| Records |
| Author |
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| Title |
Contribution of toothfish depredated on fishing lines to the energy intake of killer whales off the Crozet Islands: a multi-scale bioenergetic approach |
Type  |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
668 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
149-161 |
| Keywords |
Bioenergetic model Depredation Dissostichus eleginoides Ecosystem-based management Fisheries interaction Marine mammals Orcinus orca Top predator conservation |
| Abstract |
Fisheries modify prey availability for marine predators by extracting resources but also by providing them with new feeding opportunities. Among these, depredation, which occurs when predators feed on fish caught on fishing gear, is a behavior developed by many species as a way to acquire food through limited foraging effort. However, the extent to which depredated resources from fisheries contribute to the energetic requirements and affect the demography of depredating individuals is unknown. We investigated the contribution of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides depredated on longlines to the energetic requirements of killer whales Orcinus orca around the Crozet Islands (southern Indian Ocean) over the period 2007-2018. Our results indicate that during days when depredation occurred, depredating individuals fulfilled on average 94.1% of their daily energetic requirements with depredated toothfish. However, the contribution varied from 1.2 to 13.3% of the monthly energetic requirements and from 2.4 to 8.8% of the yearly energetic requirements of the total population. Together, these findings suggest that intake of depredated toothfish can be substantial at a fine scale (daily and individually), potentially leading to temporary provisioning effects and changes in predation pressures. These effects become minor (<10%), however, when considering the full population over a whole year. The contribution of depredated fish to the annual energetic requirements of the population has increased in recent years, likely due to larger fishing quotas and greater opportunities for whales to depredate, which stresses the importance of accounting for depredation in ecosystem-based management of fishing activity. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8335 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
David Byrne, Jeff Polton, Colin Bell |
| Title |
Creation of a global tide analysis dataset: Application of NEMO and an offline objective analysis scheme |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Operational Oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-14 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The accurate prediction of tides is vital for the operation of many industries, early warning of coastal flooding and scientific understanding of ocean processes. In this paper, we describe the creation method of a global dataset of tidal harmonics using NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) for the first time and an offline objective analysis scheme. Data are assimilated as part of a post-processing step, reducing the computational resources required. A reduced ensemble of tidal harmonics is generated, where each member is run for a shorter period of time than a central background state. This ensemble is used to estimate a single background covariance state, which is used for analysis. Output is validated using an ensemble of objective analyses. For each ensemble member, random selections of observations are omitted and validation is performed at these locations. Improvements in both Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and correlation coefficients (R2) are seen across all 6 of the largest diurnal and semi-diurnal constituents. MAEs in amplitude and phase are reduced by up to 78% and 89%, respectively, and correlations by as much as 0.14. In addition, the majority of locations (between 70 and 80%) see significant improvement. |
| Programme |
688 |
| Campaign |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1755-876X |
ISBN |
1755-876X |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8338 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Pamela E. Michael, Chris Wilcox, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Michael Sumner, Henri Weimerskirch |
| Title |
Dynamic enforcement of bycatch via reproductive value can increase theoretical efficiency |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
132 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
104684 |
| Keywords |
Albatross Bycatch Dynamic enforcement Dynamic ocean management Monitoring Reproductive value |
| Abstract |
Managing marine systems is challenging, as many marine species are highly mobile. Albatross exemplify this paradigm, overlapping multiple threats at sea, including bycatch. The typical characterization of bycatch, the number of individuals, ignores the long-term, population-wide repercussions of bycatch. Including an estimate of the reproductive value (RV, the loss of future reproductive contributions, given bycatch) is a complementary tool, incorporating the population-wide repercussions of bycatch. While bycatch management via dynamic spatial management allows management boundaries to move, it requires monitoring and enforcement to be effective. We provide a proof of concept to optimize bycatch enforcement activities by dynamically targeting areas of concentrated future productivity characterized by RV. This paper examined a population of black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) as a case study. We calculate RV and apply it to at-sea distributions. This creates spatiotemporally explicit surfaces used to prioritize times and locations for bycatch mitigation enforcement. Dynamic enforcement has greater theoretical efficiency than static enforcement, but this difference decreases with increasing population-wide RV subject to enforcement. Though there are implementation challenges, many can be reduced with existing tools providing various opportunities. Incorporating RV when characterizing the impacts of bycatch on a population and strategically applying dynamic bycatch enforcement based on RV can be a powerful, efficient component of dynamic ocean management. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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Place of Publication |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0308-597X |
ISBN |
0308-597X |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8342 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Pengcheng Wang, Natacha B. Bernier, Keith R. Thompson, Tsubasa Kodaira |
| Title |
Evaluation of a global total water level model in the presence of radiational S2 tide |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ocean Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
168 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
101893 |
| Keywords |
NEMO Radiational and gravitational tide Storm surge Tidal nudging Total water level |
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
688 |
| Campaign |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1463-5003 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8356 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Fate of Springtime Atmospheric Reactive Mercury: Concentrations and Deposition at Zeppelin, Svalbard |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
3234-3246 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1028 |
| Campaign |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8361 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Lara D. Shepherd, Colin M. Miskelly, Yves Cherel, Alan J. D. Tennyson |
| Title |
Genetic identification informs on the distributions of vagrant Royal (Eudyptes schlegeli) and Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) Penguins |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2299-2306 |
| Keywords |
Antarctica Eudyptes chrysolophus Eudyptes schlegeli Genetic identification Penguin distribution Predation |
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1432-2056 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8365 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Global political responsibility for the conservation of albatrosses and large petrels |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
eabd7225 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Migratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine 10,108 tracks from 5775 individual birds at 87 sites with data on breeding population sizes to estimate the relative year-round importance of national jurisdictions and high seas areas for 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels. Populations from every country made extensive use of the high seas, indicating the stake each country has in the management of biodiversity in international waters. We quantified the links among national populations of these threatened seabirds and the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which regulate fishing in the high seas. This work makes explicit the relative responsibilities that each country and RFMO has for the management of shared biodiversity, providing invaluable information for the conservation and management of migratory species in the marine realm. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8369 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Huff and puff and blow down: invasive plants traits response to strong winds at the Southern Oceanic Islands |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Oikos |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
130 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1919-1929 |
| Keywords |
environmental filter functional traits hypervolume Iles Kerguelen intraspecific variability mechanical stress |
| Abstract |
Invasions constitute a major driver of biodiversity changes. Insular plant communities are particularly vulnerable to invasions and are relevant models for investigating mechanisms supporting the establishment and spread of introduced plants. Terrestrial flora of sub-Antarctic islands must often thrive in highly windy habitats, thus imposing strong mechanical constraints on individuals. Many alien plants at the sub-Antarctic islands are of tropical or temperate origins, where they were exposed to less stringent wind conditions. As wind likely represents a strong environmental filter for the successful establishment and further geographic spread of plants, they should have developed responses to resist and successfully colonize the Iles Kerguelen. We studied responses to wind of three herbaceous species that are invasive at Iles Kerguelen. We sampled plant individuals at different locations, under windy and sheltered conditions. Traits related to wind avoidance and tolerance and to resource acquisition were measured. We additionally assessed individual performance (biomass) to determine the consequences of trait variations. We focused on trait mean and variance, in particular, through the calculation of hypervolumes. This study emphasized that wind has important effects on plant economics spectrum, including traits involved in mechanical avoidance and light acquisition, with varying strategies, which seem to depend on the biological type of the species (grass versus non-grass). Wind generally reduces individual performance, and this negative effect is not direct but operates through the modification of plant trait values. Furthermore, analyses performed at the hypervolume scale indicate that not only functional trait mean but also its variability account for plant performance. The existence of contrasting growth strategies to cope with local environmental conditions suggests that invaders will be able to occupy different niches, which may ultimately impact local communities. Our results highlight the importance of considering multi-traits responses to meaningfully capture plant adjustments to stress. |
| Programme |
136 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1600-0706 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8372 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Human influence on brown trout juvenile body size during metapopulation expansion |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
20210366 |
| Keywords |
brown trout density dependence dispersal invasion biology subantarctic |
| Abstract |
Change in body size can be driven by social (density) and non-social (environmental and spatial variation) factors. In expanding metapopulations, spatial sorting by means of dispersal on the expansion front can further drive the evolution of body size. However, human intervention can dramatically affect these founder effects. Using long-term monitoring of the colonization of the remote Kerguelen islands by brown trout, a facultative anadromous salmonid, we analyse body size variation in 32 naturally founded and 10 human-introduced populations over 57 years. In naturally founded populations, we find that spatial sorting promotes slow positive changes in body size on the expansion front, then that body size decreases as populations get older and local density increases. This pattern is, however, completely different in human-introduced populations, where body size remains constant or even increases as populations get older. The present findings confirm that changes in body size can be affected by metapopulation expansion, but that human influence, even in very remote environments, can fully alter this process. |
| Programme |
1041 |
| Campaign |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8373 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Impact of extreme environmental conditions: Foraging behaviour and trophic ecology responses of a diving seabird, the common diving petrel |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Progress in Oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
198 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
102676 |
| Keywords |
GPS tracking Habitat modelling Inter-annual variation Marine heatwave Stable isotopes |
| Abstract |
The reproductive success of birds is strongly driven by environmental conditions at different time scales. Thus, during periods of low food availability, breeding success is constrained by the ability of adults to adapt their foraging effort and feeding behaviour to maintain regular incubation shifts and chick provisioning. However, while large seabirds can buffer disruptions in prey availability, the ecophysiological constraints of smaller species may limit their behavioural flexibility. By combining information on at-sea movements, foraging habitat, trophic niche, and breeding success, this study evaluated the effects of intense variability in oceanographic conditions on common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) at the northern extent of their range in south-eastern Australia during four consecutive breeding seasons. Unusually low breeding success (6 and 0%) was observed during two years with intense heatwave events, which were associated with higher foraging effort (foraging trips twice longer) and a substantial shift in trophic niche (lower blood ?15N values). These findings suggest that common diving petrels in Bass Strait may have reached a critical threshold above which buffering the effects of environmental variability on their reproductive output is not possible. The clear cascading impacts that marine heatwaves have on zooplankton feeders illustrate the profound bottom-up effect induced by such extreme environmental variations, and suggest strong impact on higher-trophic levels. The wide, circumpolar breeding distribution of the common diving petrel, and its high sensitivity to variations in oceanographic conditions, suggest that this species may be a suitable model to study short-term and long-term behavioural responses to the effects of climate change throughout the Southern Ocean. |
| Programme |
109 |
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Place of Publication |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0079-6611 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8374 |
| Permanent link to this record |
