| Records |
| Author |
Simon Thomas, Pierre-Louis Blelly, Aurelie Marchaudon, Julian Eisenbeis, Samuel Bird |
Title  |
Simulating the Response of the Ionosphere in IPIM to Extreme Space Weather |
Type |
Communication |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
AGU Fall Meeting 2021, 13-17 December 2021, New Orleans, USA |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
2021 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
SM45C-2291 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The IRAP Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model (IPIM) is an ionospheric model which describes the transport equations of ionospheric plasma species along magnetic closed field lines. As input, the previous iteration of IPIM used basic models to provide estimations of the solar wind conditions, convection, and precipitation within the ionosphere. In this presentation, we discuss the development of a new operational version of IPIM as part of the EUHFORIA project to monitor and forecast space weather conditions and hazards. The developments of the model include using in-situ solar wind observations from the OMNI data set, ionospheric radar data of plasma motions from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), and precipitation data from the Ovation model, as inputs to the model. A new conductivity module for low latitudes has also been developed for help in the simulation of geomagnetically induced currents. We present the first results from the latest IPIM version which explore the ionosphere's response to different solar wind conditions, before focussing on an extreme coronal mass ejection on 14th July 2012 with clear magnetic cloud and southward magnetic field. For this event, we explore simulations of important plasma properties of the ionosphere and compare with previous model iterations and all available observations and hence describe the skill of using IPIM as a space weather forecasting tool. |
| Programme |
312 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8524 |
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| Author |
Tomoko Narazaki, Itsumi Nakamura, Kagari Aoki, Takashi Iwata, Kozue Shiomi, Paolo Luschi, Hiroyuki Suganuma, Carl G. Meyer, Rui Matsumoto, Charles A. Bost, Yves Handrich, Masao Amano, Ryosuke Okamoto, Kyoichi Mori, Stéphane Ciccione, Jérôme Bourjea, Katsufumi Sato |
| Title |
Similar circling movements observed across marine megafauna taxa |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
iScience |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
102221 |
| Keywords |
Animals Biological Sciences Ecology Ethology Zoology |
| Abstract |
Advances in biologging technology have enabled 3D dead-reckoning reconstruction of marine animal movements at spatiotemporal scales of meters and seconds. Examining high-resolution 3D movements of sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier, N = 4; Rhincodon typus, N = 1), sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, N = 3), penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus, N = 6), and marine mammals (Arctocephalus gazella, N = 4; Ziphius cavirostris, N = 1), we report the discovery of circling events where animals consecutively circled more than twice at relatively constant angular speeds. Similar circling behaviors were observed across a wide variety of marine megafauna, suggesting these behaviors might serve several similar purposes across taxa including foraging, social interactions, and navigation. |
| Programme |
394 |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2589-0042 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8095 |
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| Author |
Aurore Ponchon, Amandine Gamble, Jérémy Tornos, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud, Justin M. J. Travis, Henri Weimerskirch, Thierry Boulinier |
| Title |
Similar at-sea behaviour but different habitat use between failed and successful breeding albatrosses |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
678 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
183-196 |
| Keywords |
Behavioural state Breeding failure Foraging behaviour Habitat models Inter-individual variability Procellariiformes Thalassarche carteri |
| Abstract |
Breeding failure is expected to induce behavioural changes in central place foragers. Indeed, after a failed reproductive attempt, breeding individuals are relieved from having to return to their breeding site for reproductive duties and thus are less constrained than successful breeders in their movements during the remainder of the breeding season. Accordingly, they are expected to adjust their behaviour, travelling longer in distance and/or time to reach foraging grounds. They are also expected to use different foraging areas to decrease local intra-specific competition with successful breeders. We compared the at-sea behaviour and habitat use of successful and failed Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses nesting in Amsterdam Island, Southern Indian Ocean, during 2 chick-rearing seasons. Failed breeders exhibited the same at-sea foraging behaviour, travelling as far and as long as successful breeders. They also spent the same amount of time on their nest between at-sea trips. Nevertheless, habitat models revealed partial spatial segregation of failed breeders, which used specific foraging areas characterized by deeper and colder waters in addition to the areas they shared with successful breeders. Our study shows the importance of combining a range of analytical methods (spatial analysis, behavioural inferences with advanced movement models and habitat models) to infer the at-sea behaviour and habitat use of seabirds. It also stresses the importance of considering individual breeding status when aiming to understand the spatial distribution of individuals, especially when this information may have conservation implications. |
| Programme |
109 |
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Place of Publication |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8436 |
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| Author |
Sébastien Descamps, Benjamin Merkel, Hallvard Strøm, Rémi Choquet, Harald Steen, Jérome Fort, Maria Gavrilo, David Grémillet, Dariusz Jakubas, Kurt Jerstad, Nina J. Karnovsky, Yuri V. Krasnov, Børge Moe, Jorg Welcker, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas |
| Title |
Sharing wintering grounds does not synchronize annual survival in a high Arctic seabird, the little auk |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
676 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
233-242 |
| Keywords |
Alle alle Capture-mark-recapture Geolocator Migration Non-breeding distribution Synchrony |
| Abstract |
Sharing the same wintering grounds by avian populations breeding in various areas may synchronize fluctuations in vital rates, which could increase the risk of extinction. Here, by combining multi-colony tracking with long-term capture-recapture data, we studied the winter distribution and annual survival of the most numerous Arctic seabird, the little auk Alle alle. We assessed whether little auks from different breeding populations in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land use the same wintering grounds and if this leads to synchronized survival. Our results indicate that birds from the Svalbard colonies shared similar wintering grounds, although differences existed in the proportion of birds from each colony using the different areas. Little auks from Franz Josef Land generally spent the winter in a separate area, but some individuals wintered in the Iceland Sea with Svalbard populations. Survival data from 3 Svalbard colonies collected in 2005-2018 indicated that sharing wintering grounds did not synchronize little auk annual survival rates. However, it is clear that the Iceland Sea is an important wintering area for little auks, and environmental changes in this area could have widespread impacts on many populations. |
| Programme |
388 |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8419 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Denis Réale |
| Title |
Sexual segregation in a sexually dimorphic seabird: a matter of spatial scale |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Peer Community in Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
100025 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
A recommendation of: Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Akiko Kato, Paco Bustamante, Yves Cherel Sexual segregation in a highly pagophilic and sexually dimorphic marine predator https://doi.org/10.1101/472431 |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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Place of Publication |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2606-4979 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8434 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Mike Lockwood, Carl Haines, Luke A. Barnard, Mathew J. Owens, Chris J. Scott, Aude Chambodut, Kathryn A. McWilliams |
| Title |
Semi-annual, annual and Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere and in geomagnetic activity: 4. Polar Cap motions and origins of the Universal Time effect |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
15 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
We use the am, an, as and the aσ geomagnetic indices to the explore a previously overlooked factor in magnetospheric electrodynamics, namely the inductive effect of diurnal motions of the Earth’s magnetic poles toward and away from the Sun caused by Earth’s rotation. Because the offset of the (eccentric dipole) geomagnetic pole from the rotational axis is roughly twice as large in the southern hemisphere compared to the northern, the effects there are predicted to be roughly twice the amplitude of those in the northern hemisphere. Hemispheric differences have previously been discussed in terms of polar ionospheric conductivities generated by solar photoionization, effects which we allow for by looking at the dipole tilt effect on the time-of-year variations of the indices. The electric field induced in a geocentric frame is shown to also be a significant factor and gives a modulation of the voltage applied by the solar wind flow in the southern hemisphere that is typically a ±30% diurnal modulation for disturbed intervals rising to ±76% in quiet times. For the northern hemisphere these are 15% and 38% modulations. Motion away from/towards the Sun reduces/enhances the directly-driven ionospheric voltages and reduces/enhances the magnetic energy stored in the tail and we estimate that approximately 10% of the effect appears in directly driven ionospheric voltages and 90% in changes of the rate of energy storage or release in the near-Earth tail. The hemispheric asymmetry in the geomagnetic pole offsets from the rotational axis is shown to be the dominant factor in driving Universal Time (UT) variations and hemispheric differences in geomagnetic activity. Combined with the effect of solar wind dynamic pressure and dipole tilt on the pressure balance in the near-Earth tail, the effect provides an excellent explanation of how the observed Russell-McPherron pattern with time-of-year F and UT in the driving power input into the magnetosphere is converted into the equinoctial F-UT pattern in average geomagnetic activity (after correction is made for dipole tilt effects on ionospheric conductivity), added to a pronounced UT variation with minimum at 02–10 UT. In addition, we show that the predicted and observed UT variations in average geomagnetic activity has implications for the occurrence of the largest events that also show the nett UT variation. |
| Programme |
139 |
| Campaign |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2115-7251 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8076 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord |
| Title |
Selection against immigrants in wild seabird populations |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
84-93 |
| Keywords |
Dispersal fitness immigrant seabirds sex-biased dispersal |
| Abstract |
Immigration is a major demographic parameter shaping population dynamics and is an important driver of eco-evolutionary patterns, but the fitness consequences for individuals following their settlement to a new population (immigrants) remain poorly tested in wild animal populations, particularly among long-lived species. Here we show that immigrants have a lower fitness than residents in three wild seabird populations (wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, southern fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides, snow petrel Pagodroma nivea). Across all species and during a 32-year period, immigrants made on average −9 to 29% fewer breeding attempts, had 5–31% fewer fledglings, had 2–16% lower breeding success and produced 6–46% fewer recruits. Female immigration and male residency were also favored through differences in breeding performance. We provide evidence for selection against immigrants in wild populations of long-lived species and our results are consistent with female-biased dispersal in birds being driven by asymmetric limiting resources and the competitive ability of dispersers vs. non-dispersers. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1461-0248 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8418 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Céline Albert, Hálfdán Helgi Helgason, Maud Brault-Favrou, Gregory J. Robertson, Sébastien Descamps, Françoise Amélineau, Jóhannis Danielsen, Rune Dietz, Kyle Elliott, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Igor Eulaers, Alexey Ezhov, Michelle G. Fitzsimmons, Maria Gavrilo, Elena Golubova, David Grémillet, Scott Hatch, Nicholas P. Huffeldt, Dariusz Jakubas, Alexander Kitaysky, Yann Kolbeinsson, Yuri Krasnov, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Erlend Lorentzen, Mark L. Mallory, Benjamin Merkel, Flemming Ravn Merkel, William Montevecchi, Anders Mosbech, Bergur Olsen, Rachael A. Orben, Allison Patterson, Jennifer Provencher, Christine Plumejeaud, Isabeau Pratte, Tone Kristin Reiertsen, Heather Renner, Nora Rojek, Marc Romano, Hallvard Strøm, Geir Helge Systad, Akinori Takahashi, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Alexis P. Will, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Paco Bustamante, Jérôme Fort |
| Title |
Seasonal variation of mercury contamination in Arctic seabirds: A pan-Arctic assessment |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
750 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
142201 |
| Keywords |
Feathers Metal Polar Seasonal variation Top predators |
| Abstract |
Mercury (Hg) is a natural trace element found in high concentrations in top predators, including Arctic seabirds. Most current knowledge about Hg concentrations in Arctic seabirds relates to exposure during the summer breeding period when researchers can easily access seabirds at colonies. However, the few studies focused on winter have shown higher Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period than breeding period in several tissues. Hence, improving knowledge about Hg exposure during the non-breeding period is crucial to understanding the threats and risks encountered by these species year-round. We used feathers of nine migratory alcid species occurring at high latitudes to study bird Hg exposure during both the breeding and non-breeding periods. Overall, Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period were ~3 times higher than during the breeding period. In addition, spatial differences were apparent within and between the Atlantic and Pacific regions. While Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period were ~9 times and ~3 times higher than during the breeding period for the West and East Atlantic respectively, Hg concentrations in the Pacific during the non-breeding period were only ~1.7 times higher than during the breeding period. In addition, individual Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period for most of the seabird colonies were above 5 μg g−1 dry weight (dw), which is considered to be the threshold at which deleterious effects are observed, suggesting that some breeding populations might be vulnerable to non-breeding Hg exposure. Since wintering area locations, and migration routes may influence seasonal Hg concentrations, it is crucial to improve our knowledge about spatial ecotoxicology to fully understand the risks associated with Hg contamination in Arctic seabirds. |
| Programme |
388 |
| Campaign |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0048-9697 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8026 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Anzhou Cao, Zheng Guo, Xiaoyu Qi, Peiliang Li, Hailun He |
| Title |
Seasonal and nodal variations of predominant tidal constituents in the global ocean |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Continental Shelf Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
217 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
104372 |
| Keywords |
Fitting Modified two-step harmonic analysis Nodal modulation Seasonal variation Tide gauge Tides |
| Abstract |
Tides are one of the basic types of ocean water motions. Previous studies have reported that the M2 constituent exhibits seasonal variations (annual cycles) in some regions. However, based on the newly proposed method of modified two-step harmonic analysis (HA) and its application at 240 global tide gauges, we find that the M2 constituent as well as the S2 and K1 do not have significant seasonal variations at these tide gauges. The seasonal variations of the M2 constituent reported in previous studies are caused by its satellites, the H1 and H2 constituents, which are not resolved in these studies due to the short time window (one month or three months) used in HA. Because the frequency of the H1 (H2) constituent is equal to that of the M2 minus (plus) the frequency of annual cycles, the superposition of the M2, H1 and H2 constituents with constant amplitudes is equivalent to the M2 constituent with seasonally varying amplitudes. Compared with the new method, some adaptations to traditional HA aiming to capture variations in amplitudes and phase lags of constituents have some limitations, because they either neglect some satellites of the major constitutes or introduce spurious fluctuations resulting from an unreasonably large number of independent points. The nodal modulations of predominant constituents are also explored in this study. On the global scale, the nodal modulations of the M2, K1 and O1 constituents agree with the theoretical predictions, except a cold spot region with reduced nodal modulation in the Gulf of Maine and a hot spot region with enhanced nodal modulation in the South China Sea for the M2. Nodal modulation is also found for the S2 constituent (in theory, the S2 has no nodal modulation), which is 0.8% averaged at 164 tide gauges where the S2 is not too weak. |
| Programme |
688 |
| Campaign |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0278-4343 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8032 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Fabrice Le Bouard, Roald Harivel, Jérémie Demay, Adrien Chaigne, Thierry Micol |
| Title |
Seabird population changes following mammal eradication at oceanic Saint-Paul Island, Indian Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal for Nature Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
126049 |
| Keywords |
Island restoration Petrels Population growth rate Rats Shearwaters Terns |
| Abstract |
The eradication of invasive mammals on islands is important for protecting seabird populations and insular ecosystems. However, the impacts of such eradications are insufficiently known because monitoring of potentially beneficiary species is often sporadic and limited. We performed a survey of all seabird species on Saint-Paul Island, southern Indian Ocean, 20 years after successful eradication of invasive black rat (Rattus rattus) and European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Using complementary sampling designs including adaptive cluster sampling, stratified random sampling and entire sampling, we estimated population changes and colonization by new seabird species. A total of 13 seabird species were found breeding on Saint-Paul post-eradication compared to six before the eradication. Among the seven species that colonized the island, five (MacGillivray’s prion Pachyptila macgillivrayi, fairy prion P. turtur, white-bellied storm petrel Fregetta grallaria, Antarctic tern Sterna vittata, sooty tern Onychoprion fuscatus) had relictual populations breeding on a nearby islet, and one (brown skua Catharacta antarctica) was a new breeding species. We also found breeding subantarctic little shearwaters Puffinus elegans. For species that were breeding on the Saint Paul pre-eradication, the mean annual population growth rate was 1.030 ± 0.093 (SE). Species known to be vulnerable to rat predation (prions, great-winged petrel Pterodroma macroptera, flesh-footed shearwater Puffinus carneipes, subantarctic little shearwater, white-bellied storm petrel, Antarctic tern) had the highest population growth rates. Two decades after the eradication of invasive mammals on a remote oceanic island, seabird populations were high beneficiaries. These findings further highlight the importance of invasive mammal eradication on islands as a conservation tool. Results are encouraging for the planned eradication of invasive mammals from nearby Amsterdam Island, and suggest this will mainly benefit terns and small burrowing petrels. |
| Programme |
109 |
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Place of Publication |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1617-1381 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8459 |
| Permanent link to this record |
