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Title  |
Which Specialized Metabolites Does the Native Subantarctic Gastropod Notodiscus hookeri Extract from the Consumption of the Lichens Usnea taylorii and Pseudocyphellaria crocata? |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Molecules |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
425 |
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Keywords |
Notodiscus hookeri Pseudocyphellaria crocata Usnea taylorii chemical ecology Crozet Archipelago lichens snails |
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Abstract |
Notodiscus hookeri is the only representative of terrestrial gastropods on Possession Island and exclusively feeds on lichens. The known toxicity of various lichen metabolites to plant-eating invertebrates led us to propose that N. hookeri evolved means to protect itself from their adverse effects. To validate this assumption, the current study focused on the consumption of two lichen species: Usnea taylorii and Pseudocyphellaria crocata. A controlled feeding experiment was designed to understand how the snail copes with the unpalatable and/or toxic compounds produced by these lichen species. The occurrence of two snail ecophenotypes, represented by a mineral shell and an organic shell, led to address the question of a metabolic response specific to the phenotype. Snails were fed for two months with one of these lichens and the chemical profiles of biological samples of N. hookeri (i.e., crop, digestive gland, intestine, and feces) were established by HPLC-DAD-MS and compared to that of the lichens. N. hookeri appears as a generalist lichen feeder able to consume toxic metabolite-containing lichens, independently of the ecophenotype. The digestive gland did not sequester lichen metabolites. The snail metabolism might be based on four non-exclusive processes according to the concerned metabolites (avoidance, passive transport, hydrolysis, and excretion). |
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136 |
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yes |
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6612 |
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Title |
Where to Forage in the Absence of Sea Ice? Bathymetry As a Key Factor for an Arctic Seabird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e0157764 |
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Keywords |
Birds Copepods Foraging Oceans Predation Sea ice Seabirds Zooplankton |
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Abstract |
The earth is warming at an alarming rate, especially in the Arctic, where a marked decline in sea ice cover may have far-ranging consequences for endemic species. Little auks, endemic Arctic seabirds, are key bioindicators as they forage in the marginal ice zone and feed preferentially on lipid-rich Arctic copepods and ice-associated amphipods sensitive to the consequences of global warming. We tested how little auks cope with an ice-free foraging environment during the breeding season. To this end, we took advantage of natural variation in sea ice concentration along the east coast of Greenland. We compared foraging and diving behaviour, chick diet and growth and adult body condition between two years, in the presence versus nearby absence of sea ice in the vicinity of their breeding site. Moreover, we sampled zooplankton at sea when sea ice was absent to evaluate prey location and little auk dietary preferences. Little auks foraged in the same areas both years, irrespective of sea ice presence/concentration, and targeted the shelf break and the continental shelf. We confirmed that breeding little auks showed a clear preference for larger copepod species to feed their chick, but caught smaller copepods and nearly no ice-associated amphipod when sea ice was absent. Nevertheless, these dietary changes had no impact on chick growth and adult body condition. Our findings demonstrate the importance of bathymetry for profitable little auk foraging, whatever the sea-ice conditions. Our investigations, along with recent studies, also confirm more flexibility than previously predicted for this key species in a warming Arctic. |
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388 |
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1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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6919 |
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Author |
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Title |
Where to Forage in the Absence of Sea Ice? Bathymetry As a Key Factor for an Arctic Seabird |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e0157764 |
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Keywords |
Birds Copepods Foraging Oceans Predation Sea ice Seabirds Zooplankton |
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Abstract |
The earth is warming at an alarming rate, especially in the Arctic, where a marked decline in sea ice cover may have far-ranging consequences for endemic species. Little auks, endemic Arctic seabirds, are key bioindicators as they forage in the marginal ice zone and feed preferentially on lipid-rich Arctic copepods and ice-associated amphipods sensitive to the consequences of global warming. We tested how little auks cope with an ice-free foraging environment during the breeding season. To this end, we took advantage of natural variation in sea ice concentration along the east coast of Greenland. We compared foraging and diving behaviour, chick diet and growth and adult body condition between two years, in the presence versus nearby absence of sea ice in the vicinity of their breeding site. Moreover, we sampled zooplankton at sea when sea ice was absent to evaluate prey location and little auk dietary preferences. Little auks foraged in the same areas both years, irrespective of sea ice presence/concentration, and targeted the shelf break and the continental shelf. We confirmed that breeding little auks showed a clear preference for larger copepod species to feed their chick, but caught smaller copepods and nearly no ice-associated amphipod when sea ice was absent. Nevertheless, these dietary changes had no impact on chick growth and adult body condition. Our findings demonstrate the importance of bathymetry for profitable little auk foraging, whatever the sea-ice conditions. Our investigations, along with recent studies, also confirm more flexibility than previously predicted for this key species in a warming Arctic. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7299 |
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Author |
Fischer H, Severinghaus J, Brook E, Wolff E, Albert M, Alemany O, Arthern R, Bentley C, Blankenship D, Chappellaz J, Creyts T, Dahl-Jensen D, Dinn M, Frezzotti M, Fujita S, Gallee H, Hindmarsh R, Hudspeth D, Jugie G, Kawamura K, Lipenkov V, Miller H, Mulvaney R, Parrenin F, Pattyn F, Ritz C, Schwander J, Steinhage D, van Ommen T, Wilhelms F, |
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Title |
Where to find 1.5 million yr old ice for the IPICS “Oldest-Ice” ice core
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Climate of the Past |
Abbreviated Journal |
1814-9324 |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2489-2505 |
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Abstract |
The recovery of a 1.5 million yr long ice core from Antarctica represents a keystone of our understanding of Quaternary climate, the progression of glaciation over this time period and the role of greenhouse gas cycles in this progression. Here we tackle the question of where such ice may still be found in the Antarctic ice sheet. We can show that such old ice is most likely to exist in the plateau area of the East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS) without stratigraphic disturbance and should be able to be recovered after careful pre-site selection studies. Based on a simple ice and heat flow model and glaciological observations, we conclude that positions in the vicinity of major domes and saddle position on the East Antarctic Plateau will most likely have such old ice in store and represent the best study areas for dedicated reconnaissance studies in the near future. In contrast to previous ice core drill site selections, however, we strongly suggest significantly reduced ice thickness to avoid bottom melting. For example for the geothermal heat flux and accumulation conditions at Dome C, an ice thickness lower than but close to about 2500 m would be required to find 1.5 Myr old ice (i.e., more than 700 m less than at the current EPICA Dome C drill site). Within this constraint, the resolution of an Oldest-Ice record and the distance of such old ice to the bedrock should be maximized to avoid ice flow disturbances for example, by finding locations with minimum geothermal heat flux. As the geothermal heat flux is largely unknown for the EAIS, this parameter has to be carefully determined beforehand. In addition, detailed bedrock topography and ice flow history has to be reconstructed for candidates of an Oldest-Ice ice coring site. Finally, we argue strongly for rapid access drilling before any full, deep ice coring activity commences to bring datable samples to the surface and to allow an age check of the oldest ice. |
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902 |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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1814-9324 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5727 |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |
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Volume |
27 |
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Pages |
100-108 |
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Keywords |
Arctic Glacier limit Ground penetrating Radar Polar glacier Spitsbergen |
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1108 |
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ISSN |
0303-2434 |
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0303-2434 |
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yes |
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629 |
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Author |
Bost, C.A., Thiebot, J.B., Pinaud, D., Cherel, Y., Trathan, P.N. |
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Title |
Where do penguins go during the inter-breeding period? Using geolocation to track their winter dispersion. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
BIOLOGY LETTERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
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5 |
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Pages |
473-476 |
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394 |
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ISSN |
1744-9561 |
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yes |
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5726 |
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Author |
Bost C.-A., Thiebot J.-B., Pinaud D., Cherel Y., Trathan P.N. |
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Title |
Where do penguins go during the inter-breeding period ? Using geolocation to track the winter dispersion of the macaroni penguin |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
BIOLOGICAL LETTERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
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473-476 |
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109 |
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1644-7700 |
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yes |
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5700 |
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Author |
Doligez B., Cadet C., Danchin E. & Boulinier T. |
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Title |
When to use public information for breeding habitat selection? The role of environmental predictability and density dependence. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
66 |
Issue |
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Pages |
973-988 |
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Programme |
333;429 |
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ISSN |
0003-3472 |
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yes |
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3040 |
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Title |
When things go wrong: intra-season dynamics of breeding failure in a seabird
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
art4- |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
During breeding, long-lived species face important time and energy constraints that can lead to breeding failure when food becomes scarce. Despite the potential implications of intra-season dynamics in breeding failure for individual behavior, carry-over effects, dispersal decisions and population dynamics, little information is currently available on these dynamics at fine temporal scales. Here, we monitored the foraging behavior and the proportion of successful black-legged kittiwake pairs from nest construction to chick fledging in a colony of the southern Barents Sea, to relate foraging effort to the dynamics of breeding failure over an entire breeding season, and to infer the environmental conditions leading to this failure. Specifically, we tracked kittiwakes with GPS and satellite tags during incubation and early chick-rearing to document nest attendance, foraging range, time budgets and daily energy expenditures (DEE). We also monitored diet changes over time. We predicted that breeding failure would follow a non-linear trend characterized by a break point after which breeding success would drop abruptly and would be related to a substantial increase in foraging effort. Kittiwakes showed contrasting foraging patterns between incubation and chick-rearing: they extended their foraging range from 20 km during incubation to more than 450 km during chick-rearing and switched diet. They also increased their DEE and readjusted their time budgets by increasing time spent at sea. These changes corresponded to a break point in breeding dynamics beyond which the proportion of successful pairs abruptly dropped. At the end of the season, less than 10% of kittiwake pairs raised chicks in the monitored plots. This integrative study confirms that breeding failure is a non-linear process characterized by a threshold beyond which individuals face an energetic trade-off and cannot simultaneously sustain high reproductive and self-maintenance efforts. In this way, the occurrence of sudden environmental changes complicates our ability to predict population dynamics and poses conservation challenges. |
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333 |
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Publisher |
Ecological Society of America |
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ISSN |
2150-8925 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
4952 |
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Title |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
bioRxiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
791855 |
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Abstract |
Individuals differ in many ways. Most produce few offspring; a handful produce many. Some die early; others live to old age. It is tempting to attribute these differences in out-comes to differences in individual traits, and thus in the demographic rates experienced. However, there is more to individual variation than meets the eye of the biologist. Even among individuals sharing identical traits, life history outcomes will vary due to individual stochasticity, i.e., to chance. Quantifying the contributions of heterogeneity and chance is essential to understanding natural variability. Inter-individual differences vary across environmental conditions. Heterogeneity and stochasticity depend on environmental conditions. We show that favorable conditions increase the contributions of individual stochasticity, and reduce the contributions of heterogeneity, to variance in demographic outcomes in a seabird population. The opposite is true under poor conditions. This result has important consequence for understanding the ecology and evolution of life history strategies. |
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109 |
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yes |
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7734 |
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