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Surai P.F., Speake B.K., Decrock F. & Groscolas R. (2001). Transfer of vitamins E and A from Yolk to embryo during development of the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 74(6), 928–936.
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Decrock F., Grocolas R., Mccartney R.J. & Speake B.K. (2001). Transfer of n-3 and n-6 poly unsaturated fatty acids from yolk to embryo during development of king penguin. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 280, 843–853.
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Agosta C., C. Genthon, V. Favier, D. Six. (2008).
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. (2016). Transcriptomic data analysis and differential gene expression of antioxidant pathways in king penguin juveniles (Aptenodytes patagonicus) before and after acclimatization to marine life (Vol. 9).
Keywords: Antioxidant pathways Microarray Muscle Penguin
Programme: 131
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. (2013). Transcriptome and Peptidome Characterisation of the Main Neuropeptides and Peptidic Hormones of a Euphausiid: The Ice Krill, Euphausia crystallorophias (Vol. 8). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Background: The Ice krill, Euphausia crystallorophias is one of the species at the base of the Southern Ocean food chain. Given their significant contribution to the biomass of the Southern Ocean, it is vitally important to gain a better understanding of their physiology and, in particular, anticipate their responses to climate change effects in the warming seas around Antarctica. Methodology/Principal Findings: Illumina sequencing was used to produce a transcriptome of the ice krill. Analysis of the assembled contigs via two different methods, produced 36 new pre-pro-peptides, coding for 61 neuropeptides or peptide hormones belonging to the following families: Allatostatins (A, B et C), Bursicon (α and β), Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormones (CHH and MIH/VIHs), Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide (CCAP), Corazonin, Diuretic Hormones (DH), the Eclosion Hormone (EH), Neuroparsin, Neuropeptide F (NPF), small Neuropeptide F (sNPF), Pigment Dispersing Hormone (PDH), Red Pigment Concentrating Hormone (RPCH) and finally Tachykinin. LC/MS/MS proteomics was also carried out on eyestalk extracts, which are the major site of neuropeptide synthesis in decapod crustaceans. Results confirmed the presence of six neuropeptides and six precursor-related peptides previously identified in the transcriptome analyses.Conclusions: This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of neuropeptide hormones in a Eucarida non-decapod Malacostraca, several of which are described for the first time in a non-decapod crustacean. Additionally, there is a potential expansion of PDH and Neuropeptide F family members, which may reflect certain life history traits such as circadian rhythms associated with diurnal migrations and also the confirmation via mass spectrometry of several novel pre-pro-peptides, of unknown function. Knowledge of these essential hormones provides a vital framework for understanding the physiological response of this key Southern Ocean species to climate change and provides a valuable resource for studies into the molecular phylogeny of these organisms and the evolution of neuropeptide hormones.
Programme: 1039
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Degletagne Cyril, Keime Celine, Rey Benjamin, de Dinechin Marc, Forcheron Fabien, Chuchana Paul, Jouventin Pierre, Gautier Christian, Duchamp Claude,. (2010). Transcriptome analysis in non-model species: a new method for the analysis of heterologous hybridization on microarrays. BMC Genomics, 11(1), 344.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Recent developments in high-throughput methods of analyzing transcriptomic profiles are promising for many areas of biology, including ecophysiology. However, although commercial microarrays are available for most common laboratory models, transcriptome analysis in non-traditional model species still remains a challenge. Indeed, the signal resulting from heterologous hybridization is low and difficult to interpret because of the weak complementarity between probe and target sequences, especially when no microarray dedicated to a genetically close species is available.RESULTS:We show here that transcriptome analysis in a species genetically distant from laboratory models is made possible by using MAXRS, a new method of analyzing heterologous hybridization on microarrays. This method takes advantage of the design of several commercial microarrays, with different probes targeting the same transcript. To illustrate and test this method, we analyzed the transcriptome of king penguin pectoralis muscle hybridized to Affymetrix chicken microarrays, two organisms separated by an evolutionary distance of approximately 100 million years. The differential gene expression observed between different physiological situations computed by MAXRS was confirmed by real-time PCR on 10 genes out of 11 tested.CONCLUSIONS:MAXRS appears to be an appropriate method for gene expression analysis under heterologous hybridization conditions.
Programme: 131
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. (2009). Transcriptional analysis of skeletal muscle adaptations to marine life in King penguin juveniles (Aptenodytes patagonicus. Experimental Biology 2009, April 18th-22th, New Orleans, USA. .
Abstract: Abstract published in The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal (FASEB J) 23, 629.5.
Programme: 131
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. (2009). Transcriptional analysis of skeletal muscle adaptations to marine life in king penguin juveniles (Aptenodytes patagonicus)..
Abstract: Experimental Biology – New Orleans – 18-22 avril 2009
Programme: 131
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. (2009). Transcriptional analysis of skeletal muscle adaptations to marine life in king penguin juveniles (Aptenodytes patagonicus). FASEB JOURNAL, FASEB J(23), 629.5.
Abstract: King penguin chicks, that are strictly terrestrial during first year after hatching, must depart to sea to reach nutritional emancipation. Juvenile survival therefore depends on their adaptation to the energetic challenges of marine life: 1) harsh thermal environment, 2) long distant food resources, 3) repeated, deep and prolonged nutritional divings.
To elucidate these adaptations, the transcriptome of pectoralis muscle, the main thermogenic and locomotor tissue, was analysed in juveniles that had never been to sea (n=4) and in naturally adapted juveniles (n=3) by using chicken Affymetrix DNA chips (Profilexpert, Lyon).
Results showed the differential expression of nearly 3600 genes after marine life. Genes encoding enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were down regulated while those encoding lipid transport and catabolism were up regulated suggesting an increased use of lipids as energy substrates. Further, transcripts encoding enzymes involved in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species and the associated injuries were also up regulated, suggesting an adaptive response against oxidative stress.
This study opens large perspectives to elucidate how king penguins can survive in an energetically unfavorable and pro-oxidative environment and what contributes to their remarkable longevity.
This study received the financial support of the French Polar Institut (IPEV).
Programme: 131
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Patra P K, Law R M, Peters W, Rdenbeck C, Takigawa M, Aulagnier C, Baker I, Bergmann D J, Bousquet P, Brandt J, Bruhwiler L, Cameron-Smith P J, Christensen J H, Delage F, Denning A S, Fan S, Geels C, Houweling S, Imasu R, Karstens U, Kawa S R, Kleist J, Krol M C, Lin S-J, Lokupitiya R, Maki T, Maksyutov S, Niwa Y, Onishi R, Parazoo N, Pieterse G, Rivier L, Satoh M, Serrar S, Taguchi S, Vautard R, Vermeulen A T, Zhu Z, . (2008). Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22(4), GB4013–.
Abstract: The ability to reliably estimate CO2 fluxes from current in situ atmospheric CO2 measurements and future satellite CO2 measurements is dependent on transport model performance at synoptic and shorter timescales. The TransCom continuous experiment was designed to evaluate the performance of forward transport model simulations at hourly, daily, and synoptic timescales, and we focus on the latter two in this paper. Twenty-five transport models or model variants submitted hourly time series of nine predetermined tracers (seven for CO2) at 280 locations. We extracted synoptic-scale variability from daily averaged CO2 time series using a digital filter and analyzed the results by comparing them to atmospheric measurements at 35 locations. The correlations between modeled and observed synoptic CO2 variabilities were almost always largest with zero time lag and statistically significant for most models and most locations. Generally, the model results using diurnally varying land fluxes were closer to the observations compared to those obtained using monthly mean or daily average fluxes, and winter was often better simulated than summer. Model results at higher spatial resolution compared better with observations, mostly because these models were able to sample closer to the measurement site location. The amplitude and correlation of model-data variability is strongly model and season dependent. Overall similarity in modeled synoptic CO2 variability suggests that the first-order transport mechanisms are fairly well parameterized in the models, and no clear distinction was found between the meteorological analyses in capturing the synoptic-scale dynamics.
Keywords: atmospheric CO 2, transport model, synoptic variations, 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry, 0414 Biogeosciences: Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling, 3329 Atmospheric Processes: Mesoscale meteorology, 3307 Atmospheric Processes: Boundary layer processes,
Programme: 416
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