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Helle A. Pedersen, Nicolas Leroy, Dimitri Zigone, Martin Vallée, Adam T. Ringler, David C. Wilson |
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Title  |
Using Component Ratios to Detect Metadata and Instrument Problems of Seismic Stations: Examples from 18 Yr of GEOSCOPE Data |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Seismological research letters |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
272-286 |
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Abstract |
Replacement or deterioration of seismic instruments and the evolution of the installation conditions and sites can alter the seismic signal in very subtle ways; therefore, it is notoriously difficult to monitor the signal quality of permanent seismic stations. We present a simple way to characterize and monitor signal quality, using energy ratios between each pair of the three components, as a complement to existing methods. To calculate stable daily energy ratios over a large frequency range (0.01–5 Hz), we use the daily median energy ratio over all 5 min windows within the day. The method is applied to all GEOSCOPE stations, for continuous BH channel data collected since 2001. We show applications to identify past gain problems (stations ROCAM and CRZF), to provide feedback after field interventions at remote sites (Antarctic station DRV), and to shed light on complex instrument problems (stations ECH and KIP). Our results show that component energy ratios have excellent time resolution and that they are visually simple for identification of problems. They can be used both for ongoing continuous monitoring of the signal quality, or as a tool to identify past problems. The Python code to produce the results in this work and the Python code for daily monitoring used by GEOSCOPE are available (see Data and Resources). |
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133 |
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yes |
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7672 |
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Michael Lockwood, Mathew J. Owens, Carl Haines, Luke Barnard, Christopher John Scott, Aude Chambodut, Kathryn A. McWilliams, Alan W. P. Thomson |
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Title |
Universal Time Variations in Space Weather |
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2020 |
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Earth and space science open archive |
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12 |
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We introduce the inductive effects of polar cap motions towards and way from the Sun into magnetospheric electrodynamics and show how this explains observed Universal Time variations in hemispheric geomagnetic indices. The large (and growing) hemispheric asymmetry in the offsets of the geomagnetic (dip or eccentric dipole) poles from Earth’s rotational axis means that the effect is not cancelled out in global indices. By adding this effect to that of the Russell-McPherron effect on solar wind-magnetosphere coupling, that of ionospheric conductivities, and that of the solar wind dynamic pressure and dipole tilt on the near-Earth tail lobe field and cross-tail current sheet, we are able to model the persistent “equinoctial” time-of-day/time-of-year pattern (with additional net Universal time variations) observed in the an, as and am geomagnetic indices since 1959. We discuss the implications for the longitudinal dependence of the effects of extreme space weather events |
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139 |
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yes |
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8464 |
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Chuxian Li, Jeroen E. Sonke, Gaël Le Roux, Natalia Piotrowska, Nathalie Van der Putten, Stephen J. Roberts, Tim Daley, Emma Rice, Roland Gehrels, Maxime Enrico, Dmitri Mauquoy, Thomas P. Roland, François De Vleeschouwer |
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Title |
Unequal Anthropogenic Enrichment of Mercury in Earth’s Northern and Southern Hemispheres |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2073-2081 |
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Remote Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) lake sediment and peat records of mercury (Hg) deposition have shown a ×3 to ×5 Hg enrichment since pre-industrial times (<1880 AD), leading to the perception that global atmospheric Hg enrichment is moderate and uniform across the hemispheres. Anthropogenic Hg emissions in the NH are, however, approximately 4 times higher than those in the SH. Here, we reconstruct atmospheric Hg deposition in four remote SH peatlands and review sediment and peat Hg records from both hemispheres. We observe a ×4 all-time enrichment in SH Hg deposition from pre-anthropogenic (<1450 AD) to the late 20th-century periods, which is lower than the large ×16 all-time enrichment in NH Hg deposition. We attribute this difference to lower anthropogenic Hg emissions in the SH, and higher natural atmospheric SH Hg concentrations, supported by ×2 higher natural background Hg accumulation in SH peat records. We suggest that the higher SH natural atmospheric Hg deposition reflects the SH land–ocean distribution, and is driven by important SH marine Hg emissions. Our findings indicate that atmospheric Hg background levels and anthropogenic enrichment in both hemispheres are different and should be taken into account in international Hg assessments and environmental policy. |
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1065,1133 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7791 |
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Crouzet N., Guillot T., Abe L., Mékarnia D., Agabi K., Bresson Y., Bailet C., Mauclert N., Heras A., Ferruit P., Triaud A., Lagrange A., Schmider ., Giardino G., Isaak K., Kohley R., Michalik D., Foing B., Pilbratt G., Stankov A., Gondoin P., Birkmann S., O'Rourke L. |
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Title |
Two-colour photometry to search for transiting exoplanets with ASTEP at Dome C, Antarctica |
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Communication |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scar 2020 open science conference |
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Dome C in Antarctica provides exceptional conditions for photometry thanks to the continuous night during the Antarctic winter, a high clear sky fraction, low wind speeds, and a cold and dry atmosphere. The ASTEP project (Antarctic Search for Transiting ExoPlanets) aims at detecting and characterising transiting exoplanets and qualifying this site for photometry in the visible. The main instrument, a 40 cm telescope, has been designed to perform high precision photometry under the extreme conditions of the Antarctic winter and has operated at the Concordia station since 2010. It will be upgraded with two new cameras and a new camera box in order to provide simultaneous two-colour photometry and substantially increase its throughput. The new setup will be operational for the winter campaign 2021 and will allow us to discover transiting exoplanets orbiting bright stars in particular low mass exoplanets, temperate exoplanets, exoplanets around young stars, and to refine the ephemerides of exoplanets discovered by the TESS mission. These observations will provide targets for first characterisation with the CHEOPS mission and atmospheric studies with the JWST and ARIEL missions. In this talk, I will describe the science goals and the upgrade of the ASTEP telescope. |
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1066 |
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yes |
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7806 |
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Philippe Ricaud, Paolo Grigioni, Romain Roehrig, Pierre Durand, Dana E. Veron |
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Title |
Trends in Atmospheric Humidity and Temperature above Dome C, Antarctica Evaluated from Observations and Reanalyses |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Atmosphere |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
836 |
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Keywords |
meteorological reanalyses microwave radiometer precipitable water radiosondes SAM index temperature trends |
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The time evolution of humidity and temperature above Dome C (Antarctica) has been investigated by considering data from (1) meteorological radiosondes (2005–2017), (2) the microwave radiometer HAMSTRAD (2012–2017), (3) four modern meteorological reanalyses (1980–2017) and (4) the southern annular mode (SAM) index (1980–2017). From these observations (2005–2017), a significant moistening trend (0.08 ± 0.06 kg m−2 dec−1) is associated with a significant warming trend (1.08 ± 0.55 K dec−1) in summer. Conversely, a significant drying trend of −0.04 ± 0.03 kg m−2 dec−1 (−0.05 ± 0.03 kg m−2 dec−1) is associated with a significant cooling trend of −2.4 ± 1.2 K dec−1 (−5.1 ± 2.0 K dec−1) in autumn (winter), with no significant trends in the spring. We demonstrate that 1) the trends identified in the radiosondes (2005–2017) are also present in the reanalyses and 2) the multidecadal variability of integrated water vapor and near-surface temperature (1980–2017) is strongly influenced by variability in the SAM index for all seasons but spring. Our study suggests that the decadal trends observed in humidity and near-surface temperature at Dome C (2005–2017) reflect the multidecadal variability of the atmosphere, and are not indicative of long-term trends that may be related to global climate change. |
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910 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2073-4433 |
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yes |
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7838 |
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Author |
Philippe Ricaud, Paolo Grigioni, Romain Roehrig, Pierre Durand, Dana E. Veron |
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Title |
Trends in Atmospheric Humidity and Temperature above Dome C |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Antarctica Evaluated from Observations and Reanalyses, SCAR, Visio, Hobart, Australia, August 2020. |
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yes |
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7840 |
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Author |
Jouanneau W, Léandri-Breton DJ, Moe B, Parenteau C, Herzke D, Elliott K, Gabrielsen GW, Chastel O |
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Title |
Transfert maternel de contaminants et perturbation endocrine chez un oiseau marin Arctique |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
16émes journées scientifiques du CNFRA, 22-23 septembre 2020, La Rochelle, France |
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330 |
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yes |
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8046 |
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Mark A. Hindell, Ryan R. Reisinger, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Luis A. Hückstädt, Philip N. Trathan, Horst Bornemann, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Steven L. Chown, Daniel P. Costa, Bruno Danis, Mary-Anne Lea, David Thompson, Leigh G. Torres, Anton P. Van de Putte, Rachael Alderman, Virginia Andrews-Goff, Ben Arthur, Grant Ballard, John Bengtson, Marthán N. Bester, Arnoldus Schytte Blix, Lars Boehme, Charles-André Bost, Peter Boveng, Jaimie Cleeland, Rochelle Constantine, Stuart Corney, Robert J. M. Crawford, Luciano Dalla Rosa, P. J. Nico de Bruyn, Karine Delord, Sébastien Descamps, Mike Double, Louise Emmerson, Mike Fedak, Ari Friedlaender, Nick Gales, Michael E. Goebel, Kimberly T. Goetz, Christophe Guinet, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Rob Harcourt, Jefferson T. Hinke, Kerstin Jerosch, Akiko Kato, Knowles R. Kerry, Roger Kirkwood, Gerald L. Kooyman, Kit M. Kovacs, Kieran Lawton, Andrew D. Lowther, Christian Lydersen, Phil O’B Lyver, Azwianewi B. Makhado, Maria E. I. Márquez, Birgitte I. McDonald, Clive R. McMahon, Monica Muelbert, Dominik Nachtsheim, Keith W. Nicholls, Erling S. Nordøy, Silvia Olmastroni, Richard A. Phillips, Pierre Pistorius, Joachim Plötz, Klemens Pütz, Norman Ratcliffe, Peter G. Ryan, Mercedes Santos, Colin Southwell, Iain Staniland, Akinori Takahashi, Arnaud Tarroux, Wayne Trivelpiece, Ewan Wakefield, Henri Weimerskirch, Barbara Wienecke, José C. Xavier, Simon Wotherspoon, Ian D. Jonsen, Ben Raymond |
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Title |
Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
580 |
Issue |
7801 |
Pages |
87-92 |
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Abstract |
Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change1,2. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems. |
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394,1091,1182,1201 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1476-4687 |
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yes |
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7673 |
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Alice Carravieri, Paco Bustamante, Pierre Labadie, Hélène Budzinski, Olivier Chastel, Yves Cherel |
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Title |
Trace elements and persistent organic pollutants in chicks of 13 seabird species from Antarctica to the subtropics |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Environment International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
134 |
Issue |
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Pages |
105225 |
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Keywords |
Albatrosses; Mercury; Penguins; Petrels; Selenium; Stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
Seabirds from remote regions are mainly exposed to environmental contaminants from non-point contamination of their food webs. Pre-fledging seabird chicks are fed by their parents with marine prey captured in the vicinity of breeding colonies. Contaminant concentrations in tissues of pre-fledging chicks can thus be mostly related to local dietary sources, and have the potential to unravel spatial patterns of environmental contamination in marine ecosystems. Here, mercury (Hg), 13 other trace elements, and 18 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were quantified in blood of chicks across four breeding locations that encompass a large latitudinal range in the southern Indian Ocean (from Antarctica, through subantarctic areas, to the subtropics), over a single breeding season. Thirteen species of penguins, albatrosses and petrels were studied, including endangered and near-threatened species, such as Amsterdam albatrosses and emperor penguins. Blood Hg burdens varied widely between species, with a factor of ~50 between the lowest and highest concentrations (mean ± SD, 0.05 ± 0.01 and 2.66 ± 0.81 µg g−1 dry weight, in thin-billed prions and Amsterdam albatrosses, respectively). Species relying on Antarctic waters for feeding had low Hg exposure. Concentrations of POPs were low in chicks, with the exception of hexachlorobenzene. Contaminant concentrations were mainly explained by species differences, but feeding habitat (inferred from δ13C values) and chicks’ body mass also contributed to explain variation. Collectively, our findings call for further toxicological investigations in Amsterdam albatrosses and small petrel species, because they were exposed to high and diverse sources of contaminants, and in macaroni penguins, which specifically showed very high selenium concentrations. Capsule Seabird chicks from four distant sites in the southern Indian Ocean had contrasted blood metallic and organic contaminant patterns depending on species, feeding habitat and body mass. |
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109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0160-4120 |
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yes |
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7674 |
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Nicolas Crouzet, Abdelkrim Agabi, Tristan Guillot, Lyu Abe, François-Xavier Schmider, Djamel Mékarnia, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Yves Bresson, Nicolas Mauclert, Christophe Bailet, Dennis Breeveld, Sander Blommaert, Brian Shortt, Jean-Baptiste Daban, Anne-Marie Lagrange, Romain Touzé, Justin Dufour, Valentin Stee, Jocelyn Caruana |
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Title |
Towards ASTEP+, a two-color photometric telescope at Dome C, Antarctica |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11447 |
Issue |
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Pages |
114470O |
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Abstract |
Dome C, Antarctica is unique in particular for long-duration astronomical observations due to the excellent weather conditions and nearly uninterrupted nights during the Southern winter period. The 40 cm telescope ASTEP has been operating successfully at the Concordia base, at Dome C, since 2010. We describe the new ASTEP+, a major upgrade of its camera box which will allow it to observe simultaneously in two colors. Approximately three times more photons will be collected for science, yielding more sensitive and accurate observations. The southern location of the telescope means that it is ideally located to follow-up exoplanetary targets in preparation for the future JWST and Ariel observations, in particular when located in the southern continuous viewing zones of these space-based telescopes. |
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1066 |
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yes |
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7803 |
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