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Author |
Carole Ferret |
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Title  |
« À chacun son cheval ! Identités nationales et races équines en ex-URSS (à partir des exemples turkmène, kirghize et iakoute) », Cahiers d'Asie centrale, n° 19-20 (La définition des identités, dirigé par C. Ferret et A. Ruffier) |
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2011 |
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19-20 |
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p. 405-458 |
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Résumé
L’article traite de la manière dont les races de chevaux ont été utilisées pour construire et affirmer une définition essentialiste de l’ètnos dans plusieurs pays de l’ex-URSS. L’hypothèse principale est que l’existence d’une race équine “nationale” peut être considérée comme un critère de définition d’une commu¬nauté humaine, en même temps que la langue, le territoire et autres marqueurs culturels. À l’époque soviétique ont été créées de nouvelles races de chevaux, telles que le novokirgiz “nouveau kirghize”, en croisant plusieurs races originai¬res de différentes régions de l’Union afin de les “améliorer” (i. e. augmenter leur productivité). Il fallait produire un “cheval nouveau” pour un “homme nouveau”. Après la dislocation de l’URSS, plusieurs races équines dont on cherche à retrou¬ver la “pureté” originelle, ont été érigées en emblèmes nationaux. Le cheval turkmène est censé être l’ancêtre de tous les pur-sang. La réinvention du cheval kirghize contribue au développement de l’écotourisme au Kirghizstan. Le cheval iakoute est utilisé comme garant de l’autochtonie des Sakhas. Mais jusqu’où va cette identification entre races équines et identités nationales ? L’article s’ouvre sur une réflexion générale au sujet de la notion d’identité qui clôt le volume.
Abstract
To each its own horse! National identities and horse breeds in former USSR (with examples from Turkmen, Kirghiz, and Yakut)
This article deals with the different ways horse breeds have been used to build and reaffirm an essentialist definition of ethnos in several countries from the former USSR. The main hypothesis is that the existence of a specific horse breed can be viewed as an additional criterion of a human community, along with lan¬guage, territory and other cultural markers. During Soviet times, new horse breeds were created, such as the “Novo-Kirghiz” by crossing existing breeds from different parts of the Soviet Union in order to “ameliorate” them (i. e. enhance their productivity). A “new horse” has to be produced for “the new man”. After the dislocation of the USSR, national horse breeds have been promo¬ted as national emblems. Breeders are looking for originally “pure-blood” animals. Turkmen horse is supposed to be the ancestor of all thoroughbreds. The reinvention of the Kirghiz horse contributes to the development of ecotourism in Kyrgyzstan. Yakut horse may reaffirm autochthony for Sakha people. But how far are national identities identified with horse breeds? The article ends with ge¬neral reflections on the concept of identity.
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4642 |
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Gomm E. |
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Zooplankton community assemblages and trophic links in a nearshore zone of the Adélie Basin, East Antarctica. |
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Report |
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2016 |
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University of tasmania honours thesis, |
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68 pp. |
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Distribution, and abundances of the zooplankton community at site Jacobsen (40 m depth) near Dumont d’Urville Station (-66.39oS, 140.00oE) in the East Antarctic, Adélie Basin area are reported. The sampling period went from the 15th November 2015 to the 3rd of February 2016. Samples were taken in the water column over the course of the sea ice break-up and subsequent spring phytoplankton bloom. Environmental variables such as chlorophyll a, air temperature, salinity and temperature in the water column were measured and later sea ice extent and concentration data was acquired to make informed conclusions regarding the presence and abundance of zooplankton species. Oithona similis, Oncaea curvata, and Drescheriella glacialis were species found in high abundances. D. glacialis in particular was found within the sea ice.
Stable isotope analysis was conducted on samples of seawater particulate organic matter (POM), ice core POM, Oithona similis, Oncaea curvata, Pleuragramma antarcticum larvae, and adult Trematomus newnesi, Trematomus bernacchii, and Notothenia coriiceps. Where necessary samples were lipid extracted of lipid corrected to give appropriate ????13C and ????15N values. Known trophic enrichment factors were then used to construct a possible food chain in the lower trophic levels of a coastal Antarctic site. |
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yes |
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6817 |
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Author |
Robin JP et J Labonne |
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Title |
Zone Atelier Antarctique et Terres Australes : Bilan et Perspectives |
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Book Chapter |
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2019 |
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15émes journées scientifiques du CNFRA, 16-17 mai 2019, Paris, France |
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La Zone Atelier Antarctique et Terres Australes (ZATA) fédère les programmes de recherches portant sur le suivi à long terme de la biodiversité native et introduite. Ces dernières années, les efforts ont porté notamment sur la biogéographie et la définition d'écorégion, briques de connaissances essentielles pour la gestion de l'environnement austral. Le développement du bio-logging dans la ZATA a aussi rendu possible une très forte convergence entre la biologie marine pélagique et l'écologie des oiseaux et mammifères marins. Par ailleurs, ces évolutions technologiques induisent un changement important dans la place de l'écologie: les organismes étudiés deviennent directement des fournisseurs de données massives inédites aux autres disciplines (océanographie, climatologie). Les challenges à venir intègrent la mise en place de réseaux de capteurs cohérents, dans un cadre national puis international (IPEV/SCAR), ainsi qu'un niveau de synergie encore accru entre les programmes. |
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119 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7281 |
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Beunon H, Mattielli N, Doucet L-s, Moine B, Guillaume D, Debaille V, Wasilewski B, Gregoire M, Delacour A, Cottin J-y, Delpech G |
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Zinc isotope fractionation in upper mantle: new insights from ultra-refractory mantle xenoliths in an oceanic intraplate setting. |
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Book Chapter |
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2017 |
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Goldschmidt conference, 13-18 August, Paris, France |
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1077 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7319 |
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Tourpin S. & Giret A. |
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Title |
Zeolitisation and Ree Basalt Contents in the Kerguelen Islands. |
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Conference - International - Article without Reading Comitee |
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1998 |
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Progress in Kerguelen Islands Geology |
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43-44 |
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Workshop 'Progress in Kerguelen Islands Geology' |
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251 |
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yes |
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2126 |
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Gamble, A., Garnier, R. & Boulinier, T. |
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ZATA-ILTER: Optimization of sampling designs in eco-epidemiologic studies based on the detection of antibodies. |
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2017 |
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Poster presenation at the ZATA-ILTER bi-annual meeting, Nantes, October, 2nd – 4th 2017. |
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1151 |
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yes |
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6764 |
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Sophie Marie Dupont, Christophe Barbraud, Olivier Chastel, Karine Delord, Stéphanie Ruault, Henri Weimerskirch, Frédéric Angelier |
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Title |
Young parents produce offspring with short telomeres: A study in a long-lived bird, the Black-browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) |
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2018 |
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PLOS ONE |
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13 |
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3 |
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e0193526 |
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Animal sexual behavior Birds Feathers Foraging Physiological parameters Telomeres Vertebrates Wildlife |
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In wild vertebrates, young parents are less likely to successfully rear offspring relative to older ones because of lower parental skills (‘the constraint hypothesis’), lower parental investment (‘the restraint hypothesis’) or because of a progressive disappearance of lower-quality individuals at young ages (‘the selection hypothesis’). Because it is practically difficult to follow an offspring during its entire life, most studies have only focused on the ability of individuals to breed or produce young, while neglecting the ability of such young to subsequently survive and reproduce. Several proxies of individual quality can be useful to assess the ability of young to survive and recruit into the population. Among them, telomere length measurement appears especially promising because telomere length has been linked to longevity and fitness in captive and wild animals. By sampling 51 chicks reared by known-aged parents, we specifically tested whether parental age was correlated to offspring telomere length and body condition in a long-lived bird species, the Black-browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys). Young Black-browed albatrosses produced chicks with shorter telomere relative to those raised by older ones. Short offspring telomeres could result from poor developmental conditions or heritability of telomere length. Moreover, young parents also had chicks of lower body condition when compared with older parents, although this effect was significant in female offspring only. Overall, our study demonstrates that parental age is correlated to two proxies of offspring fitness (body condition and telomere length), suggesting therefore that older individuals provide better parental cares to their offspring because of increased parental investment (restraint hypothesis), better foraging/parental skills (constraint hypothesis) or because only high-quality individuals reach older ages (selection hypothesis). |
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109 |
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1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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7118 |
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McGraw K.J., Wakamatsu K., Ito S., Nolan P.M., Jouventin P., Dobson F.S., Austic R.E., Safran R., Siefferman L., Hill G. & Parker R. |
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You Can't Always Judge a Plumage Pigment by its Color: Carotenoid and Melanin Content of Yellow and Brown Feathers in Swallows, Bluebirds, Penguins, and Domestic Chicks. |
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2004 |
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Condor |
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Condor |
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106 |
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390-395 |
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354 |
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0010-5422 |
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2602 |
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Legrand Michel, Yang Xin, Preunkert Susanne, Theys Nicolas |
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Year‐round records of sea salt, gaseous, and particulate inorganic bromine in the atmospheric boundary layer at coastal (Dumont d'Urville) and central (Concordia) East Antarctic sites |
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2016 |
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Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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121 |
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2 |
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997-1023 |
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Antarctic sea ice Antarctica inorganic bromine oxidants sea salt |
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Abstract Multiple year?round records of bulk and size?segregated compositions of aerosol were obtained at the coastal Dumont d'Urville (DDU) and inland Concordia sites located in East Antarctica. They document the sea?salt aerosol load and composition including, for the first time in Antarctica, the bromide depletion of sea?salt aerosol relative to sodium with respect to seawater. In parallel, measurements of bromide trapped in mist chambers and denuder tubes were done to investigate the concentrations of gaseous inorganic bromine species. These data are compared to simulations done with an off?line chemistry transport model, coupled with a full tropospheric bromine chemistry scheme and a process?based sea?salt production module that includes both sea?ice?sourced and open?ocean?sourced aerosol emissions. Observed and simulated sea?salt concentrations sometime differ by up to a factor of 2 to 3, particularly at DDU possibly due to local wind pattern. In spite of these discrepancies, both at coastal and inland Antarctica, the dominance of sea?ice?related processes with respect to open ocean emissions for the sea?salt aerosol load in winter is confirmed. For summer, observations and simulations point out sea salt as the main source of gaseous inorganic bromine species. Investigations of bromide in snow pit samples do not support the importance of snowpack bromine emissions over the Antarctic Plateau. To evaluate the overall importance of the bromine chemistry over East Antarctica, BrO simulations were also discussed with respect data derived from GOME?2 satellite observations over Antarctica. |
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1154 |
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2169-897X |
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2169-897X |
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6736 |
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Lambert G., Monfray P., Ardouin B., Bonsang G., Gaudry A., Kazan V. & Polian G. |
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Year-to-year changes in atmospheric CO2. |
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1995 |
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Tellus series a-dynamic meteorology and oceanography |
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47B |
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53-55 |
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146 |
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0280-6495 |
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464 |
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