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Genthon Christophe, Six Delphine, Gallée Hubert, Grigioni Paolo, Pellegrini Andrea, . (2013). Two years of atmospheric boundary layer observations on a 45-m tower at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau
. J. Geophys. Res., 118(8), 3218–3232.
Abstract: The lower atmospheric boundary layer at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau has been continuously monitored along a 45-m tower since 2009. Two years of observations (2009 and 2010) are presented. A strong diurnal cycle is observed near the surface in summer but almost disappears at the top of the tower, indicating that the summer nocturnal inversion is very shallow. Very steep inversions reaching almost 1°C m-1 on average along the tower are observed in winter. They are stronger and more frequent during the colder 2010 winter, reaching a maximum in a layer ~10-15 m above the surface. Winter temperature is characterized by strong synoptic variability. An extreme warm event occurred in July 2009. The temperature reached -30°C, typical of mid-summer weather. Meteorological analyses which agree with the observations near the surface confirm that heat is propagated downward from higher elevations. A high total water column indicates moist air masses aloft originating from the lower latitudes. The coldest temperatures and strongest inversions are associated with characteristic synoptic patterns and a particularly dry atmosphere. Measurement of moisture in the clean and cold Antarctic plateau atmosphere is a challenging task. Supersaturations are very likely but are not revealed by the observations. This is possibly an instrumental artifact that would affect other moisture measurements made in similar conditions. In spite of this, such observations offer a stringent test of the robustness of the polar boundary layer in meteorological and climate models, addressing a major concern raised in the IPCC 2007 report.
Keywords: 3307 Boundary layer processes, 3329 Mesoscale meteorology, 3349 Polar meteorology, 3394 Instruments and techniques, 9310 Antarctica, Antarctica, Boundary layer processes, Mesoscale meteorology, Polar meteorology,
Programme: 1013
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Genthon C., D. Six, H. Gallée, P. Grigioni, A. Pellegrini. (2013). Two years of atmospheric boundary layer observation at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau.
Abstract: DACA 2013, 8-12 Juillet 2013, Davos, Suisse
Programme: 1013
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Kleimenova N.G., Kozyreva O.V., Bitterly M., Schott J.J., Villante U., Francia P. & Best A. (1998). Two types of Pc5 range dayside long period geomagnetic pulsations at middle latitudes during strong magnetic storm. Geomagnetism and aeronomy, 38(1), 61–73.
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Yan Ropert-Coudert, Akiko Kato, Kozue Shiomi, Christophe Barbraud, Frédéric Angelier, Karine Delord, Timothée Poupart, Philippe Koubbi, Thierry Raclot. (2018). Two Recent Massive Breeding Failures in an Adélie Penguin Colony Call for the Creation of a Marine Protected Area in D'Urville Sea/Mertz (Vol. 5). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: In the d’Urville Sea in East Antarctica, a population of roughly 20,000 pairs of Adélie penguins of Iles des Pétrels (Terre Adélie) has experienced two massive breeding failures, with no chick surviving the 2013-14 and 2015-16 breeding seasons. In both seasons the extent of sea ice in front of the colony persisted throughout the breeding cycle of the birds. The timing of sea-ice recession differed greatly between seasons and the absence of polynya in a crucial phase of the cycle were paramount in driving these failures. The change in the icescape in front of Ile des Pétrels following the calving of the Mertz glacier in 2010, together with increase in precipitations and changes in sea-ice firmness explain this situation and are discussed in the present manuscript. To prevent additional future impacts on this colony, like competition with fisheries for instance, we strongly support a scientific research zone in the d'Urville Sea – Mertz area, one of the three zones of proposed Marine Protected Area in East Antarctica to the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
Keywords: Breeding Eco-indicating species extreme events foraging marine protected areas sea ice seabirds
Programme: 1091
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Vána J., Lebouvier M., Ochyra R., Bednarec-Ochyra H., Cykowska B. (2010). Two noteworthy records of hepatics from Île Amsterdam in the South Indian Ocean. NOVA HEDWIGIA, 138, 229–239.
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Chaubet Bernard, Derocles Stéphane AP, Hullé Maurice, Le Ralec Anne, Outreman Yannick, Simon Jean-Christophe, Tomanovi eljko, . (2013). Two new species of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from the high arctic (Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
. Zoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 252(1), 34–40.
Abstract: The high arctic Svalbard archipelago is characterized by a low insect species richness explained by both extreme living conditions and insularity. Here, we described two new species of Hymenopteran parasitoids found in Spitsbergen, the main island of Svalbard, using aphids as hosts. We named the first one Diaeretellus svalbardicum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) because of morphological similarities with other European members of the Diaeretellus genus. D. svalbardicum parasitizes exclusively the aphid Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum, a species endemic to Svalbard. We also reported in D. svalbardicum a unique case of wing polymorphism with macropterous and micropterous forms in both genders. We named the second newly described parasitoid species Aphidius leclanti because of morphological similarities with other members of the Aphidius genus. Contrarily to D. svalbardicum, A. leclanti exploits the only two aphid species regularly found in Spitsbergen, A. svalbardicum and Sitobion calvulum.
Keywords: Arctic environments, Insect biodiversity, Aphid parasitoids, New species, Spitsbergen,
Programme: 426
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Lowe RL, Kociolek JP, Van de Vijver B. (2013). Two new Orthoseira species (Bacillariophyceae) from lava tubes on Ile Amsterdam and Big Island (Hawai’i). Phytotaxa, 111, 39–52.
Abstract: Phytotaxa ISSN 1179-3155
Programme: 136
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E. Le Meur, M. Sacchettini, S. Garambois, E. Berthier, A. S. Drouet, G. Durand, D. Young, J. S. Greenbaum, J. W. Holt, D. D. Blankenship, E. Rignot, J. Mouginot, Y. Gim, D. Kirchner, B. de Fleurian, O. Gagliardini, F. Gillet-Chaulet. (2014). Two independent methods for mapping the grounding line of an outlet glacier – an example from the Astrolabe Glacier, Terre Adélie, Antarctica (Vol. 8).
Abstract: Abstract. The grounding line is a key element of coastal outlet glaciers, acting on their dynamics. Accurately knowing its position is fundamental for both modelling the glacier dynamics and establishing a benchmark for later change detection. Here we map the grounding line of the Astrolabe Glacier in East Antarctica (66°41' S, 140°05' E), using both hydrostatic and tidal methods. The first method is based on new surface and ice thickness data from which the line of buoyant floatation is found. The second method uses kinematic GPS measurements of the tidal response of the ice surface. By detecting the transitions where the ice starts to move vertically in response to the tidal forcing we determine control points for the grounding line position along GPS profiles. Employing a two-dimensional elastic plate model, we compute the rigid short-term behaviour of the ice plate and estimate the correction required to compare the kinematic GPS control points with the previously determined line of floatation. These two approaches show consistency and lead us to propose a grounding line for the Astrolabe Glacier that significantly deviates from the lines obtained so far from satellite imagery.
Programme: 1053
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E. Le Meur, M. Sacchettini, S. Garambois, E. Berthier, A. S. Drouet, G. Durand, D. Young, J. S. Greenbaum, D. D. Blankenship, J. W. Holt, E. Rignot, J. Mouginot, Y. Gim, D. Kirchner, B. de Fleurian, O. Gagliardini and F. Gillet-Chaulet
. (2013). Two independent methods for mapping the grounding line of an outlet glacier – example from the Astrolabe Glacier, Terre Adélie, Antarctica
. The Cryosphere Discuss., 7(4), 3969–4014.
Abstract: Abstract
The grounding line is a key element acting on the dynamics of coastal outlet glaciers.
Knowing its position accurately is fundamental for both modelling the glacier dynamics
and establishing a benchmark to which one can later refer in case of change. Here we
� �map the grounding line of the Astrolabe Glacier in East Antarctica (66 41 S; 140 05 E),
using hydrostatic and tidal methods. The first method is based on new surface and
ice thickness data from which the line of buoyant flotation is found. We compare this
hydrostatic map with kinematic GPS measurements of the tidal response of the ice
surface. By detecting the transitions where the ice starts to move vertically in response
to the tidal forcing we find control points for the grounding line position along GPS
profiles. With the help of a 2-dimensional elastic plate model, rigid elastic deviations are
computed and applied to these control points. Once the extent of the grounding zone,
the kinematic approach is consistent with the hydrostatic map. These two approaches
lead us to propose a grounding line for the Astrolabe Glacier that significantly deviates
from those obtained so far from satellite imagery.
Programme: 1053
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Raymond B, Patterson T, Sharples R, Andrews-Goff V, Lea MA, Alderman R, Charrassin JB, Cottin M, Emmerson L, Gales R, Kato A, Ropert-Coudert Y, Southwell C, Wienecke B, Wotherspoon S, Hindell MA . (2013). Two decades of predator tracking data reveal areas of critical East Antarctic marine habitat.
Abstract: 11th SCAR Biology Symposium
Barcelona, Spain, 15-19 July 2013
Programme: 1091
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