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Author |
Collet J, Patrick SC, Weimerskirch H, |
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Title |
Albatrosses redirect flight towards vessels at the limit of their visual range
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
526 |
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Pages |
199-205 |
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Abstract |
Seabird-fishery interactions are important to seabird ecology and conservation since some species obtain a significant amount of food from fisheries, but mortality from bycatch is a primary cause of population declines in several species. While the availability of high resolution GPS data for both seabirds and vessels over the past few years has allowed analyses of fine-scale behavioural responses of seabirds near fishing vessels, little information is available on the distance at which seabirds respond to vessels. Indeed, previous studies have focused on the foraging behaviour of individuals within the vicinity of vessels but have not considered the approach phase of birds. Here we provide such an estimate by examining changes in the flight direction of GPS-tracked wandering albatrosses breeding on the Crozet Islands in response to the toothfish fishing fleet operating around the breeding grounds, monitored using GPS vessel monitoring system data. We show that although we detect increases in feeding behaviour only when albatrosses are within 3 km of boats, they display clear changes in flight direction, towards vessels, at distances up to 30 km. This distance is nearly 3 times as large as previous estimates, almost reaching the theoretical maximum visual range of an albatross. We discuss these results in the light of previous estimates, and pinpoint factors likely to affect the attraction distance. We suggest that this simple estimate of attraction distance could be investigated in other seabird-fishery systems, to improve our understanding of the factors affecting seabird interaction behaviour, and thus better predict when overlap will lead to interactions. |
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109 |
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0171-8630 |
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6188 |
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Author |
Heggøy O, Christensen-Dalsgaard S, Ranke PS, Chastel O, Bech C, |
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Title |
GPS-loggers influence behaviour and physiology in the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
521 |
Issue |
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Pages |
237-248 |
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Abstract |
In recent decades, data loggers and radio- and satellite transmitters have become an important technological part of research on free living animals. Loggers to track movements and behaviour are especially useful in seabird studies, as seabirds often travel considerable distances at sea where visual observations are challenging. The potential negative effects of these devices on mortality, behaviour and reproduction of birds have received some attention, but few studies have investigated the physiological effects of instrument attachment. In the present study, effects of global positioning system (GPS) loggers on black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla were investigated by obtaining behavioural and physiological parameters of stress (nest attendance, plasma levels of the avian stress hormone corticosterone [CORT], relative leucocyte counts, body mass and reproductive success) during 2 d of GPS-deployment. GPS-equipped kittiwakes had significantly elevated levels of CORT at recapture and also significantly extended the duration of feeding trips compared to controls. Kittiwakes with low body condition index (BCI) attended nests less than controls, and this pattern was more pronounced among GPS-equipped birds. The study underlines the need to take device effects into consideration when instrumenting seabirds. Potentially, effects may become more evident in birds with low body condition or in years where food is limited, and results from GPS-equipped birds should be viewed with this in mind. |
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0171-8630 |
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6025 |
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Author |
Vandenabeele SP, Shepard ELC, Grémillet D, Butler PJ, Martin GR, Wilson RP, |
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Title |
Are bio-telemetric devices a drag? Effects of external tags on the diving behaviour of great cormorants
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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Volume |
519 |
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239-249 |
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Abstract |
Externally attached remote-sensing devices used to study animals in their environment are a possible source of disturbance, notably in terms of drag, for diving species. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible effect of device-induced drag on the diving performance of great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo. Based on wind-tunnel measurements, we assessed the effect of device size on drag and derived a formula to predict how drag changes as a function of both swim speed and device cross-sectional area. Tests on captive cormorants indicated that drag had an effect on the energy expenditure (using dynamic body acceleration as a proxy) during the dive. Wind tunnel-derived drag metrics were combined with data from the literature to construct a model predicting the power consumption of diving cormorants according to device size. Applying the model to dive data from 6 free-living great cormorants (recorded using implanted time-depth recorders) indicated that a device constituting only ca. 3% of the bird’s cross-sectional area could cause a 1.7% increase in power consumption when swimming. However, if a bird maintains constant power underwater, e.g. by decreasing foraging speed with increasing drag, this would result in a 7.1% reduction in the distance travelled during the bottom (active hunting) phase of the dive. Device-related increases in drag are also likely to reduce the maximum speeds achievable by these pursuit predators. The present study highlights the interaction between both drag coefficient and swim speed for diving animals with externally attached devices. |
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388 |
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0171-8630 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6105 |
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Author |
Goutte A, Charrassin JB, Cherel Y, Carravieri A, De Grissac S, Massé G, |
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Title |
Importance of ice algal production for top predators: new insights using sea-ice biomarkers
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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Volume |
513 |
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Pages |
269-275 |
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Abstract |
ABSTRACT: Antarctic seals and seabirds are strongly dependent on sea-ice cover to complete their life history. In polar ecosystems, sea ice provides a habitat for ice-associated diatoms that ensures a substantial production of organic matter. Recent studies have presented the potential of highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) for tracing carbon flows from ice algae to higher-trophic-level organisms. However, to our knowledge, this new method has never been applied to sub-Antarctic species and Antarctic seals. Moreover, seasonal variations in HBI levels have never been investigated in Antarctic predators, despite a likely shift in food source from ice-derived to pelagic organic matter after sea-ice retreat. In the present study, we described HBI levels in a community of seabirds and seals breeding in Adélie Land, Antarctica. We then validated that sub-Antarctic seabirds had lower levels of diene, a HBI of sea-ice diatom origin, and higher levels of triene, a HBI of phytoplanktonic origin, compared with Antarctic seabirds. Finally, we explored temporal changes in HBI levels after the ice break up in summer. The level of diene relative to triene in Adélie penguin chicks increased and then declined during the breeding season, which was consistent with the short and intense proliferation of sea-ice algae in spring, followed by the pelagic phytoplankton bloom in summer. HBI biomarkers in Antarctic seabirds and seals thus indicate a shift from ice-algal derived organic matter to a pelagic carbon source during the summer breeding season. |
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109 |
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0171-8630 |
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yes |
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Serial |
5898 |
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Author |
Reiertsen TK, Erikstad KE, Anker-Nilssen T, Barrett RT, Boulinier T, Frederiksen M, Gremillet D, Johns D, Moe B, Ponchon A, Skern-Mauritzen M, Sandvik H, Yoccoz NG, |
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Title |
Prey density in non-breeding areas affects adult survival of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
509 |
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Pages |
289-302 |
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Abstract |
In migratory birds, environmental conditions in both breeding and non-breeding areas may affect adult survival rates and hence be significant drivers of demographic processes. In seabirds, poor knowledge of their true distribution outside the breeding season, however, has severely limited such studies. This study explored how annual adult survival rates of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla on Hornøya in the southern Barents Sea were related to temporal variation in prey densities and climatic parameters in their breeding and non-breeding areas. We used information on the kittiwakes’ spatiotemporal distribution in the non-breeding season gained from year-round light-based tracking devices (geolocators) and satellite transmitters, and kittiwake annual adult survival rates gained from a multistate capture-mark-recapture analysis of a 22 yr time series of colour-ringed kittiwakes. In the post-breeding period, kittiwakes concentrated in an area east of Svalbard, in the winter they stayed in the Grand Banks/Labrador Sea area, and in the pre-breeding period they returned to the Barents Sea. We identified 2 possible prey categories of importance for the survival of kittiwakes in these areas (sea butterflies Thecosomata in the Grand Banks/Labrador Sea area in winter and capelin Mallotus villosus in the Barents Sea in the pre-breeding season) that together explained 52% of the variation in adult survival rates. Our results may have important implications for the conservation of kittiwakes, which are declining globally, because other populations use the same areas. Since they are under the influence of major anthropogenic activities including fisheries, international shipping and the offshore oil and gas industry, both areas should be targeted for future management plans. |
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333 |
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0171-8630 |
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yes |
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4956 |
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Author |
Cherel Y, Connan M, Jaeger A, Richard P, |
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Title |
Seabird year-round and historical feeding ecology: blood and feather δ13C and δ15N values document foraging plasticity of small sympatric petrels |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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Volume |
505 |
Issue |
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Pages |
267-280 |
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Abstract |
The foraging ecology of small seabirds remains poorly understood because of the difficulty of studying them at sea. Here, the extent to which 3 sympatric seabirds (blue petrel, thin-billed prion and common diving petrel) alter their foraging ecology across the annual cycle was investigated using stable isotopes. δ13C and δ15N values were used as proxies of the birds’ foraging habitat and diet, respectively, and were measured in 3 tissues (plasma, blood cells and feathers) that record trophic information at different time scales. Long-term temporal changes were investigated by measuring feather isotopic values from museum specimens. The study was conducted at the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands and emphasizes 4 main features. (1) The 3 species highlight a strong connection between subantarctic and Antarctic pelagic ecosystems, because they all foraged in Antarctic waters at some stages of the annual cycle. (2) Foraging niches are stage-dependent, with petrels shifting their feeding grounds during reproduction either from oceanic to productive coastal waters (common diving petrel) or from subantarctic to high-Antarctic waters where they fed primarily on crustaceans (blue petrel and thin-billed prion). (3) The common diving petrel segregated from the surface-feeders blue petrel and thin-billed prion by a coastal habitat and lower trophic level prey, while the blue petrel segregated from the thin-billed prion by foraging further south and including more fish in its diet. (4) Feather δ13C and δ15N values from historical and recent specimens of thin-billed prion depicted a pronounced temporal shift to higher latitudes in its main moulting ground, where it feeds on higher trophic level prey. The study contributes to growing evidence that seabirds exhibit considerable foraging plasticity and sheds new light on their flexibility at different time scales (from intra-seasonal to decadal). |
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109 |
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0171-8630 |
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5040 |
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Author |
O'Toole Malcolm D., Hindell Mark A., Charrassin Jean-Benoit, Guinet Christophe |
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Title |
Foraging behaviour of southern elephant seals over the Kerguelen Plateau |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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MARINE ECOLOGY-PROGRESS SERIES |
Abbreviated Journal |
0171-8630 |
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109 |
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0171-8630 |
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5919 |
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Author |
Guinet C, Picard B, Bessigneul G, Lebras Y, Dragon AC, Viviant M, Arnould JPY, Bailleul F, |
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Title |
Southern elephant seal foraging success in relation to temperature and light conditions: insight into prey distribution
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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Volume |
499 |
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Pages |
285-301 |
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109 |
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0171-8630 |
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yes |
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5064 |
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Author |
Goutte A, Angelier F, Bech C, Clément-Chastel C, Dell’Omo G, Gabrielsen GW, Lendvai ÁZ, Moe B, Noreen E, Pinaud D, Tartu S, Chastel O, |
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Title |
Annual variation in the timing of breeding, pre‑breeding foraging areas and corticosterone levels in an Arctic population of black-legged kittiwakes
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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Volume |
496 |
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Pages |
233-247 |
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Late breeding usually occurs during years of poor environmental conditions, but the proximate mechanisms underlying this phenological pattern have been poorly documented. Here, we combined the deployment of GPS devices (from 2008 to 2010) and the monitoring of breeding parameters and baseline corticosterone levels (from 2007 to 2011) during the pre-laying period to investigate the proximate regulation of breeding date in an Arctic population of black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. The timing of breeding varied considerably during the course of the study and late breeding was associated with reduced clutch size and low breeding success at the individual level. Foraging strategies differed considerably between males and females and among years. All but one of the females tracked using GPS during the pre-laying period foraged inside the fjord, whereas tracked males foraged both inside and outside the fjord, using the deep waters of the Greenland-Svalbard ridge. Trips lasted longer and were to greater distances in 2009, the year of late breeding, compared to 2008 and 2010, highlighting a food scarcity in 2009. Corticosterone levels differed among years, and were the lowest in 2010, the year of earliest breeding. Moreover, kittiwakes exhibiting higher corticosterone levels tended to undertake longer trips when foraging outside the fjord. Breeding decision and laying date were not related to corticosterone levels at the individual level, but were positively influenced by body condition, suggesting that complex proximate mechanisms may affect timing of breeding in kittiwakes. |
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0171-8630 |
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5657 |
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Thiers L, Delord K, Barbraud C, Phillips RA, Pinaud D, Weimerskirch H, |
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Title |
Foraging zones of the two sibling species of giant petrels in the Indian Ocean throughout the annual cycle: implication for their conservation
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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Volume |
499 |
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233-248 |
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109 |
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0171-8630 |
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5117 |
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