| Records |
| Author |
Lucie Bazin, Amaelle Landais, Emilie Capron, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Catherine Ritz, Ghislain Picard, Jean Jouzel, Marie Dumont, Markus Leuenberger, and Frédéric Prié |
Title  |
Phase relationships between orbital forcing and the composition of air trapped in Antarctic ice cores |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Climate of the past |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
729-748 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Abstract. Orbital tuning is central for ice core chronologies beyond annual layer counting, available back to 60 ka (i.e. thousands of years before 1950) for Greenland ice cores. While several complementary orbital tuning tools have recently been developed using δ18Oatm, δO2⁄N2 and air content with different orbital targets, quantifying their uncertainties remains a challenge. Indeed, the exact processes linking variations of these parameters, measured in the air trapped in ice, to their orbital targets are not yet fully understood. Here, we provide new series of δO2∕N2 and δ18Oatm data encompassing Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 5 (between 100 and 160 ka) and the oldest part (340–800 ka) of the East Antarctic EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core. For the first time, the measurements over MIS 5 allow an inter-comparison of δO2∕N2 and δ18Oatm records from three East Antarctic ice core sites (EDC, Vostok and Dome F). This comparison highlights some site-specific δO2∕N2 variations. Such an observation, the evidence of a 100 ka periodicity in the δO2∕N2 signal and the difficulty to identify extrema and mid-slopes in δO2∕N2 increase the uncertainty associated with the use of δO2∕N2 as an orbital tuning tool, now calculated to be 3–4 ka. When combining records of δ18Oatm and δO2∕N2 from Vostok and EDC, we find a loss of orbital signature for these two parameters during periods of minimum eccentricity (∼ 400 ka, ∼ 720–800 ka). Our data set reveals a time-varying offset between δO2∕N2 and δ18Oatm records over the last 800 ka that we interpret as variations in the lagged response of δ18Oatm to precession. The largest offsets are identified during Terminations II, MIS 8 and MIS 16, corresponding to periods of destabilization of the Northern polar ice sheets. We therefore suggest that the occurrence of Heinrich–like events influences the response of δ18Oatm to precession. |
| Programme |
902 |
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| ISSN |
1814-9324 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6525 |
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| Author |
Fort, J. |
| Title |
Pollution et impacts sur les écosystèmes |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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| Abstract |
In: Le Groenland - Climat, Ecologie, Société (Editeurs: Masson-Delmotte, V., Gauthier, E., Grémillet, D., Huctin, JM, Swingedouw, D.). Editions du CNRS |
| Programme |
388 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6523 |
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| Author |
Camille Moreau, Thomas Saucède, Quentin Jossart, Antonio Agüera, Arnaud Brayard & Bruno Danis |
| Title |
Reproductive strategy as a piece of the biogeographic puzzle: a case study using Antarctic sea stars (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Biogeogr. |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
848-860 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Aim To describe and analyse asteroid biogeographic patterns in the Southern Ocean (SO) and test whether reproductive strategy (brooder versus broadcaster) can explain distribution patterns at the scale of the entire class. We hypothesize that brooding and broadcasting species display different biogeographic patterns. Location Southern Ocean, south of 45 °S. Methods Over 14,000 asteroid occurrences are analysed using bootstrapped spanning network (BSN), non-metrical multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and clustering to uncover the spatial structure of faunal similarities among 25 bioregions. Results Main biogeographic patterns are congruent with previous works based on other taxa and highlight the isolation of New Zealand, the high richness in the Scotia Arc area particularly of brooding species, an East/West Antarctic differentiation, and the faunal affinities between South America and sub-Antarctic Islands. Asteroids show lower endemism levels than previously reported with 29% of species occurring in Antarctica only. In particular, asteroids from Tierra del Fuego showed affinities with those of West Antarctica at the species level, suggesting a recent mixing of assemblages. Biogeographic patterns are highly linked to reproductive strategy. Patterns also differ according to the taxonomic level, revealing the underlying role of historical factors. Main conclusions Patterns of sea star biogeography are consistent with results obtained for other marine groups and are strongly linked to reproductive strategy. |
| Programme |
1044 |
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| ISSN |
0305-0270 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6547 |
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| Author |
Vivier, F, J Hutchings, Y Kawaguchi, T Kikuchi, J Morison, A Lourenço, T Noguchi |
| Title |
Sea-ice melt onset associated with lead opening during the spring/summer transition near the North Pole |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-oceans |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
| Volume |
121 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
2499-2522 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
In the central Arctic Ocean, autonomous observations of the ocean mixed layer and ice documented the transition from cold spring to early summer in 2011. Ice-motion measurements using GPS drifters captured three events of lead opening and ice ridge formation in May and June. Satellite sea ice concentration observations suggest that locally observed lead openings were part of a larger-scale pattern. We clarify how these ice deformation events are linked with the onset of basal sea ice melt, which preceded surface melt by 20 days. Observed basal melt and ocean warming are consistent with the available input of solar radiation into leads, once the advent of mild atmospheric conditions prevents lead refreezing. We use a one-dimensional numerical simulation incorporating a Local Turbulence Closure scheme to investigate the mechanisms controlling basal melt and upper ocean warming. According to the simulation, a combination of rapid ice motion and increased solar energy input at leads promotes basal ice melt, through enhanced mixing in the upper mixed layer, while slow ice motion during a large lead opening in mid-June produced a thin, low-density surface layer. This enhanced stratification near the surface facilitates storage of solar radiation within the thin layer, instead of exchange with deeper layers, leading to further basal ice melt preceding the upper surface melt. |
| Programme |
1015 |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6552 |
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| Author |
Testut, L., V. Duvat, V. Ballu, R. M. S. Fernandes, F. Pouget, C. Salmon, and J. Dyment |
| Title |
Shoreline changes in a rising sea level context: The example of Grande Glorieuse, Scattered Islands, Western Indian Ocean.ACTA OECOLOGICA : ISSN 1146609X |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Acta oecologica |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
72 |
Issue |
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Pages |
110-119 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
This paper provides baseline data on absolute and relative sea level variations and shoreline changes in the Scattered Islands region of the Indian Ocean, based on aerial image analysis, satellite altimetry and field observations and in situ measurements from the 2009 and 2011 TAAF scientific expeditions. The analysis shows the importance of regular observations and monitoring of these islands to better understand reef island responses to climate stressors. We show that Grande Glorieuse Island has increased in area by 7.5 ha between 1989 and 2003, predominantly as a result of shoreline accretion: accretion occurred over 47% of shoreline length, whereas 26% was stable and 28% was eroded. Topographic transects and field observations show that the accretion is due to sediment transfer from the reef outer slopes to the reef flat and then to the beach. This accretion occurred in a context of sea level rise: sea level has risen by about 6 cm in the last twenty years and the island height is probably stable or very slowly subsiding. This island expansion during a period of rising sea level demonstrates that sea level rise is not the primary factor controlling the shoreline changes. This paper highlights the key role of non-climate factors in changes in island area, especially sediment availability and transport. We also evidence rotation of the island, underscoring the highly dynamic nature of reef islands. |
| Programme |
688 |
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| ISSN |
1146-609X |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6538 |
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| Author |
McCoy, K.D. & Chevillon, C. |
| Title |
Structuration des populations et adaptation des tiques : implications en épidémiologie. Chapitre 4. In Tiques et maladies à tiques : Biologie, écologie évolutive, épidémiologie. pp 113-140. IRD Editions. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1151 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6529 |
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| Author |
Wheeler, H. C., Berteaux, D., Furgal, C., Parlee, B., Yoccoz, N.G., Grémillet, D. |
| Title |
Stakeholder perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in a rapidly changing Arctic |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Frontiers in ecology and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Ecol. Evol. |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
Monitoring activities provide a core contribution to wildlife conservation in the Arctic. Effective monitoring which allows changes in population status to be detected early, provides opportunities to mitigate pressures driving declines. Monitoring triage involves decisions about how and where to prioritise activities in species and ecosystem based monitoring. In particular, monitoring triage examines whether to divert resources away from species where there is high likelihood of extinction in the near-future in favour of species where monitoring activities may produce greater conservation benefits. As a place facing both rapid change with a high likelihood of population extinctions, and serious logistic and financial challenges for field data acquisition, the Arctic provides a good context in which to examine attitudes toward triage in monitoring. For effective decision-making to emerge from monitoring, multiple stakeholders must be involved in defining aims and priorities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in arctic wildlife monitoring (either contributing to observation and recording of wildlife, using information from wildlife observation and recording, or using wildlife as a resource) to elicit their perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in the Arctic. The majority (56%) of our 23 participants were predominantly in opposition to triage, 26% were in support of triage and 17% were undecided. Representatives of Indigenous organisations were more likely to be opposed to triage than scientists and those involved in decision-making showed greatest support for triage amongst the scientist participants. Responses to the concept of triage included that: 1) The species-focussed approach associated with triage did not match their more systems-based view (5 participants), 2) Important information is generated through monitoring threatened species which advances understanding of the drivers of change, responses and ecosystem consequences (5 participants), 3) There is an obligation to try to monitor and conserve threatened species (4 participants), and 4) Monitoring needs to address local people’s needs which may be overlooked under triage (3 participants). The complexity of decision-making to create monitoring programmes that maximise benefits to biodiversity and people makes prioritisation with simple models difficult. Using scenarios to identify desirable trajectories of Arctic stewardship may be an effective means of identifying monitoring needs. |
| Programme |
388 |
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| ISSN |
2296-701X |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6566 |
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| Author |
Zvénigorosky V., Crubézy E. , Gibert M. , Thèves C., Hollard C., Gonzalez A., Fedorova S. Alexeeve A. , Bravinae R. , Ludes B., Keyser C |
| Title |
The genetics of kinship in remote human groups. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Forensic science international-genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Forensic Sci Int Genet |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
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Pages |
52-62 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
For fifteen years, part of the work of our research team has been focused on the study of parental links between individuals living hundreds or thousands of years ago, whose remains have been found in single graves or large funerary complexes. These studies have been undertaken using methods developed by forensic genetics to identify individuals, mainly based on the genotyping of autosomal STR (Short Tandem Repeats). Issues arose from this work, namely the limits of studying small numbers of subjects, originating from groups of finite sizes where kinships cannot be inferred a priori and for which reference allelic frequencies do not exist. Although ideal human populations are rare when undertaking such studies, the Yakuts of Eastern Siberia constitute a very advantageous model, with large numbers of small pastoral communities and well-preserved archaeological material. The study of kinship in the ancient Yakuts allowed us to highlight the difficulties in analysing genetic data from small ancient human groups and to develop a strategy to improve the accuracy of statistical computations. This work describes this strategy and possible solutions to the study of populations outside of the frame of reference of global meta-populations, due either to isolation, remoteness or antiquity. |
| Programme |
1038 |
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| ISSN |
1872-4973 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6530 |
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| Author |
Ouisse T., Bonte D., Lebouvier M., Hendrickx F., Renault D. |
| Title |
The importance of relative humidity and trophic resources in governing ecological niche of the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus in the Kerguelen archipelago |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of insect physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
0022-1910 |
| Volume |
93-94 |
Issue |
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Pages |
42-49 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Comprehensive studies to identify species-specific drivers of survival to environmental stress, reproduction, growth, and recruitment are vital to gaining a better understanding of the main ecological factors shaping species habitat distribution and dispersal routes. The present study performed a field-based assessment of habitat distribution in the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus for the Kerguelen archipelago. The results emphasised humid habitats as a key element of the insect’s realised niche. In addition, insects faced food and water stress during dispersal events. We evaluated quantitatively how water availability and trophic resources governed the spatial distribution of this invasive predatory insect at Îles Kerguelen. Food and water stress survival durations [in 100%, 70%, and 30% relative humidity (RH) conditions] and changes in a set of primary metabolic compounds (metabolomics) were determined. Adult M. soledadinus supplied with water ad libitum were highly tolerant to prolonged starvation (LT50 = 51.7 ± 6.2 d). However, food-deprived insect survival decreased rapidly in moderate (70% RH, LT50 = 30.37 ± 1.39 h) and low (30% RH, LT50 = 13.03 ± 0.48 h) RH conditions. Consistently, body water content decreased rapidly in insects exposed to 70% and 30% RH. Metabolic variation evidenced the effects of food deprivation in control insects (exposed to 100% RH), which exhibited a progressive decline of most glycolytic sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Most metabolite levels were elevated levels during the first few hours of exposure to 30% and 70% RH. Augmented alanine and lactate levels suggested a shift to anaerobic metabolism. Simultaneously, peaks in threonine and glycolytic sugars pointed to metabolic disruption and a progressive physiological breakdown in dehydrating individuals. Overall, the results of our study indicate that the geographic distribution of M. soledadinus populations is highly dependent on habitat RH and water accessibility. |
| Programme |
136 |
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| ISSN |
0022-1910 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6512 |
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| Author |
J. Lilensten, M. Barthélemy, G. Besson, H. Lamy, M.G. Johnsen, J. Moen |
| Title |
The thermospheric auroral red line Angle of Linear Polarisation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-space physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
| Volume |
121 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2016JA022941 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The auroral red line at 630 nm is linearly polarized. Up to now, only its Degree of LinearPolarization had been studied. In this article, we examine for the first time the Angle of Linear Polarization(AoLP) and we compare the measurements to the apparent angle of the magnetic field at the location ofthe red line emission. We show that the AoLP is a tracer of the magnetic field configuration. This opens newperspectives, both in the frame of space weather and in the field of planetology. |
| Programme |
1026 |
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| ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6541 |
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