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Author |
Alexander Kokhanovsky, Simon Gascoin, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard |
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Title |
Retrieval of Snow Albedo and Total Ozone Column from Single-View MSI/S-2 Spectral Reflectance Measurements over Antarctica |
Type  |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
4404 |
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Keywords |
albedo inverse problems light scattering radiative transfer snow snow grain size |
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Abstract |
We proposed a simple algorithm to retrieve the total ozone column and snow properties (spectral albedo and effective light absorption path) using the high spatial resolution single–view MSI/S-2 measurements over Antarctica. In addition, the algorithm allows the retrieval of the snow grain size on a scale of 10–20 m. This algorithm should be useful for the understanding of intra-pixel total ozone and snow albedo variability in complement to satellite observations performed on a much coarser spatial resolution scale (0.3–1 km and even larger spatial scales). |
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1110 |
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2072-4292 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8305 |
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Author |
Mathieu Casado, Amaelle Landais, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Giuliano Dreossi, Barbara Stenni, Frederic Prié |
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Title |
Water Isotopic Signature of Surface Snow Metamorphism in Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
e2021GL093382 |
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Keywords |
excess Ice cores metamorhism Paleoclimate water isotopes |
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Abstract |
Water isotope ratios of ice cores are a key source of information on past temperatures. Through fractionation within the hydrological cycle, temperature is imprinted in the water isotopic composition of snowfalls. However, this signal of climatic interest is modified after deposition when snow remains at the surface exposed to the atmosphere. Comparing time series of surface snow isotopic composition at Dome C with satellite observations of surface snow metamorphism, we found that long summer periods without precipitation favor surface snow metamorphism altering the surface snow isotopic composition. Using excess parameters (combining D,17O, and 18O fractions) allow the identification of this alteration caused by sublimation and condensation of surface hoar. The combined measurement of all three isotopic compositions could help identifying ice core sections influenced by snow metamorphism in sites with very low snow accumulation. |
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1110 |
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1944-8007 |
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yes |
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8306 |
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Author |
Anaïs Janc, Christophe Guinet, David Pinaud, Gaëtan Richard, Pascal Monestiez, Paul Tixier |
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Title |
Fishing behaviours and fisher effect in decision-making processes when facing depredation by marine predators |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Fisheries Management and Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
528-541 |
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Keywords |
experience individual perceptions optimal foraging theory skipper behaviour sustainability of fish stocks whale–fisheries interactions |
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Abstract |
Fishers aim to optimise cost–benefit ratios of their behaviour when exploiting resources. Avoidance of interactions with marine predators (i.e. their feeding on catches in fishing gear, known as depredation) has recently become an important component of their decisions. How fishers minimise these interactions whilst maximising fishing success is poorly understood. This issue is addressed in a sub-Antarctic, long-line fishery confronted with extensive depredation by sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus and killer whales Orcinus orca by examining a 15-year data set. Whereas a broad range of behaviours was identified from spatio-temporal and operational descriptors, none combined high fishing success with low frequency of interactions. With experience, fishers favoured exploitation of productive patches with high frequencies of interactions over avoidance behaviours. Such decisions, although potentially optimal in the short term, are likely to intensify pressures on fish stocks and impact depredating whales. Therefore, the present study provides additional evidence to inform management decisions pertaining to the coexistence between fisheries and marine predators. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
1365-2400 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8307 |
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Author |
Stephanie Jenouvrier, Judy Che-Castaldo, Shaye Wolf, Marika Holland, Sara Labrousse, Michelle LaRue, Barbara Wienecke, Peter Fretwell, Christophe Barbraud, Noah Greenwald, Julienne Stroeve, Philip N. Trathan |
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Title |
The call of the emperor penguin: Legal responses to species threatened by climate change |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
5008-5029 |
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Keywords |
climate risk assessments Endangered Species Act foreseeable future population projections redundancy and representation (3Rs) resiliency sea ice projections species distribution treatment of scientific uncertainty |
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Abstract |
Species extinction risk is accelerating due to anthropogenic climate change, making it urgent to protect vulnerable species through legal frameworks in order to facilitate conservation actions that help mitigate risk. Here, we discuss fundamental concepts for assessing climate change risks to species using the example of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), currently being considered for protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). This species forms colonies on Antarctic sea ice, which is projected to significantly decline due to ongoing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We project the dynamics of all known emperor penguin colonies under different GHG emission scenarios using a climate-dependent meta-population model including the effects of extreme climate events based on the observational satellite record of colonies. Assessments for listing species under the ESA require information about how species resiliency, redundancy and representation (3Rs) will be affected by threats within the foreseeable future. Our results show that if sea ice declines at the rate projected by climate models under current energy system trends and policies, the 3Rs would be dramatically reduced and almost all colonies would become quasi-extinct by 2100. We conclude that the species should be listed as threatened under the ESA. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1365-2486 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8308 |
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Author |
Philip Bertrand, Joël Bêty, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Marie-Josée Fortin, Hallvard Strøm, Harald Steen, Jack Kohler, Stephanie M. Harris, Samantha C. Patrick, Olivier Chastel, P. Blévin, Haakon Hop, Geir Moholdt, Joséphine Maton, Sébastien Descamps |
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Title |
Fine-scale spatial segregation in a pelagic seabird driven by differential use of tidewater glacier fronts |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22109 |
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Keywords |
Behavioural ecology Biogeography |
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Abstract |
In colonially breeding marine predators, individual movements and colonial segregation are influenced by seascape characteristics. Tidewater glacier fronts are important features of the Arctic seascape and are often described as foraging hotspots. Albeit their documented importance for wildlife, little is known about their structuring effect on Arctic predator movements and space use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tidewater glacier fronts can influence marine bird foraging patterns and drive spatial segregation among adjacent colonies. We analysed movements of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a glacial fjord by tracking breeding individuals from five colonies. Although breeding kittiwakes were observed to travel up to ca. 280 km from the colony, individuals were more likely to use glacier fronts located closer to their colony and rarely used glacier fronts located farther away than 18 km. Such variation in the use of glacier fronts created fine-scale spatial segregation among the four closest (ca. 7 km distance on average) kittiwake colonies. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that spatially predictable foraging patches like glacier fronts can have strong structuring effects on predator movements and can modulate the magnitude of intercolonial spatial segregation in central-place foragers. |
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330 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8309 |
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Author |
William Jouanneau, Don-Jean Léandri-Breton, Alexandre Corbeau, Dorte Herzke, Børge Moe, Vladimir A. Nikiforov, Geir W. Gabrielsen, Olivier Chastel |
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Title |
A Bad Start in Life? Maternal Transfer of Legacy and Emerging Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances to Eggs in an Arctic Seabird |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environmental Science & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
6091-6102 |
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Abstract |
In birds, maternal transfer is a major exposure route for several contaminants, including poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Little is known, however, about the extent of the transfer of the different PFAS compounds to the eggs, especially for alternative fluorinated compounds. In the present study, we measured legacy and emerging PFAS, including Gen-X, ADONA, and F-53B, in the plasma of prelaying black-legged kittiwake females breeding in Svalbard and the yolk of their eggs. We aimed to (1) describe the contaminant levels and patterns in both females and eggs, and (2) investigate the maternal transfer, that is, biological variables and the relationship between the females and their eggs for each compound. Contamination of both females and eggs were dominated by linPFOS then PFUnA or PFTriA. We notably found 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid─a precursor of long-chain carboxylates─in 84% of the egg yolks, and provide the first documented finding of ADONA in wildlife. Emerging compounds were all below the detection limit in female plasma. There was a linear association between females and eggs for most of the PFAS. Analyses of maternal transfer ratios in females and eggs suggest that the transfer is increasing with PFAS carbon chain length, therefore the longest chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were preferentially transferred to the eggs. The mean ∑PFAS in the second-laid eggs was 73% of that in the first-laid eggs. Additional effort on assessing the outcome of maternal transfers on avian development physiology is essential, especially for PFCAs and emerging fluorinated compounds which are under-represented in experimental studies. |
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Programme |
330 |
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ISSN |
0013-936X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8315 |
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Author |
Lavrillier, A., Gabyshev S. |
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Title |
A Siberian Indigenous Knowledge System for Understanding Climate Change |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Interact – stories of arctic science ii |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
II |
Issue |
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Pages |
18-19, 115 |
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Programme |
1127 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8319 |
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Author |
Fabrice Genevois, Christophe Barbraud |
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Title |
An observation of a gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua feeding an Adélie penguin P. adeliae chick |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
217-219 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Interspecific feeding Penguin |
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Abstract |
Interspecific feeding refers to behavior where an adult of one species feeds the young of another species, with the exclusion of brood parasitism. In birds, most of observed cases concern passerines and this behavior has so far never been described among seabirds. We report on interspecific feeding provided by an adult gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua to an Adélie penguin P. adeliae chick on the Antarctic Peninsula. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8324 |
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Author |
Clive R. McMahon, Fabien Roquet, Sophie Baudel, Mathieu Belbeoch, Sophie Bestley, Clint Blight, Lars Boehme, Fiona Carse, Daniel P. Costa, Michael A. Fedak, Christophe Guinet, Robert Harcourt, Emma Heslop, Mark A. Hindell, Xavier Hoenner, Kim Holland, Mellinda Holland, Fabrice R. A. Jaine, Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Ian Jonsen, Theresa R. Keates, Kit M. Kovacs, Sara Labrousse, Philip Lovell, Christian Lydersen, David March, Matthew Mazloff, Megan K. McKinzie, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Kevin O’Brien, Lachlan Phillips, Esther Portela, Jonathan Pye, Stephen Rintoul, Katsufumi Sato, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Samantha E. Simmons, Vardis M. Tsontos, Victor Turpin, Esmee van Wijk, Danny Vo, Mia Wege, Frederick Gilbert Whoriskey, Kenady Wilson, Bill Woodward |
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Title |
Animal Borne Ocean Sensors – AniBOS – An Essential Component of the Global Ocean Observing System |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Marine animals equipped with biological and physical electronic sensors have produced long-term data streams on key marine environmental variables, hydrography, animal behavior and ecology. These data are an essential component of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The Animal Borne Ocean Sensors (AniBOS) network aims to coordinate the long-term collection and delivery of marine data streams, providing a complementary capability to other GOOS networks that monitor Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), essential climate variables (ECVs) and essential biodiversity variables (EBVs). AniBOS augments observations of temperature and salinity within the upper ocean, in areas that are under-sampled, providing information that is urgently needed for an improved understanding of climate and ocean variability and for forecasting. Additionally, measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and dissolved oxygen concentrations are emerging. The observations AniBOS provides are used widely across the research, modeling and operational oceanographic communities. High latitude, shallow coastal shelves and tropical seas have historically been sampled poorly with traditional observing platforms for many reasons including sea ice presence, limited satellite coverage and logistical costs. Animal-borne sensors are helping to fill that gap by collecting and transmitting in near real time an average of 500 temperature-salinity-depth profiles per animal annually and, when instruments are recovered (∼30% of instruments deployed annually, n = 103 ± 34), up to 1,000 profiles per month in these regions. Increased observations from under-sampled regions greatly improve the accuracy and confidence in estimates of ocean state and improve studies of climate variability by delivering data that refine climate prediction estimates at regional and global scales. The GOOS Observations Coordination Group (OCG) reviews, advises on and coordinates activities across the global ocean observing networks to strengthen the effective implementation of the system. AniBOS was formally recognized in 2020 as a GOOS network. This improves our ability to observe the ocean’s structure and animals that live in them more comprehensively, concomitantly improving our understanding of global ocean and climate processes for societal benefit consistent with the UN Sustainability Goals 13 and 14: Climate and Life below Water. Working within the GOOS OCG framework ensures that AniBOS is an essential component of an integrated Global Ocean Observing System. |
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Programme |
1201 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2296-7745 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8326 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jonathan D. Wille, Vincent Favier, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Cécile Agosta, Christoph Kittel, Jai Chowdhry Beeman, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Francis Codron |
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Title |
Antarctic Atmospheric River Climatology and Precipitation Impacts |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e2020JD033788 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica atmospheric rivers climatology meteorology |
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Abstract |
The Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) is sensitive to short-term extreme meteorological events that can leave long-term impacts on the continent's surface mass balance (SMB). We investigate the impacts of atmospheric rivers (ARs) on the AIS precipitation budget using an AR detection algorithm and a regional climate model (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) from 1980 to 2018. While ARs and their associated extreme vapor transport are relatively rare events over Antarctic coastal regions (∼3 days per year), they have a significant impact on the precipitation climatology. ARs are responsible for at least 10% of total accumulated snowfall across East Antarctica (localized areas reaching 20%) and a majority of extreme precipitation events. Trends in AR annual frequency since 1980 are observed across parts of AIS, most notably an increasing trend in Dronning Maud Land; however, interannual variability in AR frequency is much larger. This AR behavior appears to drive a significant portion of annual snowfall trends across East Antarctica, while controlling the interannual variability of precipitation across most of the AIS. AR landfalls are most likely when the circumpolar jet is highly amplified during blocking conditions in the Southern Ocean. There is a fingerprint of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on AR variability in West Antarctica with SAM+ (SAM−) favoring increased AR frequency in the Antarctic Peninsula (Amundsen-Ross Sea coastline). Given the relatively large influence ARs have on precipitation across the continent, it is advantageous for future studies of moisture transport to Antarctica to consider an AR framework especially when considering future SMB changes. |
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Programme |
411 |
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ISSN |
2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8327 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
