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Sébastien Descamps, Benjamin Merkel, Hallvard Strøm, Rémi Choquet, Harald Steen, Jérome Fort, Maria Gavrilo, David Grémillet, Dariusz Jakubas, Kurt Jerstad, Nina J. Karnovsky, Yuri V. Krasnov, Børge Moe, Jorg Welcker, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas |
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Title |
Sharing wintering grounds does not synchronize annual survival in a high Arctic seabird, the little auk |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
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Pages |
233-242 |
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Keywords |
Alle alle Capture-mark-recapture Geolocator Migration Non-breeding distribution Synchrony |
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Abstract |
Sharing the same wintering grounds by avian populations breeding in various areas may synchronize fluctuations in vital rates, which could increase the risk of extinction. Here, by combining multi-colony tracking with long-term capture-recapture data, we studied the winter distribution and annual survival of the most numerous Arctic seabird, the little auk Alle alle. We assessed whether little auks from different breeding populations in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land use the same wintering grounds and if this leads to synchronized survival. Our results indicate that birds from the Svalbard colonies shared similar wintering grounds, although differences existed in the proportion of birds from each colony using the different areas. Little auks from Franz Josef Land generally spent the winter in a separate area, but some individuals wintered in the Iceland Sea with Svalbard populations. Survival data from 3 Svalbard colonies collected in 2005-2018 indicated that sharing wintering grounds did not synchronize little auk annual survival rates. However, it is clear that the Iceland Sea is an important wintering area for little auks, and environmental changes in this area could have widespread impacts on many populations. |
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388 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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Serial |
8419 |
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C. Michelot, A. Kato, T. Raclot, K. Shiomi, P. Goulet, P. Bustamante, Y. Ropert-Coudert |
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Title |
Sea-ice edge is more important than closer open water access for foraging Adélie penguins: evidence from two colonies |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
640 |
Issue |
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Pages |
215-230 |
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Keywords |
Colony Diet GPS Incubation trip Pygoscelis adeliae Sea-ice edge Stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
Sentinel species, like Adélie penguins, have been used to assess the impact of environmental changes, and their link with sea ice has received considerable attention. Here, we tested if foraging Adélie penguins from 2 colonies in East Antarctica target the distant sea-ice edge or take advantage of closer open waters that are readily available near their colony. We examined the foraging behaviour of penguins during the incubation trips of females in 2016 and males in 2017, using GPS tracking and diet data in view of daily sea-ice data and bathymetry. In 2016-2017, sea-ice cover was extensive during females’ trips but flaw leads and polynyas were close to both study sites. Sea ice receded rapidly during males’ trips in 2017-2018. Despite close open water near both colonies in both years, females and males preferentially targeted the continental slope and the sea-ice edge to forage. In addition, there was no difference in the diet of penguins from both colonies: all penguins fed mostly on Antarctic krill and males also foraged on Antarctic silverfish. Our results highlight the importance of the sea-ice edge for penguins, an area where food abundance is predictable. It is likely that resource availability was not sufficient in closer open water areas at such an early stage in the breeding season. The behaviours displayed by the penguins from both colonies were similar, suggesting a common behaviour across colonies in Terre Adélie, although additional sites would be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. |
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1091 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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7680 |
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M. Paar, B. Lebreton, M. Graeve, M. Greenacre, R. Asmus, H. Asmus |
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Title |
Food sources of macrozoobenthos in an Arctic kelp belt: trophic relationships revealed by stable isotope and fatty acid analyses |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
615 |
Issue |
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Pages |
31-49 |
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Keywords |
Detritus Food web Macroalgae Macrofauna Polar coastal ecosystem Trophic markers |
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Abstract |
Arctic kelp belts, made of large perennial macroalgae of the order Laminariales, are expanding because of rising temperatures and reduced sea ice cover of coastal waters. In summer 2013, the trophic relationships within a kelp belt food web in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen) were determined using fatty acid and stable isotope analyses. Low relative proportions of Phaeophyta fatty acid trophic markers (i.e. 20:4(n-6), 18:3(n-3) and 18:2(n-6)) in consumers (3.3-8.9%), as well as low 20:4(n-6)/20:5(n-3) ratios (<0.1-0.6), indicated that Phaeophyta were poorly used by macrozoobenthos as a food source, either fresh or as detritus. Relatively high δ13C values measured in macrozoobenthos (-22.5 to -16.1‰) ruled out an important role of erect Rhodophyta, which were much more 13C depleted (-37.1 to -35.8‰). Instead, δ13C values and relatively high abundances of typical diatom (14:0, 16:1(n-7), 20:5(n-3)) and flagellate (18:4(n-3), 22:6(n-3)) fatty acid trophic markers in consumers pointed out an important use of microalgae, likely of pelagic and benthic origin (i.e. senescent phytoplankton bloom, eroded epiphytes and suspended epilithic material). The use of these food resources may be fostered by their trapping under the kelp canopy. |
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1190 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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8304 |
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Author |
Paul Tixier, Joan Giménez, Ryan R. Reisinger, Paula Méndez-Fernandez, John P. Y. Arnould, Yves Cherel, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Importance of toothfish in the diet of generalist subantarctic killer whales: implications for fisheries interactions |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
613 |
Issue |
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Pages |
197-210 |
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Keywords |
Diet Fisheries Fishery interactions Killer whale Southern Ocean Stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
Fisheries may generate new feeding opportunities for marine predators, which switch foraging behaviour to depredation when they feed on fish directly from fishing gear. However, the role of diet in the propensity of individuals to depredate and whether the depredated resource is artificial or part of the natural diet of individuals is often unclear. Using stable isotopes, this study investigated the importance of the commercially exploited Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides in the diet of generalist subantarctic killer whales Orcinus orca depredating this fish at Crozet (45°S, 50°E). The isotopic niche of these killer whales was large and overlapped with that of sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus from the same region, which feed on toothfish both naturally and through depredation. There was no isotopic difference between killer whales that depredated toothfish and those that did not. Isotopic mixing models indicated that prey groups including large/medium sized toothfish and elephant seal Mirounga leonina pups represented ~60% of the diet relative to prey groups including penguins, baleen whales and coastal fish. These results indicate that toothfish are an important natural prey item of Crozet killer whales and that switching to depredation primarily occurs when fisheries facilitate access to that resource. This study suggests that toothfish, as a commercial species, may also have a key role as prey for top predators in subantarctic ecosystems. Therefore, assessing the extent to which predators use that resource naturally or from fisheries is now needed to improve both fish stock management and species conservation strategies. |
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109 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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7484 |
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Author |
Julien Collet, Gaétan Richard, Anais Janc, Christophe Guinet, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Influence of depredating cetaceans on albatross attraction and attendance patterns at fishing boats |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
605 |
Issue |
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Pages |
49-59 |
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Keywords |
Depredation Fisheries interactions GPS tracking Longliners Seabird foraging Sub-Antarctic Toothed whales Trophic interactions |
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Abstract |
Human fisheries inadvertently attract and provide food for a range of wild organisms worldwide with important ecological consequences. Some animals directly feed on human catch (‘depredators’, e.g. killer whales), causing economical losses and calling for wildlife management. However the impact of depredation (and its potential management) on the behaviour of the other scavengers attracted to vessels (e.g. seabirds) is unknown. We examined how the fine-scale behavioural response of wandering albatrosses to a toothfish longline fleet was influenced by the presence of depredating killer and/or sperm whales. We hypothesized that the presence of depredating whales might facilitate detection of and/or access to food at fishing vessels for surface-feeding albatrosses. We used seabird GPS tracking together with a vessel monitoring system (GPS vessel tracking) coupled with systematic onboard records of depredator numbers during 3 fishing seasons. We found that when albatrosses ‘encountered’ vessels (n = 254), they had the same probability to start attending vessels whether or not cetaceans were present. However, once attracted, they attended the vessel longer when depredators were present. We conclude that birds are attracted to vessels independently of the presence of cetaceans, but that depredating whales probably facilitate access to food for surface-feeding birds such as the wandering albatross. Scavenging behaviour of seabirds does not appear to be strongly dependent on the presence of depredating cetaceans and is likely minimally affected by changes in cetacean behaviour. This type of data is rare and we discuss how these results for wandering albatrosses could be generalized for other seabird species. |
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109 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8214 |
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Lisa A. Sztukowski, Peter A. Cotton, Henri Weimerskirch, David R. Thompson, Leigh G. Torres, Paul M. Sagar, Antony M. Knights, Annette L. Fayet, Stephen C. Votier |
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Title |
Sex differences in individual foraging site fidelity of Campbell albatross |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
601 |
Issue |
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Pages |
227-238 |
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Keywords |
Foraging effort GPS tracking Repeatability Route fidelity Sex effects |
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Abstract |
Inter-individual variation in behavioural traits has important implications for evolutionary and ecological processes. Site fidelity, where individuals consistently use the same foraging site, is common among marine predators. Sex differences in foraging are also well studied in marine vertebrates, but the extent to which consistent inter-individual differences in foraging vary between the sexes is poorly known. Here we quantified the effects of sex on individual foraging site fidelity (IFSF), both within and between years, in chick-brooding Campbell albatross Thalassarche impavida. Using bird-borne global positioning system loggers, we calculated route fidelity (nearest-neighbour distance), repeatability of site fidelity (terminal latitude and longitude), and foraging effort (total distance travelled and trip duration) during 2 to 10 repeat trips. Overall, Campbell albatrosses showed a high degree of site fidelity. Birds travelled to similar sites not only within the same year, but also between 2 consecutive years, suggesting that the within-year consistency is not simply in response to short-term patches of food. Moreover, within the same year, we found differences in terms of IFSF between the sexes. Females that foraged closer to the colony in neritic and shelf waters were more likely to follow similar routes on repeated foraging trips and were more consistent in their foraging effort than males. Males that foraged further offshore in pelagic waters had more repeatable foraging longitudes than females. Our study provides further evidence of the importance of IFSF among marine vertebrates. However, it also reveals that the strength of such specialisations may vary with sex. |
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109 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7188 |
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Author |
Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Andrew W. Trites, John P. Y. Arnould, John R. Speakman, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Trade-offs between foraging efficiency and pup feeding rate of lactating northern fur seals in a declining population |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
600 |
Issue |
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Pages |
207-222 |
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Keywords |
Diet Foraging efficiency Northern fur seal Pup growth Reproduction success |
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Abstract |
Foraging strategies and their resulting efficiency (energy gain to cost ratio) affect animals’ survival and reproductive success and can be linked to population dynamics. However, they have rarely been studied quantitatively in free-ranging animals. We investigated foraging strategies and efficiencies of wild northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus during their breeding season to understand potential links to the observed population decline in the Bering Sea. We equipped 20 lactating females with biologgers to determine at-sea foraging behaviours. We measured energy expenditure while foraging using the doubly-labelled water method, and energy gained using (1) the types and energy densities of prey consumed, and (2) the number of prey capture attempts (from acceleration data). Our results show that seals employed 2 foraging strategies: one group (40%) fed mostly in oceanic waters on small, high energy-density prey, while the other (60%) stayed over the shallow continental shelf feeding mostly on larger, lower quality fish. Females foraging in oceanic waters captured 3 times more prey, and had double the foraging efficiencies of females that foraged on-shelf in neritic waters. However, neritic seals made comparatively shorter trips, and likely fed their pups ~20 to 25% more frequently. The presence of these strategies which either favor foraging efficiency (energy) or frequency of nursing (time) might be maintained in the population because they have similar net fitness outcomes. However, neither strategy appears to simultaneously maximize time and energy allocated to nursing, with potential impacts on the survival of pups during their first year at sea. |
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1201 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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7366 |
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Charlène Guillaumot, Alexis Martin, Marc Eléaume, Thomas Saucède |
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Title |
Methods for improving species distribution models in data-poor areas: example of sub-Antarctic benthic species on the Kerguelen Plateau |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
594 |
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Pages |
149-164 |
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Keywords |
Historical datasets Kerguelen Plateau Model performance Presence-only data Species distribution modeling |
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Abstract |
Species distribution models (SDMs) are essential tools to aid conservation biologists in evaluating the combined effects of environmental change and human activities on natural habitats and for the development of relevant conservation plans. However, modeling species distributions over vast and remote regions is often challenging due to poor and heterogeneous data sets, and this raises questions regarding the relevance of the modeling procedures. In recent years, there have been many methodological developments in SDM procedures using virtual species and broad data sets, but few solutions have been proposed to deal with poor or heterogeneous data. In the present work, we address this methodological challenge by studying the performance of different modeling procedures based on 4 real species, using presence-only data compiled from various oceanographic surveys on the Kerguelen Plateau (Southern Ocean). We followed a practical protocol to test for the reliability and performance of the models and to correct for limited and aggregated data, as well as accounting for spatial and temporal sampling biases. Our results show that producing reliable SDMs is feasible as long as the amount and quality of available data allow testing and correcting for these biases. However, we found that SDMs could be corrected for spatial and temporal heterogeneities in only 1 of the 4 species we examined, highlighting the need to consider all potential biases when modeling species distributions. Finally, we show that model reliability and performance also depend on the interaction between the incompleteness of the data and species niches, with the distribution of narrow-niche species being less sensitive to data gaps than species occupying wider niches. |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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7106 |
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Virginie Galindo, Michel Gosselin, Johann Lavaud, Christopher John Mundy, Brent Else, Jens Ehn, Marcel Babin, Søren Rysgaard |
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Title |
Pigment composition and photoprotection of Arctic sea ice algae during spring |
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Year |
2017 |
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Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
585 |
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49-69 |
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Keywords |
Arctic Ice algae Light memory Photoacclimation Pigments Snow melt |
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Abstract |
From the beginning of spring to the melt period, ice algae in the bottom of Arctic sea ice experience a large irradiance range, varying from <0.1% up to 25–30% of the incoming visible radiation. The increase in spring is usually rapid, with a varying photoacclimative response by bottom ice algae to protect themselves against excess light, such as changes in cellular pigment composition. This study focused on the temporal variation in pigment composition of bottom ice algae under 2 contrasting snow depths (thin and thick) during spring. Controlled experiments were also carried out to investigate the photoprotective capacity of ice algae to relatively high irradiances during a short-term period (<6 h). Ice algae were able to photoacclimate rapidly and effectively to irradiance ranging from 10 to 100 µmol photons m-2 s-1. However, we observed contrasting responses in photoacclimation depending on the ice algal community composition and their light history. Our experimental results suggest that the xanthophyll cycle (diadinoxanthin to diatoxanthin conversion) and D1-protein recycling play an important role in stabilizing photoprotection in ice algae. In addition, bottom ice algae likely employed a ‘cellular light-exposure memory’ strategy in order to improve their photoacclimative response to changing light exposure. According to our data, this process could be maintained over at least 2 wk. Hence, ice algae may be more resilient to varying light conditions than previously thought and may be well-adapted for the expected future light regime changes associated with variability in snow and sea ice cover. |
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1164 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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8130 |
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Elodie C. M. Camprasse, Yves Cherel, John P. Y. Arnould, Andrew J. Hoskins, Paco Bustamante, Charles-André Bost |
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Title |
Mate similarity in foraging Kerguelen shags: a combined bio-logging and stable isotope investigation |
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2017 |
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Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
578 |
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183-196 |
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Keywords |
Diet Diving behaviour Kerguelen shags Mate choice Pair similarity Spatial use Stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
Similarity or dissimilarity between 2 individuals that have formed a pair to breed can occur in morphology, behaviour and diet. Such patterns influence partners’ cooperation when rearing their offspring, consequently influencing reproductive success. They may confer different benefits, depending on species and contexts. However, the extent to which breeding partners are more similar in morphology, behaviour, and diet is poorly documented. Furthermore, the relationship between behavioural consistency and mate choice is particularly poorly understood. To investigate these issues, Kerguelen shags Phalacrocorax verrucosus, which are monogamous with high mate fidelity across years, were studied. Partners were equipped with GPS and diving behaviour loggers. Feather and blood samples were analysed for stable isotopes (δ13C, a proxy of foraging habitat, and δ15N, a proxy of diet/trophic position). Generalized linear mixed effects models and permutation tests were used to investigate pair similarity in morphology, foraging behaviour, behavioural consistency, overlap in foraging areas, and diets/foraging habitats. Mates were found not to exhibit size-assortative mating, but were more similar in foraging behaviour. They did not show assortative or disassortative mating based on foraging behavioural consistency. Furthermore, they followed more similar bearings and overlapped more in foraging areas. In accordance with this, partners were more similar in δ15N. Given the lack of assortative mating by morphology, the similarity in behaviour could be due to individuals selecting mates with similar foraging abilities, linked with individual quality, and/or subsequently using information gained from their partners’ foraging strategies (e.g. local enhancement). This could help breeding pairs increase their foraging efficiency and reproductive success. |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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8276 |
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