Abstract: Solar Energetic Particles (Seps) Are Nucleons And Electrons Of High, Sometimes Relativistic, Energies That Are Accelerated During Coronal Eruptive Events And Escape To The Interplanetary Space, Where They Are Measured In Situ. Seps Have A Twofold Importance. On The One Hand They Present A Unique Means In Astrophysics To Combine Detailed Measurements Of Particle Abundances, Spectra, And Angular Distribution With Remote Sensing Observations Of The Plasma Environment Where The Particles Are Or Might Be Accelerated. On The Other Hand The Particles Are Relevant To Space Weather: They Interact With The Electronics Aboard Spacecraft And Aircraft, Ionise The Polar Atmosphere Of The Earth With Ensuing Consequences For Radio Wave Propagation, And, When The Spectrum Extends To Relativistic Energies, They Produce Additional Radiation Doses At Aircraft Altitudes. This Talk Will Give An Overview Of Sep Events And Their Association With Flares And Cmes, Address The Question To Which Extent The Observed Associations Give Clues To The Identification Of Relevant Acceleration Processes, And Outline Their Space Weather Relevance. The Upcoming Observations Of Seps Close To The Sun With Parker Solar Probe And Solar Orbiter Will Give Us New Tools To Combine Direct Particle Measurements, Which Will Be Much Less Affected By Interplanetary Propagation Than Traditional Measurements Near 1 Au, With Remote Sensing Observations From Space And Ground To Elucidate The Wealth Of Physical Processes That Generate High-energy Particles In Solar Eruptive Events.

Abstract: Recent studies of the atmospheric boundary layer at Dome C, Antarctica indicate...