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Crubézy E.,Alexeev A. |
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Мир древних якутов, опыт междисциплинарных сследований. The world of The ancient Yakuts: a transdisciplinary approach from the French/iakut expedition. |
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2012 |
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North federal university yakuts |
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225 |
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1038 |
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6916 |
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Carole Ferret |
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« Une transhumance dans le sud-est du Kazakhstan », in Christian BROMBERGER et Azadeh KIAN (dir.), De l’Iran au Jazz, à cheval. Mélanges en hommage à Jean-Pierre Digard, Paris, CNRS éditions. |
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Conference - International - Article with Reading Comitee |
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2015 |
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141-162 |
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Le pastoralisme nomade a longtemps été l’activité principale des Kazakhs, considérés comme représentant l’archétype des pasteurs nomades. En réalité, les Kazakhs pratiquent des formes diverses de pastoralisme nomade et leur mobilité résidentielle est variable. L’article présente le récit d’une transhumance, à laquelle l’auteur a participé en juin 2012 dans le sud-est du Kazakhstan. Aujourd’hui, l’élevage est généralement sédentaire au Kazakhstan, mais un système de pâtures saisonnières perdure néanmoins dans certaines régions. Dans le district de Rajymbek (région d’Almaty), le nomadisme vertical tire parti des variations altitudinales du climat et de la végétation. Dans les années 2000 les bergers ont renoué avec la transhumance, menant leurs moutons, bovins et chevaux vers les alpages. Cette étude de terrain montre la réalité actuelle du pastoralisme mobile au Kazakhstan, qui a traversé plusieurs crises liées à la colonisation russe, à la collectivisation soviétique puis à la privatisation des années 1990. |
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1057 |
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6087 |
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Carole Ferret |
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« Transhumance in South-Eastern Kazakhstan » dans un panel que j’ai coordonné sur le thème : Today’s mobile pastoralism in Kazakhstan, XIII Biennial Conference of the European Society for Central Asian Studies (ESCAS): « The Steppe and the Sown », Astana, Kazakhstan. |
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2013 |
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Panel: « Today’s mobile pastoralism in Kazakhstan »
ESCAS (European Society for Central Asian Studies) XIII conference (Astana, 5th-6th August 2013) 'The Steppe and the Sown'
« One example/case of today’s mobile pastoralism in South-Eastern Kazakhstan »
Nomadic pastoralism has long been the main activity among the Kazakhs, who have been seen as “typical steppe nomads”. In fact, even at the end of the XIXth century, the Kazakhs already practised various forms of nomadic pastoralism, sometimes combined with agriculture, and only a minority of them were “pure nomads” without fixed settlement and all-year long mobility. The majority stayed several months at the same place in winter (qystau). Kazakh nomadic itineraries were either latitudinal (mainly from South in winter to North in summer), which were the longest ones, either altitudinal (from lower to higher altitudes in summer), exploiting the natural diversity of pastures and water supply. Kazakh husbandry is traditionally plurispecific (sheep, goats, cattle, horses and camels), the proportion of each species depending on the region and on individual wealth.
In the XXth century, Kazakh pastoralism has endured repeated severe crises: a firstly progressive (in Tsarist times) and afterwards brutal (in the 1930’s) forced settlement, linked with the collectivization of stock which induced a dramatic famine; in the 1990’s, a decollectivization which also led to severe decrease of livestock and reduced mobility. Nowadays the Kazakhs are no longer nomads.
Nevertheless since 2000 husbandry has been partially restored in Kazakhstan, stock numbers have increased, stimulating livestock mobility at least for the richest farmers and utilization of remote pastures, as far as the new conditions allow it. This panel aims to show a few examples of this reinvention of Kazakh mobile pastoralism, the reasons that favour its development and the problems it faces.
We think it could be interesting to examine this topic from various points of view and disciplines. So this panel will cross different disciplines (social anthropology and agricultural sciences) and experts from different fields and countries (Central Asia and Europe).
Carole FERRET
“Transhumance in South-Eastern Kazakhstan”
Carole Ferret has led field research in Kazakhstan since 1994. In 2012 she took part in a transhumance in the district of Raiymbek, South- Eastern Kazakhstan.
In this mountainous district, vertical nomadism takes advantage of the altitudinal variations of vegetation and climate. In the 2000’s, some local farmers took up again with transhumance, which has endured soviet times but almost disappeared in the 1990’s. Shepherds, who sometimes own livestock but are often employees, have two, three or four seasonal places from which they regularly move with herds. In summer, they pass pastoral knowledge and skill on their children which join them on zhaylau. |
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4850 |
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Vivier F, Weill , A, and the OPTIMISM consortium. |
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« The OPTIMISM project . Current status and future plans ». 10th Ny-Alesund (NySMAC) seminar, Lillestrom, Norway, 25-26 October 2011 |
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2011 |
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1015 |
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1069 |
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Carole Ferret |
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« The emergence of ecology in kindergartens of the post-Soviet Yakutia », 8th biennial European Society for Environmental History (ESEH) Conference Greening History: Studying the Environment across Disciplines, Past, Present and Future, Versailles. |
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2015 |
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6086 |
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Carole Ferret |
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« Techniques de surveillance des troupeaux de chevaux iakoutes », journées d’étude Animalités croisées, animalités partagées organisées par Frédéric Joulian et Pierre Oliver Dittmar, EHESS, Marseille |
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2015 |
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6085 |
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BERNARD E., TOLLE F., GRISELIN M., LAFFLY D. and MARLIN Ch. |
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« Snowcover Survey of an Alpine Type Glacier in High Latitude (Austre Lovénbreen, Svalbard, 79°N) », 14th Alpine Glaciology Meeting, 25-26.03.2010, Milano, Italy |
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2010 |
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Carole Ferret |
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« Rites de la petite enfance et ambivalence du statut de l'enfant chez les Iakoutes » Actes du 4e congrès du Réseau Asie & Pacifique (Paris, 14-16 septembre 2011), atelier E03 “Enfances altaïques. La fabrique des hommes en Asie intérieure” coordonné par Carole Ferret |
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2011 |
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4637 |
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Carole Ferret |
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« Pistes pour une anthropologie de l'action. Techniques pastorales en Sibérie orientale » séance partagée avec Pierre Lemonnier, Le séminaire des anthropologues: anthropologie des techniques, dirigé par Enric Porqueres I Gene, EHESS |
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2015 |
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6084 |
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Carole Ferret |
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« Obrazy dejstvij na prirodu v pozdnem i byvšem SSSR: èkstensivnoe skotovodstvo v Vostočnoj Sibiri i v Srednej Azii » [Modes d'action sur la nature dans l'URSS tardive et l'ex-URSS : l'élevage extensif en Sibérie orientale et Asie centrale] Journée d’étude du projet franco-allemand ANR-DFG Histoire environnementale du temps présent. L'Union soviétique et les États successeurs 1970-1990 (EcoGlobReg) |
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2015 |
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