Laparie M, Lebouvier M, Lalouette L, Renault D, . (2010). Variation of morphometric traits in populations of an invasive carabid predator (Merizodus soledadinus) within a sub-Antarctic island
. Biol. Invasions, 12(10), 3405–3417 -3417.
Abstract: Invasive predators may change their own trophic conditions by progressively displacing or reducing diversity and abundance of native prey. As food quality and quantity are two main factors determining adult body size in arthropods, alteration of the available resources may thus affect predators morphology. The flightless carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus was accidentally introduced to Iles Kerguelen in a single site in 1913. Its successful spreading process has been monitored over the long term, providing an exceptional research opportunity with multiple snapshots of similar colonized sites mostly differing by the residence time of M. soledadinus. To test if M. soledadinus morphology is correlated with its residence time in each habitat, we measured nine morphometric traits in five populations. We detected significant morphological differences: individuals from the first colonized site were the smallest, whereas individuals from the most recently colonized site were the largest. Our study also highlighted among-site variation in sexual dimorphism of the last abdominal sternite: its length differed between sites for females, but not for males. We discuss this diminution of M. soledadinus size in the light of both a priori (development under diet restriction, survival) and a posteriori (intrapopulation competition, cannibalism) effects on growth and development.
Keywords: Biomedical and Life Sciences,
Programme: 136
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Albessard E., Mayzaud P. & Cuzin Roudy J. (2001). Variation of lipid classes among organs of the Northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica with respect to reproduction. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol., 129, 373–390.
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Buchholz C.M., Lebreton B., Bartsch I., Wiencke C. (2019). Variation of isotope composition in kelps from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) | SpringerLink (Vol. 166).
Abstract: Kelp-derived detritus is a potential food item at the base level of marine food webs. A good knowledge of the factors that influence stable isotope composition in kelps is essential for reliable food web models. The variation of stable isotope signatures was analysed in three species of kelp in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Between 15 and 2.5 m depth, towards higher photon fluence rate, Alaria esculenta was gradually enriched in 13C while 15N did not change. The carbon/nitrogen ratio decreased with depth. 2- and 3-year-old kelp individuals had significantly higher δ15N values in their blades than 5- and 6-year-old ones. C/N ratio in blades remained statistically the same over the range of 2–6 years old plants. A two-way ANOVA did not show any interactive effects between depth and age group. A. esculenta as well as Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata exhibited enrichment in heavy carbon isotopes in the blades compared to the stipes, while within each species, δ15N values remained the same between blades and stipes. A more detailed analysis of kelp blades showed that independent of location in the fjord, year or season, and species, young tissue was more enriched in 13C than meristem and that decaying apical tissue was depleted relative to young tissue. The degree of this 13C depletion varied with kelp species. Meristem tissue appeared most uniform in the blades compared to young and decaying tissues and its δ13C signature was characteristic for each species with no significant difference in δ15N values. Decaying tissue showed no difference in δ13C between species. Carbon and nitrogen contents along the blades were species-specific and varied with growing location and year or season. Some advice is given on the temporal, spatial, and tissue-related choice of samples for different research objectives.
Programme: 1190
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Fay Rémi, Barbraud Christophe, Delord Karine, Weimerskirch Henri. (2016). Variation in the age of first reproduction: different strategies or individual quality? (Vol. 97).
Abstract: Abstract Although age at first reproduction is a key demographic parameter that is probably under high selective pressure, it is highly variable and the cause of this variability is not well understood. Two non?exclusive hypotheses may explain such variability. It could be the expression of different individual strategies, i.e., different allocation strategies in fitness components, or the consequences of individual difference in intrinsic quality, i.e., some individuals always doing better than others in all fitness components. We tested these hypotheses in the Wandering Albatross investigating relationships between the age at first reproduction and subsequent adult demographic traits. Using finite mixture capture recapture modeling, we demonstrate that the age at first reproduction is negatively related to both reproductive performances and adult survival, suggesting that individual quality was an important factor explaining variation in the age at first reproduction. Our results suggest that age at first breeding is a good predictor of quality in this long?lived seabird species.
Keywords: capture–mark–recapture individual heterogeneity life‐history plasticity reaction norm trade‐off Wandering Albatross
Programme: 109
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Chauvaud Laurent, Patry Yann, Jolivet Aurélie, Cam Emmanuelle, Le Goff Clement, Strand Øivind, Charrier Grégory, Thébault Julien, Lazure Pascal, Gotthard Karl, Clavier Jacques, . (2012). Variation in Size and Growth of the Great Scallop Pecten maximus along a Latitudinal Gradient
. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e37717–.
Abstract: Understanding the relationship between growth and temperature will aid in the evaluation of thermal stress and threats to ectotherms in the context of anticipated climate changes. Most Pecten maximus scallops living at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere have a larger maximum body size than individuals further south, a common pattern among many ectotherms. We investigated differences in daily shell growth among scallop populations along the Northeast Atlantic coast from Spain to Norway. This study design allowed us to address precisely whether the asymptotic size observed along a latitudinal gradient, mainly defined by a temperature gradient, results from differences in annual or daily growth rates, or a difference in the length of the growing season. We found that low annual growth rates in northern populations are not due to low daily growth values, but to the smaller number of days available each year to achieve growth compared to the south. We documented a decrease in the annual number of growth days with age regardless of latitude. However, despite initially lower annual growth performances in terms of growing season length and growth rate, differences in asymptotic size as a function of latitude resulted from persistent annual growth performances in the north and sharp declines in the south. Our measurements of daily growth rates throughout life in a long-lived ectothermic species provide new insight into spatio-temporal variations in growth dynamics and growing season length that cannot be accounted for by classical growth models that only address asymptotic size and annual growth rate.
Programme: 1090
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Hennion F. & Martin-Tanguy J. (2003). Variation in growth and polyamine composition of the crucifer Pringlea antiscorbutica from various sites in subantarctic islands..
Abstract: Vth RiSCC workshop, Varèse, Italy,
02-07/07/2003
Programme: 136
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Hennion F., Frenot Y. & Martin-Tanguy J. (2003). Variation in growth and polyamine composition of the crucifer Pringlea antiscorbutica from various sites in subantarctic islands..
Abstract: IVth Conference on
Biochemistry, Ecophysiology and Population Biology of Alpine and Polar Plants, Trins, Austria,
09-11/07/2003
Programme: 136
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Barbraud C., Mariani A. & Jouventin P. (2000). Variation in call properties of the snow petrel, Pagodroma nivea, in relation to sex and body size. Aust. J. Zool., 48, 421–430.
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Richard Gaëtan, Vacquié-Garcia Jade, Jouma'a Joffrey, Picard Baptiste, Génin Alexandre, Arnould John P Y, Bailleul Frédéric, Guinet Christophe, . (2014). Variation in body condition during the post-moult foraging trip of southern elephant seals and its consequences on diving behaviour.
. J. Exp. Biol., 217(Pt 14), 2609–19.
Abstract: Mature female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) come ashore only in October to breed and in January to moult, spending the rest of the year foraging at sea. Mature females may lose as much as 50% of their body mass, mostly in lipid stores, during the breeding season due to fasting and lactation. When departing to sea, post-breeding females are negatively buoyant, and the relative change in body condition (i.e. density) during the foraging trip has previously been assessed by monitoring the descent rate during drift dives. However, relatively few drift dives are performed, resulting in low resolution of the temporal reconstruction of body condition change. In this study, six post-breeding females were equipped with time-depth recorders and accelerometers to investigate whether changes in active swimming effort and speed could be used as an alternative method of monitoring density variations throughout the foraging trip. In addition, we assessed the consequences of density change on the swimming efforts of individuals while diving and investigated the effects on dive duration. Both descent swimming speed and ascent swimming effort were found to be strongly correlated to descent rate during drift dives, enabling the fine-scale monitoring of seal density change over the whole trip. Negatively buoyant seals minimized swimming effort during descents, gliding down at slower speeds, and reduced their ascent swimming effort to maintain a nearly constant swimming speed as their buoyancy increased. One per cent of seal density variation over time was found to induce a 20% variation in swimming effort during dives with direct consequences on dive duration.
Keywords: Animals, Behavior, Animal, Behavior, Animal: physiology, Biomechanical Phenomena, Body Composition, Diving, Diving: physiology, Female, Oceans and Seas, Seals, Earless, Seals, Earless: physiology, Swimming, Swimming: physiology, Telemetry,
Programme: 109
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Hennion Françoise, Bouchereau Alain, Gauthier Cynthia, Hermant Marie, Vernon Philippe, Prinzing Andreas, . (2012). Variation in amine composition in plant species:How it integrates macroevolutionary and environmental signals
. American Journal of Botany , 99 (1 ), 36–45 .
Abstract: Premise of the study: While plants show lineage-specific differences in metabolite composition, plant metabolites are also known to vary in response to the environment. The extent to which these different determinants of metabolite composition are mutually independent and recognizable is unknown. Moreover, the extent to which the metabolome can reconcile evolutionary constraint with the needs of the plant for rapid environmental response is unknown. We investigated these questions in plant species representing different phylogenetic lineages and growing in different subantarctic island environments. We studied their aminesmetabolites involved in plant response to environmental conditions. Methods: Nine species were sampled under high salinity, water saturation, and altitude on the Kerguelen Islands. Their profiles of free aromatic, aliphatic, and acetyl-conjugated amines were determined by HPLC. We related amine composition to species and environment using generalized discriminant analyses. Key results: Amine composition differed significantly between species within the same environment, and the differences reflected phylogenetic positions. Moreover, across all species, amine metabolism differed between environments, and different lineages occupied different absolute positions in amine/environment space. Interestingly, all species had the same relative shifts in amine composition between environments. Conclusion: Our results indicate a similar response of amine composition to abiotic environments in distantly related angiosperms, suggesting environmental flexibility of species is maintained despite major differences in amine composition among lineages. These results aid understanding of how in nature the plant metabolome integrates ecology and evolution, thus providing primordial information on adaptive mechanisms of plant metabolism to climate change.
Programme: 136
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