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. (2021). Untangling local and remote influences in two major petrel habitats in the oligotrophic Southern Ocean (Vol. 27).
Abstract: Ocean circulation connects geographically distinct ecosystems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales via exchanges of physical and biogeochemical properties. Remote oceanographic processes can be especially important for ecosystems in the Southern Ocean, where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transports properties across ocean basins through both advection and mixing. Recent tracking studies have indicated the existence of two large-scale, open ocean habitats in the Southern Ocean used by grey petrels (Procellaria cinerea) from two populations (i.e., Kerguelen and Antipodes islands) during their nonbreeding season for extended periods during austral summer (i.e., October to February). In this work, we use a novel combination of large-scale oceanographic observations, surface drifter data, satellite-derived primary productivity, numerical adjoint sensitivity experiments, and output from a biogeochemical state estimate to examine local and remote influences on these grey petrel habitats. Our aim is to understand the oceanographic features that control these isolated foraging areas and to evaluate their ecological value as oligotrophic open ocean habitats. We estimate the minimum local primary productivity required to support these populations to be much <1% of the estimated local primary productivity. The region in the southeast Indian Ocean used by the birds from Kerguelen is connected by circulation to the productive Kerguelen shelf. In contrast, the region in the south-central Pacific Ocean used by seabirds from the Antipodes is relatively isolated suggesting it is more influenced by local factors or the cumulative effects of many seasonal cycles. This work exemplifies the potential use of predator distributions and oceanographic data to highlight areas of the open ocean that may be more dynamic and productive than previously thought. Our results highlight the need to consider advective connections between ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and to re-evaluate the ecological relevance of oligotrophic Southern Ocean regions from a conservation perspective.
Keywords: Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) biogeography conservation grey petrels high seas hotspot open ocean primary productivity Procellaria cinerea seabirds
Programme: 109
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Kolbeinsson, Y., R. v. Bemmelen, Æ. Petersen, J. A. Alves, K. Välimäki, D. J. Okill, O. Gilg, A. Lehikoinen, I. K. Petersen, S. Thorstensen, R. Ramos, and J. González-Solís. (2015). Unravelling the migration and wintering grounds of Red-necked Phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus nesting across the Western Palearctic and in NE Greenland.in 2nd World Seabird Conference, Cape Town, South Africa..
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Kolbeinsson, Y., R. v. Bemmelen, Æ. Petersen, J. A. Alves, K. Välimäki, D. J. Okill, O. Gilg, A. Lehikoinen, I. K. Petersen, S. Thorstensen, R. Ramos, and J. González-Solís. (2015). Unravelling the migration and wintering grounds of Red-necked Phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus nesting across the Western Palearctic and in NE Greenland.
Abstract: 2nd World Seabird Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, 26-30 October 2015
Programme: 1036
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Jumelet J., C. David, S. Bekki, and P. Keckhut. (2009). Uniwavelength lidar sensitivity to spherical aerosol microphysical properties for the interpretation of lagrangian stratospheric observations. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS, 71, 121–131.
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Michael Lockwood, Mathew J. Owens, Carl Haines, Luke Barnard, Christopher John Scott, Aude Chambodut, Kathryn A. McWilliams, Alan W. P. Thomson. (2020). Universal Time Variations in Space Weather (Vol. 12).
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. (2015). Unexpected Levels of Biological Activity during the Polar Night Offer New Perspectives on a Warming Arctic (Vol. 25).
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. (2007). Unexpected heterozygosity in an island mouflon population founded by a single pair of individuals. Proc. Biol. Sci., 274, 527–533.
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. (2016). Unexpected diversity in socially synchronized rhythms of shorebirds (Vol. 540).
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. (2018). Unexpected absence of island endemics: Long-distance dispersal in higher latitude sub-Antarctic Siphonaria (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) species (Vol. 45).
Abstract: Aim We assess biogeographical patterns, population structure and the range of species in the pulmonate genus Siphonaria across the sub-Antarctic. We hypothesized that locally endemic cryptic species will be found across the distribution of these direct-developing limpets in the sub-Antarctic. Location The sub-Antarctic coasts of the Southern Ocean including South America, the Falkland/Malvinas, South Georgia, Kerguelen and Macquarie Islands. Methods Multi-locus phylogenetic reconstructions, mtDNA time-calibrated divergence time estimations and population-based analyses of Siphonaria populations were used at the scale of the Southern Ocean. Results We resolve two widely distributed lineages of Siphonaria (S. lateralis and S. fuegiensis) across the sub-Antarctic. MtDNA divergence time estimates suggest that they were separated around 4.0 Ma (3.0 to 8.0 Ma). Subsequently both species followed different evolutionary pathways across their distributions. Low levels of genetic diversity characterize the populations of both species, reflecting the role of Quaternary glacial cycles during their respective demographic histories, suggesting high levels of dispersal among geographically distant localities. Main conclusions Siphonaria lateralis and S. fuegiensis constitute sister and broadly co-distributed species across the sub-Antarctic. Unexpected transoceanic similarities and low levels of genetic diversity in both these direct-developing species imply recurrent recolonization processes through long-distance dispersal to isolated sub-Antarctic islands. For such groups of Southern Ocean invertebrates, rafting may be more effective for long-distance dispersal than a free-living planktotrophic larval stage. This biogeographical model may explain why many marine species lacking a dispersal phase exhibit broad distributions, low genetic diversity and low population structure over thousands of kilometres.
Keywords: Antarctic circumpolar current direct developers long-distance dispersal oceanic biogeography pulmonate rafting Siphonaria sub-Antarctic
Programme: 1044
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. (2020). (Vol. 4). Bachelor's thesis, , .
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