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Marine Duc. (2020). “You are the Greenlandic one”. Saisir la place de la région d’origine dans la production de l’autochtonie chez les étudiant·e·s groenlandais·e·s au Danemark.
Abstract: En partant des expériences quotidiennes de minorisation rencontrées par des étudiant·e·s groenlandais·e·s au Danemark, je propose de voir comment l’imposition d’un stigmate territorial -comme sa négociation – participent à la production d’une autochtonie en tension. L’objectif de cet article est donc double. D’une part, en montrant comment les représentations de la région d’origine participent aux processus de racialisation, il s’agit de mettre en évidence la manière dont un ordre national chromatisé est performé au quotidien entre Danemark et Groenland. D’autre part, en montrant que la négociation de l’imposition du stigmate n’est pas la même selon les ressources dont disposent les individus, je soulignerai la nécessité de ne pas prendre la catégorie « peuples autochtones » comme un donné, mais au contraire, de penser l’autochtonie comme un positionnement social dynamique, qui se recompose selon les contextes, selon des logiques de race, de classe et de genre, mais également selon les trajectoires des individus.
Programme: 1213
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Andrew D Foote, Alana Alexander, Lisa T Ballance, Rochelle Constantine, Bárbara Galletti Vernazzani Muñoz, Christophe Guinet, Kelly M Robertson, Mikkel-Holger S Sinding, Mariano Sironi, Paul Tixier, John Totterdell, Jared R Towers, Rebecca Wellard, Robert L Pitman, Phillip A Morin. (2023). “Type D” killer whale genomes reveal long-term small population size and low genetic diversity (Vol. 114).
Abstract: Genome sequences can reveal the extent of inbreeding in small populations. Here, we present the first genomic characterization of type D killer whales, a distinctive eco/morphotype with a circumpolar, subantarctic distribution. Effective population size is the lowest estimated from any killer whale genome and indicates a severe population bottleneck. Consequently, type D genomes show among the highest level of inbreeding reported for any mammalian species (FROH ≥ 0.65). Detected recombination cross-over events of different haplotypes are up to an order of magnitude rarer than in other killer whale genomes studied to date. Comparison of genomic data from a museum specimen of a type D killer whale that stranded in New Zealand in 1955, with 3 modern genomes from the Cape Horn area, reveals high covariance and identity-by-state of alleles, suggesting these genomic characteristics and demographic history are shared among geographically dispersed social groups within this morphotype. Limitations to the insights gained in this study stem from the nonindependence of the 3 closely related modern genomes, the recent coalescence time of most variation within the genomes, and the nonequilibrium population history which violates the assumptions of many model-based methods. Long-range linkage disequilibrium and extensive runs of homozygosity found in type D genomes provide the potential basis for both the distinctive morphology, and the coupling of genetic barriers to gene flow with other killer whale populations.
Programme: 109
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Alexandra Lavrillier. (2020). “Spirit-Charged” Humans in Siberia: Interrelations between the Notions of the Individual (“Spirit Charge” and “Active Imprint”) and (Ritual) Action (Vol. 57).
Abstract: This paper shows how a society imagines human individuals and their power to act upon spirits both ritually and materially. Based on the author’s fieldwork (from 1994 to 2019), it analyzes the emic concept onnir, which is omnipresent in the daily activities and the past and present collective/individual rituals of Siberian Evenki and Even. Each human owns a specific fluctuating “charge made of spirits” and an “active imprint” that empowers the human to act, perform rituals, develop talents, and create. Even after death, this “imprint” affects everything and everyone a human ever touched. Onnir defines the interrelations between the individual, the spirits of his or her own “charge,” and the spirits of the universe in an “active agent”-“patient” relationship. This paper contributes to studies of the notions of the individual, “playing” as a ritual means, the acceptance/rejection of neoshamans, neorituals, and the (ritual) agency of ordinary individuals.
Programme: 1127
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Bost, C.A., Barbraud C., Delord, K., Cherel, Y., Weimerskirch, H. (2015). “Overlap of macaroni penguins with potential threats “ Workshop for the EU BEST Project: “Identifying important marine areas for macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus in the UK and French OTs”, 21 Juillet 2015, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, Grande Bretagne..
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Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly, Angela K. Gore, Charles E. Holmes, Kelly E. Graf, Ted Goebel. (2020). “Knapping, My Child, is Made of Errors”: Apprentice Knappers at Swan Point and Little Panguingue Creek, Two Prehistoric Sites in Central Alaska (Vol. 46).
Abstract: In Beringia, as in many other parts of the world, stone tools are the main diagnostic cultural artifact for understanding prehistoric societies. The analysis of lithic assemblages is the basis for establishing connections between sites and techno-complexes. Through highlighting major technological trends, archaeologists are able to interpret processes such as cultural continuity and migrations. Here we present a fine-grained analysis of two assemblages to perceive in detail the individuals behind the lithic productions, more specifically apprentice knappers. Although recognition of apprenticeship in a prehistoric context is not new, this is the first such study for Alaska and Beringia. We focus on two distinct assemblages with microblade technology: the late Pleistocene component of Swan Point CZ4b (Tanana valley) and the early Holocene component of Little Panguingue Creek C2 (Nenana valley), both in central Alaska.
Keywords: Alaska apprenticeship lithic technology microblade prehistory
Programme: 1217
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Gilg, O., Giroux, M.-A., Bêty, J., Lecomte, N., Schmidt, N.M. (2018). “Interactions Working Group”: A circumpolar initiative to measure and predict the cascading impacts of “Indirect Trophic Interactions”. Arctic Biodiversity Congress, 9-11 October 2018, Rovaniemi, Finland. CAF.
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Carole Ferret. (2010). “Ils ne vont pas comprendre…” Réduction, affinage et scories de la vulgarisation .
Abstract: colloque La restitution anthropologique : comment et pour qui ? organisé par l’équipe Anthropologie de la perception du Laboratoire d’anthropologie sociale (Musée du quai Branly, Paris).
Programme: 1057
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Sophie M. Dupont, Christophe Barbraud, Olivier Chastel, Karine Delord, Charline Parenteau, Colette Trouvé, Frédéric Angelier. (2021). “Home alone!” influence of nest parental attendance on offspring behavioral and hormonal stress responses in an Antarctic seabird, the snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) (Vol. 131).
Abstract: In altricial species, parents brood their chicks constantly before leaving them unattended sometimes for extended periods when they become thermally independent. During this second phase, there is sometimes important inter-individual differences in parental attendance and the fitness costs and benefits of parental strategies have previously been extensively investigated. However, the impact of parental presence on offspring behaviors and stress physiology has been overlooked. Here, we examined the influence of parental presence on offspring hormonal and behavioral stress sensitivities in snow petrel chicks. We demonstrated for the first time in a wild bird species that attended chicks had lower stress-induced corticosterone levels and a lower probability to show defensive behavior compared to the alone chicks. This reduced stress sensitivity is certainly explained by the well-known link between corticosterone and nutritional status, and by the recent delivery of meals to the attended chicks and the improvement of their nutritional status. It may also be explained by the parental protection against predators or inclement weather, or/and by the psychosocial comfort of parental presence for the offspring. Overall, these results suggest that the presence of a parent in the nest reduces offspring stress sensitivity in wild birds. Further studies would now be required to disentangle the impact of nutritional status and parental presence on stress sensitivity and to better understand the potential impact of parental presence and circulating corticosterone levels on growth and cognitive development in wild birds.
Keywords: Corticosterone stress response Defensive behavior Offspring stress sensitivity Parental presence
Programme: 109
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GRISELIN M., LAFFLY D., BERNARD E., Florian TOLLE F., MARLIN Ch., FRIEDT J.M. , DELANGLE E., SCHAWMBORN G., 2010 . (2010). “2D and 3D Variations of an Arctic Glacier to Recent Climate Change since Forty Years (Austre Lovénbreen, Svalbard, 79°N)”, IPY Oslo Science Conference 2010, 8-12 June 2010, Oslo, Norway..
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Stier A., Viblanc V., Kauffmann M., Pardonnet S., Gineste B., Robin Jp. & Bize P. (2023). ‘Ticks in paradise’ : effets de l’éradication des ectoparasites chez le manchot royal durant la reproduction à terre.
Abstract: Les milieux polaires et subpolaires ne sont pas dépourvus de parasites. Chez les manchots royaux, les ectoparasites tels que les tiques (Ixodes uriae) sont suspectés d’avoir des effets marqués sur la santé et le succès reproducteur des adultes. En utilisant un traitement expérimental réduisant drastiquement l’abondance d’ectoparasites chez des adultes reproducteurs, nous avons pu démontrer que l’infestation par les ectoparasites induit une augmentation du stress physiologique caractérisé par des taux élevés de corticostérone (glucocorticoïde) et une situation de stress oxydant. Bien que l’éradication des ectoparasites n’ait pas d’influence notable sur le succès d’éclosion des œufs ou la survie des poussins durant l’élevage, le traitement améliore visiblement la croissance des poussins jusqu’à l’émancipation, avec des effets positifs probables sur leur survie future. Il semble donc que les ectoparasites exercent une pression de sélection naturelle non-négligeable chez le manchot royal.
Programme: 119
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