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Elena Barbaro, Krystyna Koziol, Mats P. Björkman, Carmen P. Vega, Christian Zdanowicz, Tonu Martma, Jean-Charles Gallet, Daniel Kępski, Catherine Larose, Bartłomiej Luks, Florian Tolle, Thomas V. Schuler, Aleksander Uszczyk, Andrea Spolaor |
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Title |
Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3163-3180 |
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Abstract |
The Svalbard archipelago, located at the Arctic sea-ice edge between 74 and 81∘ N, is ∼60 % covered by glaciers. The region experiences rapid variations in atmospheric flow during the snow season (from late September to May) and can be affected by air advected from both lower and higher latitudes, which likely impact the chemical composition of snowfall. While long-term changes in Svalbard snow chemistry have been documented in ice cores drilled from two high-elevation glaciers, the spatial variability of the snowpack composition across Svalbard is comparatively poorly understood. Here, we report the results of the most comprehensive seasonal snow chemistry survey to date, carried out in April 2016 across 22 sites on seven glaciers across the archipelago. At each glacier, three snowpits were sampled along the altitudinal profiles and the collected samples were analysed for major ions (Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, NH4+, SO42-, Br−, Cl−, and NO3-) and stable water isotopes (δ18O, δ2H). The main aims were to investigate the natural and anthropogenic processes influencing the snowpack and to better understand the influence of atmospheric aerosol transport and deposition patterns on the snow chemical composition. The snow deposited in the southern region of Svalbard is characterized by the highest total ionic loads, mainly attributed to sea-salt particles. Both NO3- and NH4+ in the seasonal snowpack reflect secondary aerosol formation and post-depositional changes, resulting in very different spatial deposition patterns: NO3- has its highest loading in north-western Spitsbergen and NH4+ in the south-west. The Br− enrichment in snow is highest in north-eastern glacier sites closest to areas of extensive sea-ice coverage. Spatial correlation patterns between Na+ and δ18O suggest that the influence of long-range transport of aerosols on snow chemistry is proportionally greater above 600–700 m a.s.l. |
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1192 |
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1680-7316 |
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1680-7316 |
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8608 |
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Rob Harcourt, Mark A. Hindell, Clive R. McMahon, Kimberly T. Goetz, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Karine Heerah, Rachel Holser, Ian D. Jonsen, Michelle R. Shero, Xavier Hoenner, Rose Foster, Baukje Lenting, Esther Tarszisz, Matthew Harry Pinkerton |
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Title |
Regional Variation in Winter Foraging Strategies by Weddell Seals in Eastern Antarctica and the Ross Sea |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
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8 |
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The relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of animal foraging is often difficult to quantify. The most southerly breeding mammal, the Weddell seal, remains in the Antarctic pack-ice year-round. We compared Weddell seals tagged at three geographically and hydrographically distinct locations in East Antarctica (Prydz Bay, Terre Adélie, and the Ross Sea) to quantify the role of individual variability and habitat structure in winter foraging behaviour. Most Weddell seals remained in relatively small areas close to the coast throughout the winter, but some dispersed widely. Individual utilisation distributions (UDi, a measure of the total area used by an individual seal) ranged from 125 to 20,825 km2. This variability was not due to size or sex but may be due to other intrinsic states for example reproductive condition or personality. The type of foraging (benthic vs. pelagic) varied from 56.6 ± 14.9% benthic dives in Prydz Bay through 42.1 ± 9.4% Terre Adélie to only 25.1 ± 8.7% in the Ross Sea reflecting regional hydrographic structure. The probability of benthic diving was less likely the deeper the ocean. Ocean topography was also influential at the population level; seals from Terre Adélie, with its relatively narrow continental shelf, had a core (50%) UD of only 200 km2, considerably smaller than the Ross Sea (1650 km2) and Prydz Bay (1700 km2). Sea ice concentration had little influence on the time the seals spent in shallow coastal waters, but in deeper offshore water they used areas of higher ice concentration. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Ross Sea encompass all the observed Weddell seal habitat, and future MPAs that include the Antarctic continental shelf are likely to effectively protect key Weddell seal habitat. |
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1182 |
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2296-7745 |
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2296-7745 |
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yes |
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8609 |
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Richard D. Ray, Bryant D. Loomis, Victor Zlotnicki |
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Title |
The mean seasonal cycle in relative sea level from satellite altimetry and gravimetry |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geodesy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
95 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
80 |
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Keywords |
Annual geocenter motion Annual land motion Annual/semiannual cycle Satellite altimetry |
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Abstract |
Satellite altimetry and gravimetry are used to determine the mean seasonal cycle in relative sea level, a quantity relevant to coastal flooding and related applications. The main harmonics (annual, semiannual, terannual) are estimated from 25 years of gridded altimetry, while several conventional altimeter “corrections” (gravitational tide, pole tide, and inverted barometer) are restored. To transform from absolute to relative sea levels, a model of vertical land motion is developed from a high-resolution seasonal mass inversion estimated from satellite gravimetry. An adjustment for annual geocenter motion accounts for use of a center-of-mass reference frame in satellite orbit determination. A set of 544 test tide gauges, from which seasonal harmonics have been estimated from hourly measurements, is used to assess how accurately each adjustment to the altimeter data helps converge the results to true relative sea levels. At these gauges, the median annual and semiannual amplitudes are 7.1 cm and 2.2 cm, respectively. The root-mean-square differences with altimetry are 3.24 and 1.17 cm, respectively, which are reduced to 1.93 and 0.86 cm after restoration of corrections and adjustment for land motion. Example outliers highlight some limitations of present-day coastal altimetry owing to inadequate spatial resolution: upwelling and currents off Oregon and wave setup at Minamitori Island. |
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688 |
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ISSN |
1432-1394 |
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yes |
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8610 |
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Author |
Gómez Coutouly, Yan Axel |
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Title |
Un peuplement antérieur à 20 000 ans en Amérique ? Le caractère anthropique des sites de Pedra Furada (Brésil) en question |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Bulletin de la société préhistorique française |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
245-275 |
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1217 |
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yes |
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8690 |
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Michaël Beaulieu, Michael Dähne, Jane Köpp, Coline Marciau, Akiko Kato, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Thierry Raclot |
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Title |
Exploring the interplay between nest vocalizations and foraging behaviour in breeding birds |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
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Volume |
180 |
Issue |
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Pages |
375-391 |
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Keywords |
bird communication foraging behaviour reproductive partner vocalization |
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Abstract |
In many bird species, reproductive partners sing together each time they meet on the nest. Because these nest ceremonies typically correspond to the return of one partner from foraging and to the subsequent departure of the other partner, we hypothesized that the foraging decisions of departing birds may be facilitated by the vocalizations accompanying their partner's return on the nest, providing these vocalizations reflect foraging conditions. We examined this hypothesis in pairs of Adélie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, by longitudinally monitoring their nest vocalizations and their spatial distribution when foraging at sea across the guard stage, when both parents regularly alternate foraging at sea and chick attendance at the nest. We found that the acoustic characteristics of the vocalizations produced during nest relief ceremonies reflected some characteristics of the foraging trips of both the returning and departing partners. However, these acoustic characteristics differed between partners and were differently related to their foraging behaviour. Accordingly, departing individuals did not adopt the same foraging behaviour as that of returning individuals. Nest vocalizations therefore do not appear to represent cues facilitating the foraging decisions of departing birds, but they may rather reflect the arousal of partners, which differently correlates with the foraging behaviour of the returning and departing individuals. Our study highlights an interplay between the vocalizations produced on the nest by reproductive partners and their foraging behaviour, thereby broadening the scope of animal vocalizations and opening a novel perspective on the regulation of foraging strategies. However, our exploratory study also highlights the complexity of examining this interplay, as the effects of nest vocalizations on foraging decisions may be complicated by other factors (e.g. intrinsic foraging capacity). This calls for the use of additional and experimental approaches (e.g. vocalization playbacks) to clarify the role of nest vocalizations as potential mediators of foraging decisions. |
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1091 |
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0003-3472 |
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yes |
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8760 |
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Author |
N. Aubone, M. Saraceno, M. L. Torres Alberto, J. Campagna, L. Le Ster, B. Picard, M. Hindell, C. Campagna, C. R. Guinet |
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Title |
Physical changes recorded by a deep diving seal on the Patagonian slope drive large ecological changes |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Marine Systems |
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Volume |
223 |
Issue |
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Pages |
103612 |
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Keywords |
Elephant seals Malvinas current Patagonian shelf slope Southwestern Atlantic Ocean |
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Abstract |
The Patagonian slope is the region where Subantarctic waters and bathymetry give raise to physical and ecological processes that support a rich biodiversity and a large-scale industrial fisheries. Unique among the species that depend on this region is the deep diving southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina. We report here on changes in the foraging behavior of a female seal explained by the combined effect of a cold and high salinity water mass and a decrease in surface chlorophyll-a concentration. Behavioral and oceanographic data from about 5000 profiles of temperature, conductivity, pressure, light and prey encounters were collected within an area ranging 59.5–61°W and 46–47.5°S, at depths of 300–700 m, on the Patagonian slope, during November–December 2018. A decrease in temperature (0.15 °C) and an increase in salinity (0.03) was found below the mixed layer, during December. Light data revealed a significant increase of irradiance in December (almost reaching the ocean bottom) associated with a decrease of chlorophyll-a in the upper levels. Concomitantly, the seal had a different diving behavior in December, foraging near the surface at night and close to the bottom during daylight hours. Also, the seal doubled the prey capture attempts in December compared to November. This study reveals the importance of ocean physical properties on seal's diving and foraging behavior, and how this changes, although small, can impact on seals diet and body composition during their post-breeding trips. |
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1201 |
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0924-7963 |
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yes |
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8771 |
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Author |
Crouzet N. |
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Title |
Monitoring warm transiting exoplanets for Ariel with ASTEP+ |
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Communication |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journée Ariel France, 28 janvier 2021 |
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1066 |
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yes |
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7826 |
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Akers P., Savarino, J., Caillon, N. |
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Title |
Reconstructing Antarctic snow accumulation using nitrogen isotopes of nitrate |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
EGU General Assembly, 19-30 April 2021 |
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1177 |
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yes |
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7866 |
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Barbero A., Grilli R., Blouzon C., Ahmed S., Thomas J.L., Frey M., Huang Y., Caillon N., Savarino J. |
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Title |
Innovative approach for new estimation of NOx snow-source on the Antarctic Plateau |
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Communication |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
EGU General Assembly, 19-30 April 2021 |
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1177 |
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yes |
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7867 |
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Sarah Albertin, Slimane Bekki, Joël Savarino |
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Title |
Nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) and oxygen isotope anomalies (Δ17O, δ18O) in atmospheric nitrogen dioxide : a new perspective for isotopic constraints on oxidation and aerosols formation processes |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
EGU General Assembly 2021, 10-30 april 2021, Vienna, Austria |
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1215 |
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EGU21-2634 |
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yes |
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8511 |
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