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LAW R M, PETERS W, RÖDENBECK C, AULAGNIER C, BAKER I, BERGMANN D J, BOUSQUET P, BRANDT J, BRUHWILER L, CAMERON-SMITH P J, CHRISTENSEN J H, DELAGE F, DENNING A S, FAN S, GEELS C, HOUWELING S, IMASU R, KARSTENS U, KAWA S R, KLEIST J, KROL M C, LIN S-J, LOKUPITIYA R, MAKI T, MAKSYUTOV S, NIWA Y, ONISHI R, PARAZOO N, PATRA P K, PIETERSE G, RIVIER L, SATOH M, SERRAR S, TAGUCHI S, TAKIGAWA M, VAUTARD R, VERMEULEN A T, ZHU Z, . (2008). TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2 : Experimental overview and diurnal cycle results for 2002
. Global biogeochemical cycles, 22(3).
Abstract: [1] A forward atmospheric transport modeling experiment has been coordinated by the TransCom group to investigate synoptic and diurnal variations in CO2. Model simulations were run for biospheric, fossil, and air-sea exchange of CO2 and for SF6 and radon for 2000-2003. Twenty-five models or model variants participated in the comparison. Hourly concentration time series were submitted for 280 sites along with vertical profiles, fluxes, and meteorological variables at 100 sites. The submitted results have been analyzed for diurnal variations and are compared with observed CO2 in 2002. Mean summer diurnal cycles vary widely in amplitude across models. The choice of sampling location and model level account for part of the spread suggesting that representation errors in these types of models are potentially large. Despite the model spread, most models simulate the relative variation in diurnal amplitude between sites reasonably well. The modeled diurnal amplitude only shows a weak relationship with vertical resolution across models; differences in near-surface transport simulation appear to play a major role. Examples are also presented where there is evidence that the models show useful skill in simulating seasonal and synoptic changes in diurnal amplitude.
Keywords: Air, Amplitud, Amplitude, Atmósfera, Atmosphère, Carbon dioxide, Carbono dióxido, Concentración, Concentration, Cycle, cycles, Dioxyde de carbone, diurnal variations, Echantillonnage, Erreur, Error, errors, Etude expérimentale, experimental studies, Modèle, Modeling, Modélisation, Modelización, Modelo, models, Muestreo, Radón, sampling, Simulación, Simulation, Transport, Transporte, Variación diurna, Variation diurne,
Programme: 416
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Baker, D.F.; Law, R.M.; Gurney, K.R.; Rayner, P.; Peylin, P.; Denning, A.S.; Bousquet, P.; Bruhwiler, L.; Chen, Y.-H.; Ciais, P.; Fung, I.Y.; Heimann, M.; John, J.; Maki, T.; Maksyutov, S.; Masarie, K.; Prather, M.; Pak, B.; Taguchi, S.; Zhu, Z. (2006). TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO2 fluxes, 1988–2003. Global biogeochemical cycles, 20.
Abstract: Monthly CO2 fluxes are estimated across 1988–2003 for 22 emission regions using data from 78 CO2 measurement sites. The same inversion (method, priors, data) is performed with 13 different atmospheric transport models, and the spread in the results is taken as a measure of transport model error. Interannual variability (IAV) in the winds is not modeled, so any IAV in the measurements is attributed to IAV in the fluxes. When both this transport error and the random estimation errors are considered, the flux IAV obtained is statistically significant at P ? 0.05 when the fluxes are grouped into land and ocean components for three broad latitude bands, but is much less so when grouped into continents and basins. The transport errors have the largest impact in the extratropical northern latitudes. A third of the 22 emission regions have significant IAV, including the Tropical East Pacific (with physically plausible uptake/release across the 1997–2000 El Niño/La Niña) and Tropical Asia (with strong release in 1997/1998 coinciding with large-scale fires there). Most of the global IAV is attributed robustly to the tropical/southern land biosphere, including both the large release during the 1997/1998 El Niño and the post-Pinatubo uptake.
Keywords: atmospheric inversions; CO 2 fluxes; interannual variability; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry; 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks; 0428 Biogeosciences: Carbon cycling; 0414 Biogeosciences: Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling; 3260 Mathematical Geophysics: Inverse theory
Programme: 439
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Olivier Gilg, Børge Moe, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Niels Martin Schmidt, Benoît Sittler, Jannik Hansen, Jeroen Reneerkens, Brigitte Sabard, Olivier Chastel, Jérôme Moreau, Richard A. Phillips, Thomas Oudman, Elisabeth M. Biersma, Anette A. Fenstad, Johannes Lang, Loïc Bollache. (2013). Trans-Equatorial Migration Routes, Staging Sites and Wintering Areas of a High-Arctic Avian Predator: The Long-tailed Skua (Stercorarius longicaudus) (Vol. 8). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: The Long-tailed Skua, a small (<300 g) Arctic-breeding predator and seabird, is a functionally very important component of the Arctic vertebrate communities in summer, but little is known about its migration and winter distribution. We used light-level geolocators to track the annual movements of eight adult birds breeding in north-east Greenland (n = 3) and Svalbard (n = 5). All birds wintered in the Southern Hemisphere (mean arrival-departure dates on wintering grounds: 24 October-21 March): five along the south-west coast of Africa (0–40°S, 0–15°E), in the productive Benguela upwelling, and three further south (30–40°S, 0–50°E), in an area extending into the south-west Indian Ocean. Different migratory routes and rates of travel were documented during post-breeding (345 km d−1 in late August-early September) and spring migrations (235 km d−1 in late April) when most birds used a more westerly flyway. Among the different staging areas, a large region off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland appears to be the most important. It was used in autumn by all but one of the tracked birds (from a few days to three weeks) and in spring by five out of eight birds (from one to more than six weeks). Two other staging sites, off the Iberian coast and near the Azores, were used by two birds in spring for five to six weeks. Over one year, individuals travelled between 43,900 and 54,200 km (36,600–45,700 when excluding staging periods) and went as far as 10,500–13,700 km (mean 12,800 km) from their breeding sites. This study has revealed important marine areas in both the south and north Atlantic Ocean. Sustainable management of these ocean basins will benefit Long-tailed Skuas as well as other trans-equatorial migrants from the Arctic.
Keywords: Animal migration Animal sexual behavior Birds Gulls Latitude Longitude Seabirds Spring (season)
Programme: 330,1036
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Hubert O. (2004). Traits d’histoire de vie et variabilité du taux de testostérone dans les populations de chats domestiques (Felis catus)..
Abstract: Rapport technique DEA ‘Analyse et modélisation des systèmes biologiques’ Lyon 1
Programme: 279
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Boulard V. (2000). Traitement des données DIDD..
Abstract: Projet de recherche, 2ème année de l'Ecole de Physique du Globe, Maîtrise de Sciences de la Terre
Programme: 139
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Dode, Mathieu. (2018). Traitement des données de la tour à neige.
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Dode M. (2018). Traitement de données tour à neige.
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Matthias Vignon, Mingsha Zhou, Angus R. McIntosh, Cristian Correa, Peter A. H. Westley, Lisa Jacquin, Jacques Labonne, Andrew P. Hendry. (2023). Trait variation in a successful global invader: a large-scale analysis of morphological variance and integration in the brown trout (Vol. 25).
Abstract: In ecology and evolution, the small population paradigm posits that reduced genetic variation will result in limited phenotypic variation that, in turn, will affect population resilience and potential for adaptation. Over the last decade though, such a paradigm has been questioned, with evidence that mechanisms independent of genetic variation may be also important in shaping phenotypic variation. However, there are few large-scale empirical examples, especially from aquatic ecosystems. Using the large-scale natural experiment afforded by the global invasion of brown trout (Salmo trutta), we quantify standing phenotypic variation in morphology among different introduced ranges, relative to the native range. By using shape variation and morphological integration as indicators of phenotypic variation, we show that neither founding population size nor time since founding (i.e., effect of selection regime) are correlated to the amount of morphological variation, contrarily to common expectations. Beyond founding population size and time since founding, the amount of morphological variation is mostly controlled by factors at the population level rather than at the region level, and is not lower in invaded regions compared to the native range. These results suggest that the dynamics of phenotypic variation may be largely independent of population size and mostly determined by site-specific patterns of selection.
Keywords: Invasion Morphological integration Phenotypic variation Population size
Programme: 1041
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Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev. (2022). Traditsionnye ekologicheskie znaniia [Traditional environmental knowledge], In (Eds) L.I. Missonova, A.A. Sirina Tunguso-man'chzhurskie narody Sibiri i Dal'nego vostoka: Evenki. Eveny. Negidal'tsy, Uil'ta, Nanaitsy, Ul'chi, Udegeitsy, Oroch, Tazy [The Tungus-Manchu peoples of Siberia and the Far East: Evenki. Even. Neghidal. Uil’ta, Nanai, Ulch, Udhegei, Oroch, Taz. Nanais. Ulchi. Udege. Orochi. Tazy], Coll. Narody i Kultury, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology im. N.N. Miklukho-Maclay Russian Academy of Science. M.: Nauka, 2022. (Peoples and cultures). pp. 459-472. (Vol. Narody i Kultury).
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Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Andrew W. Trites, John P. Y. Arnould, John R. Speakman, Christophe Guinet. (2018). Trade-offs between foraging efficiency and pup feeding rate of lactating northern fur seals in a declining population (Vol. 600).
Abstract: Foraging strategies and their resulting efficiency (energy gain to cost ratio) affect animals’ survival and reproductive success and can be linked to population dynamics. However, they have rarely been studied quantitatively in free-ranging animals. We investigated foraging strategies and efficiencies of wild northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus during their breeding season to understand potential links to the observed population decline in the Bering Sea. We equipped 20 lactating females with biologgers to determine at-sea foraging behaviours. We measured energy expenditure while foraging using the doubly-labelled water method, and energy gained using (1) the types and energy densities of prey consumed, and (2) the number of prey capture attempts (from acceleration data). Our results show that seals employed 2 foraging strategies: one group (40%) fed mostly in oceanic waters on small, high energy-density prey, while the other (60%) stayed over the shallow continental shelf feeding mostly on larger, lower quality fish. Females foraging in oceanic waters captured 3 times more prey, and had double the foraging efficiencies of females that foraged on-shelf in neritic waters. However, neritic seals made comparatively shorter trips, and likely fed their pups ~20 to 25% more frequently. The presence of these strategies which either favor foraging efficiency (energy) or frequency of nursing (time) might be maintained in the population because they have similar net fitness outcomes. However, neither strategy appears to simultaneously maximize time and energy allocated to nursing, with potential impacts on the survival of pups during their first year at sea.
Keywords: Diet Foraging efficiency Northern fur seal Pup growth Reproduction success
Programme: 1201
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