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Sophie M. Dupont, Christophe Barbraud, Olivier Chastel, Karine Delord, Charline Parenteau, Colette Trouvé, Frédéric Angelier |
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Title  |
“Home alone!” influence of nest parental attendance on offspring behavioral and hormonal stress responses in an Antarctic seabird, the snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
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Volume |
131 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104962 |
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Keywords |
Corticosterone stress response Defensive behavior Offspring stress sensitivity Parental presence |
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Abstract |
In altricial species, parents brood their chicks constantly before leaving them unattended sometimes for extended periods when they become thermally independent. During this second phase, there is sometimes important inter-individual differences in parental attendance and the fitness costs and benefits of parental strategies have previously been extensively investigated. However, the impact of parental presence on offspring behaviors and stress physiology has been overlooked. Here, we examined the influence of parental presence on offspring hormonal and behavioral stress sensitivities in snow petrel chicks. We demonstrated for the first time in a wild bird species that attended chicks had lower stress-induced corticosterone levels and a lower probability to show defensive behavior compared to the alone chicks. This reduced stress sensitivity is certainly explained by the well-known link between corticosterone and nutritional status, and by the recent delivery of meals to the attended chicks and the improvement of their nutritional status. It may also be explained by the parental protection against predators or inclement weather, or/and by the psychosocial comfort of parental presence for the offspring. Overall, these results suggest that the presence of a parent in the nest reduces offspring stress sensitivity in wild birds. Further studies would now be required to disentangle the impact of nutritional status and parental presence on stress sensitivity and to better understand the potential impact of parental presence and circulating corticosterone levels on growth and cognitive development in wild birds. |
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0018-506X |
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yes |
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7941 |
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Per Fauchald, Arnaud Tarroux, Françoise Amélineau, Vegard Sandøy Bråthen, Sébastien Descamps, Morten Ekker, Halfdan Helgi Helgason, Malin Kjellstadli Johansen, Benjamin Merkel, Børge Moe, Jens Åström, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, Oskar Bjørnstad, Olivier Chastel, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jóhannis Danielsen, Francis Daunt, Nina Dehnhard, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Alexey Ezhov, Maria Gavrilo, Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson, Erpur Snær Hansen, Mike Harris, Morten Helberg, Jón Einar Jónsson, Yann Kolbeinsson, Yuri Krasnov, Magdalene Langset, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Erlend Lorentzen, Mark Newell, Bergur Olsen, Tone Kristin Reiertsen, Geir Helge Systad, Paul Thompson, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Sarah Wanless, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Hallvard Strøm |
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Title |
Year-round distribution of Northeast Atlantic seabird populations: applications for population management and marine spatial planning |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
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Pages |
255-276 |
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Keywords |
Alle alle Fratercula arctica Fulmarus glacialis Marine spatial planning Rissa tridactyla SEATRACK Uria aalge Uria lomvia |
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Abstract |
Tracking data of marine predators are increasingly used in marine spatial management. We developed a spatial data set with estimates of the monthly distribution of 6 pelagic seabird species breeding in the Northeast Atlantic. The data set was based on year-round global location sensor (GLS) tracking data of 2356 adult seabirds from 2006-2019 from a network of seabird colonies, data describing the physical environment and data on seabird population sizes. Tracking and environmental data were combined in monthly species distribution models (SDMs). Cross-validations were used to assess the transferability of models between years and breeding locations. The analyses showed that birds from colonies close to each other (<500 km apart) used the same nonbreeding habitats, while birds from distant colonies (>1000 km) used colony-specific and, in many cases, non-overlapping habitats. Based on these results, the SDM from the nearest model colony was used to predict the distribution of all seabird colonies lying within a species-specific cut-off distance (400-500 km). Uncertainties in the predictions were estimated by cluster bootstrap sampling. The resulting data set consisted of 4692 map layers, each layer predicting the densities of birds from a given species, colony and month across the North Atlantic. This data set represents the annual distribution of 23.5 million adult pelagic seabirds, or 87% of the Northeast Atlantic breeding population of the study species. We show how the data set can be used in population and spatial management applications, including the detection of population-specific nonbreeding habitats and identifying populations influenced by marine protected areas. |
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330 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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8425 |
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Mathieu Casado, Amaelle Landais, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Giuliano Dreossi, Barbara Stenni, Frederic Prié |
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Title |
Water Isotopic Signature of Surface Snow Metamorphism in Antarctica |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
e2021GL093382 |
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Keywords |
excess Ice cores metamorhism Paleoclimate water isotopes |
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Abstract |
Water isotope ratios of ice cores are a key source of information on past temperatures. Through fractionation within the hydrological cycle, temperature is imprinted in the water isotopic composition of snowfalls. However, this signal of climatic interest is modified after deposition when snow remains at the surface exposed to the atmosphere. Comparing time series of surface snow isotopic composition at Dome C with satellite observations of surface snow metamorphism, we found that long summer periods without precipitation favor surface snow metamorphism altering the surface snow isotopic composition. Using excess parameters (combining D,17O, and 18O fractions) allow the identification of this alteration caused by sublimation and condensation of surface hoar. The combined measurement of all three isotopic compositions could help identifying ice core sections influenced by snow metamorphism in sites with very low snow accumulation. |
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1110 |
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1944-8007 |
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yes |
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8306 |
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N. Ribeiro, L. Herraiz-Borreguero, S. R. Rintoul, C. R. McMahon, M. Hindell, R. Harcourt, G. Williams |
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Title |
Warm Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions Drive Ice Shelf Melt and Inhibit Dense Shelf Water Formation in Vincennes Bay, East Antarctica |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e2020JC016998 |
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Keywords |
AABW Antarctic Coastal Circulation Antarctic Margins basal melt mCDW intrusions seal CTD |
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Abstract |
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) production supplies the deep limb of the global overturning circulation and ventilates the deep ocean. While the Weddell and Ross Seas are recognized as key sites for AABW production, additional sources have been discovered in coastal polynya regions around East Antarctica, most recently at Vincennes Bay. Vincennes Bay, despite encompassing two distinct polynya regions, is considered the weakest source, producing Dense Shelf Water (DSW) only just dense enough to contribute to the lighter density classes of AABW found offshore. Here we provide the first detailed oceanographic observations of the continental shelf in Vincennes Bay (104-111°E), using CTD data from instrumented elephant seals spanning from February to November of 2012. We find that Vincennes Bay has East Antarctica’s warmest recorded intrusions of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) and that warm mCDW drives basal melt under Vanderford and Underwood ice shelves. Our study also provides the first direct observational evidence for the inflow of meltwater to this region, which increases stratification and hinders DSW formation, and thus AABW production. The Vincennes Bay glaciers, together with the Totten Glacier, drain part of the Aurora Basin, which holds up to 7 m of sea level rise equivalent. Our results highlight the vulnerability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to intrusions of mCDW. |
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109 |
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2169-9291 |
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8211 |
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Christopher Burot, Rémi Amiraux, Patricia Bonin, Sophie Guasco, Marcel Babin, Fabien Joux, Dominique Marie, Laure Vilgrain, Hermann J. Heipieper, Jean-François Rontani |
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Title |
Viability and stress state of bacteria associated with primary production or zooplankton-derived suspended particulate matter in summer along a transect in Baffin Bay (Arctic Ocean) |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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770 |
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Pages |
145252 |
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Keywords |
Bacterial viability EPS isomerase Micro- and macro-zooplankton Salinity stress Sea ice algae |
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Abstract |
In the framework of the GreenEdge Project (whose the general objective is to understand the dynamic of the phytoplankton spring bloom in Arctic Ocean), lipid composition and viability and stress state of bacteria were monitored in sea ice and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected in 2016 along a transect from sea ice to open water in Baffin Bay (Arctic Ocean). Lipid analyses confirmed the dominance of diatoms in the bottommost layer of ice and suggested (i) the presence of a strong proportion of micro-zooplankton in SPM samples collected at the western ice covered St 403 and St 409 and (ii) a high proportion of macro-zooplankton (copepods) in SPM samples collected at the eastern ice covered St 413 and open water St 418. The use of the propidium monoazide (PMA) method allowed to show a high bacterial mortality in sea ice and in SPM material collected in shallower waters at St 409 and St 418. This mortality was attributed to the release of bactericidal free fatty acids by sympagic diatoms under the effect of light stress. A strong cis-trans isomerization of bacterial MUFAs was observed in the deeper SPM samples collected at the St 403 and St 409. It was attributed to the ingestion of bacteria stressed by salinity in brine channels of ice by sympagic bacterivorous microzooplankton (ciliates) incorporating trans fatty acids of their preys before to be released in the water column during melting. The high trans/cis ratios also observed in SPM samples collected in the shallower waters at St 413 and St 418 suggest the presence of positively or neutrally buoyant extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-rich particles retained in sea ice and discharged (with bacteria stressed by salinity) in seawater after the initial release of algal biomass. Such EPS particles, which are generally considered as ideal vectors for bacterial horizontal distribution in the Arctic, appeared to contain a high proportion of dead and non-growing bacteria. |
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1164 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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8253 |
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Le Moan E |
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Title |
Utilisation de modèles mixtes pour décrire la réponse de l’oursin spatangue Abatus cordatus (Verrill, 1876), espèce endémique des Kerguelen, aux changements environnementaux |
Type |
Master 1 |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Master 1 Sciences de la Mer, Sorbonne Universités |
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15 pp |
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1044 |
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yes |
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8069 |
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Jacques Labonne, Aurélie Manicki, Louise Chevalier, Marin Tétillon, François Guéraud, Andrew P. Hendry |
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Title |
Using Reciprocal Transplants to Assess Local Adaptation, Genetic Rescue, and Sexual Selection in Newly Established Populations |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Genes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
5 |
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Keywords |
gene flow genetic rescue local adaptation mating success small population |
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Abstract |
Small populations establishing on colonization fronts have to adapt to novel environments with limited genetic variation. The pace at which they can adapt, and the influence of genetic variation on their success, are key questions for understanding intraspecific diversity. To investigate these topics, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment between two recently founded populations of brown trout in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. Using individual tagging and genetic assignment methods, we tracked the fitness of local and foreign individuals, as well as the fitness of their offspring over two generations. In both populations, although not to the same extent, gene flow occurred between local and foreign gene pools. In both cases, however, we failed to detect obvious footprints of local adaptation (which should limit gene flow) and only weak support for genetic rescue (which should enhance gene flow). In the population where gene flow from foreign individuals was low, no clear differences were observed between the fitness of local, foreign, and F1 hybrid individuals. In the population where gene flow was high, foreign individuals were successful due to high mating success rather than high survival, and F1 hybrids had the same fitness as pure local offspring. These results suggest the importance of considering sexual selection, rather than just local adaptation and genetic rescue, when evaluating the determinants of success in small and recently founded populations. |
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1041 |
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yes |
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8179 |
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Author |
Pauline Goulet, Yan Roper-Coudert, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Using on-animal sensors to study the Ocean and its inhabitants |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
1ère édition des Journées Drones et Capteurs Embarqués, 28-30 septembre 2023, La Vieille Perrotine, Ile d'Oléron, France |
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Keywords |
Animal Distribution Bio-logger Bio-logging Drones & Cap' |
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Abstract |
Bio-logging is a methodological approach in which miniature data recording devices are temporarily attached to free-ranging animals to monitor their movement, behaviour and physiology, as well as the physical parameters of the environment directly surrounding the animals, turning them into bio-plateformes. Unsurprisingly bio-logging emerged from marine and polar studies where the monitoring of individuals in these harsh and remote places cannot be done using traditional approaches. Miniaturization and technological advances has meant that the range of species that can be instrumented, as well as the diversity of the questions that can be sought through bio-logging, are expanding fast. New sensors are constantly being developed, pushing further the limits of this field. Instrumented animals deliver information not only on their activities but also on the physical characteristics of the environments they go through. For instance, over the last two decades, loggers attached to deep diving seals have supplemented physical oceanographic measurements with hydrographic profiles from CTD loggers but also with new series of biological measurements. For examples, fluorescence and light sensors provided information on the concentration of phytoplankton in the euphotic layer; miniature echo sounders together with high sensitivity and fast responding light sensor to detect bioluminescence, brought considerable progress in detecting small size particles (>1-2 mm) such as marine snow, zooplankton, but also fish and squids and estimate their abundance. |
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1201 |
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yes |
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8739 |
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A. Baranov, R. Tenzer, A. Morelli |
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Title |
Updated Antarctic crustal model |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Gondwana Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-18 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Crustal structure Gondwana Sediments |
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Abstract |
We use seismic data together with a subglacial bedrock relief from the BEDMAP2 database to obtain a new three-layer model of the consolidated (crystalline) crust of Antarctica that locally improves the global seismic crustal model CRUST1.0. We collect suitable data for constructing crustal layers, analyse them and build maps of the crustal layer thickness and seismic velocities. We use the subglacial relief according to a tectonic configuration and then interpolate data using a statistical kriging method. The P-wave velocity information from old seismic profiles have been supplemented with the new shear-wave velocity models. We adjust the thickness of crustal layers by multiplying a total crustal thickness by a percentage ratio of each individual layer at each point. Our results reveal large variations in seismic velocities between different crustal blocks forming Antarctica. The most pronounced differences exist between East and West Antarctica. In East Antarctica, a high P-wave velocity (vP > 7 km/s) layer in the lower crust is absent. The P-wave velocity in the lower crust changes from 6.1 km/s beneath the Lambert Rift to 6.9 km/s beneath the Wilkes Basin. In West Antarctica, a thick mafic lower crust is characterized by large P-wave velocities, ranging from 7.0 km/s under the Ross Sea to 7.3 km/s under the Byrd Basin. In contrast, velocities in the lower crust beneath the Transantarctic and Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains are ~6.8 km/s. The P-wave velocities in the upper crust in East Antarctica are within the range 5.5–6.4 km/s. The upper crust of West Antarctica is characterized by the P-wave velocities of 5.6–6.3 km/s. The P-wave velocities in the middle crust vary within 5.9–6.6 km/s in East Antarctica and within 6.3–6.5 km/s in West Antarctica. A low-velocity layer (5.8–5.9 km/s) is detected at depth of ~20–25 km beneath the Princes Elizabeth Land. |
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133 |
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1342-937X |
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yes |
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Serial |
7994 |
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Author |
Daniel C. Jones, Filipe R. Ceia, Eugene Murphy, Karine Delord, Robert W. Furness, Ariane Verdy, Matthew Mazloff, Richard A. Phillips, Paul M. Sagar, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Ben Schreiber, David R. Thompson, Leigh G. Torres, Philip J. Underwood, Henri Weimerskirch, José C. Xavier |
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Title |
Untangling local and remote influences in two major petrel habitats in the oligotrophic Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
5773-5785 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) biogeography conservation grey petrels high seas hotspot open ocean primary productivity Procellaria cinerea seabirds |
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Abstract |
Ocean circulation connects geographically distinct ecosystems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales via exchanges of physical and biogeochemical properties. Remote oceanographic processes can be especially important for ecosystems in the Southern Ocean, where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transports properties across ocean basins through both advection and mixing. Recent tracking studies have indicated the existence of two large-scale, open ocean habitats in the Southern Ocean used by grey petrels (Procellaria cinerea) from two populations (i.e., Kerguelen and Antipodes islands) during their nonbreeding season for extended periods during austral summer (i.e., October to February). In this work, we use a novel combination of large-scale oceanographic observations, surface drifter data, satellite-derived primary productivity, numerical adjoint sensitivity experiments, and output from a biogeochemical state estimate to examine local and remote influences on these grey petrel habitats. Our aim is to understand the oceanographic features that control these isolated foraging areas and to evaluate their ecological value as oligotrophic open ocean habitats. We estimate the minimum local primary productivity required to support these populations to be much <1% of the estimated local primary productivity. The region in the southeast Indian Ocean used by the birds from Kerguelen is connected by circulation to the productive Kerguelen shelf. In contrast, the region in the south-central Pacific Ocean used by seabirds from the Antipodes is relatively isolated suggesting it is more influenced by local factors or the cumulative effects of many seasonal cycles. This work exemplifies the potential use of predator distributions and oceanographic data to highlight areas of the open ocean that may be more dynamic and productive than previously thought. Our results highlight the need to consider advective connections between ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and to re-evaluate the ecological relevance of oligotrophic Southern Ocean regions from a conservation perspective. |
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8258 |
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