach, especially since the datasets have a high variability even at species level, and would be a useful complement to the less variable 18S rDNA currently prevailing in metagenomic studies. |
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1124 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4288 |
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