Pierre Jouventin and F. Stephen Dobson. (2018). Why Penguins Communicate, The Evolution of Visual and Vocal Signals.
Abstract: This book is devoted to Penguin Communication and based on the work done by S Dobson in the TAAF including with the program 119 Econergy. Chapter 3 is largely based on the following paper:
Schull Q., Dobson F. S., Stier A., Robin J. P., Bize P. et V. A. Viblanc (2016) Beak color dynamically signals changes in fasting status and parasite loads in king penguins Behav. Ecol. 27: 1684-1693. doi:10.1093/beheco/arw091
Programme: 119
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Lewden A., Bonnet B., Handrich Y. &Amp; D.j. Mccafferty . (2017). Why it’s good to be hot – body temperature dynamics in king penguins”. 13ième rencontre Ecology & Behaviour, Chizé, France..
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Cook, T.R., Leblanc, G. (2007). Why is wing-spreading behaviour absent in blue-eyed shags? Animal behaviour, 74, 649–652.
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. (2018). Why implantation of bio-loggers may improve our understanding of how animals cope within their natural environment (Vol. 14).
Abstract: Bio-loggers are miniaturized autonomous devices that record quantitative data on the state of free-ranging animals (e.g. behavior, position and physiology) and their natural environment. This is especially relevant for species where direct visual observation is difficult or impossible. Today, ongoing technical development allows the monitoring of numerous parameters in an increasing range of species over extended periods. However, the external attachment of devices might affect various aspects of animal performance (energetics, thermoregulation, foraging as well as social and reproductive behavior), which ultimately affect fitness. External attachment might also increase entanglement risk and the conspicuousness of animals, leaving them more vulnerable to predation. By contrast, implantation of devices can mitigate many of these undesirable effects and might be preferable, especially for long-term studies, provided that the many challenges associated with surgical procedures can be mastered. Implantation may then allow us to gather data that would be impossible to obtain otherwise and thereby may provide new and ecologically relevant insights into the life of wild animals. Here, we: (i) discuss the pros and cons of attachment methods; (ii) highlight recent field studies that used implanted bio-loggers to address eco-physiological questions in a wide range of species; and (iii) discuss logger implantation in light of ethical considerations.
Keywords: behavior bio-logging device implantation eco-physiology long-term deployment
Programme: 394
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. (2011). Why do some adult birds skip breeding? A hormonal investigation in a long-lived bird.
. 1644-7700, 7(5), 790–2.
Abstract: Skipping reproduction is often observed in long-lived organisms, but proximate mechanisms remain poorly understood. Since young and/or very old snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea) commonly skip breeding, we tested whether they are physiologically able to breed during the pre-laying stage. To do so, we measured the ability of known-age (11-45 years old) petrels to release luteinizing hormone (LH, a crucial driver for breeding), by injecting exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Although young petrels exhibited low baseline LH levels, they were able to elevate LH levels after a GnRH challenge. Moreover, young and very old petrels showed a stronger decrease in LH levels after the 10 min post-GnRH injection compared with middle-aged petrels. Birds that skipped breeding were as able as breeders to release LH after a GnRH challenge, indicating that they had functional pituitaries. However, the decision to skip reproduction was linked to a strong LH decrease after the 10 min post-GnRH injection. Our result suggests that the youngest and the oldest petrels fail to maintain elevated baseline LH levels, thereby do not initiate reproductive activities. Skipping reproduction in long-lived birds probably results from age-related changes in the dynamics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function.
Keywords: Animals, Birds, Birds: physiology, Breeding, Female, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: administration & d, Longevity, Luteinizing Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone: secretion, Male, Sexual Behavior, Animal,
Programme: 109
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Bried J. & Jouventin P. (1998). Why do Lesser Sheathbills Chionis minor switch territory? J. Avian Biol., 29, 257–265.
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Bried J., Jiguet F. & Jouventin P. (1999). Why do Aptenodytes penguins have high divorce rates? Auk, 116(2), 504–512.
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Jouventin P. & Dobson S. (2002). Why breed every other year? The case of albatrosses. Proc. Biol. Sci., 269, 1955–1961.
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Poulin E. & Feral J.P. (1996). Why are there so many species of brooding antarctic echinoids? Evolution, 50, 820–830.
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. (2009). Whisker isotopic signature depicts migration patterns and multi-year intra- and inter-individual foraging strategies in fur seals Whisker isotopic signature depicts migration patterns and multi-year intra- and inter-individual foraging strategies in fur s
. Society, 111(September), 830–832.
Abstract: The movement and dietary history of individuals can be studied using stable isotope records in archival keratinous tissues. Here, we present a chronology of temporally fine-scale data on the trophic niche of otariid seals by measuring the isotopic signature of serially sampled whiskers. Whiskers of male Antarctic fur seals breeding at the Crozet Islands showed synchronous and regular oscillations in both their delta(13)C and delta(15)N values that are likely to represent their annual migrations over the long term (mean 4.8 years). At the population level, male Antarctic fur seals showed substantial variation in both delta(13)C and delta(15)N values, occupying nearly all the 'isotopic space' created by the diversity of potential oceanic habitats (from high Antarctica to the subtropics) and prey (from Antarctic krill to subantarctic and subtropical mesopelagic fishes). At the individual level, whisker isotopic signatures depict a large diversity of foraging strategies. Some seals remained in either subantarctic or Antarctic waters, while the migratory cycle of most animals encompassed a wide latitudinal gradient where they fed on different prey. The isotopic signature of whiskers, therefore, revealed new multi-year foraging strategies of male Antarctic fur seals and is a powerful tool for investigating the ecological niche during cryptic stages of mammals' life.
Keywords: 2004, 2009, bearhop et al, d 13 c, d 15 n, individual levels, individual specialization, newsome et al, nitrogen, otariid, southern ocean, stable carbon, stable isotopes,
Programme: 109
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