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Tanimoto Toshiro, Ji Chen, Igarashi Mitsutsugu, . (2012). An approach to detect afterslips in giant earthquakes in the normal-mode frequency band
. Geophysical Journal International , 190 (2 ), 1097–1110 .
Abstract: An approach to detect afterslips in the source process of giant earthquakes is presented in the normal-mode frequency band (0.32.0mHz). The method is designed to avoid a potential systematic bias problem in the determination of earthquake moment by a typical normal-mode approach. The source of bias is the uncertainties in Q (modal attenuation parameter) which varies by up to about ±10per cent among published studies. A choice of Q values within this range affects amplitudes in synthetic seismograms significantly if a long time-series of about 57 d is used for analysis. We present an alternative time-domain approach that can reduce this problem by focusing on a shorter time span with a length of about 1 d. Application of this technique to four recent giant earthquakes is presented: (1) the Tohoku, Japan, earthquake of 2011 March 11, (2) the 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake, (3) the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and (4) the Solomon earthquake of 2007 April 1. The Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT) solution for the Tohoku earthquake explains the normal-mode frequency band quite well. The analysis for the 2010 Chile earthquake indicates that the moment is about 710per cent higher than the moment determined by its GCMT solution but further analysis shows that there is little evidence of afterslip; the deviation in moment can be explained by an increase of the dip angle from 18° in the GCMT solution to 19°. This may be a simple trade-off problem between the moment and dip angle but it may also be due to a deeper centroid in the normal-mode frequency band data, as a deeper source could have steeper dip angle due to changes in geometry of the Benioff zone. For the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, the five point-source solution by Tsai et al. explains most of the signals but a sixth point-source with long duration improves the fit to the normal-mode frequency band data. The 2007 Solomon earthquake shows that the high-frequency part of our analysis (above 1mHz) is compatible with the GCMT solution but the low-frequency part requires afterslip to explain the increasing amplitude ratios towards lower frequency. The required slip has the moment about 19per cent of the GCMT solution and the rise time of 260s. The total moment of these earthquakes are 5.31 × 1022 Nm (Tohoku), (1.861.96) × 1022 Nm (Chile), 1.33 × 1023 Nm (Sumatra) and 1.86 × 1021 Nm (Solomon). The moment magnitudes are 9.08, 8.788.79, 9.35 and 8.11, respectively, using Kanamori's original formula between the moment and the moment magnitude. However, the trade-off problem between the moment and dip angle can modify these estimates for moment up to about 4050per cent and the corresponding magnitude ±0.1.
Programme: 133
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Lavrillier, A., Gabyshev S. (2017). An Arctic Indigenous Knowledge System of Landscape, Climate, and Humans interactions. Evenki Reindeer Herders and Hunters.
Abstract: Co-written by an anthropologist and a reindeer herder (BRISK project co-researcher) on the basis of their field materials, this book offers documentation and analysis of complex traditional environmental knowledge. After discussing the methodology of the Evenki community-based transdisciplinary observatory for monitoring climate and environmental changes with herders (2012-2016), the book reveals some of the results of this co-production. It presents the emic typologies and concepts the Evenki use for understanding norms and anomalies, observing and predicting changes, and adaptating. Conceived together with the herders, the book's structure combines analytical texts (traditional in anthropology) and other forms of presentation, such as abstract diagrams with explanations in Evenki, Russian, and English, diagrams on pictures, and encyclopaedic entries with pictures and trilingual explanations from the herders.
Programme: 1127
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Simon Véron, Carlos Rodrigues-Vaz, Elise Lebreton, Claudine Ah-Peng, Vincent Boullet, Hervé Chevillotte, Stephan Robbert Gradstein, Joël Jérémie, Elisabeth Lavocat Bernard, Marc Lebouvier, Jean-Yves Meyer, Jérôme Munzinger, Odile Poncy, Louis Thouvenot, Guillaume Viscardi, Guillaume Léotard, Olivier Gargominy, Sébastien Leblond, Marc Pignal, Germinal Rouhan, Sandrine Tercerie, Vanessa Invernon, Serge Muller. (2021). An assessment of the endemic spermatophytes, pteridophytes and bryophytes of the French Overseas Territories: towards a better conservation outlook (Vol. 30).
Abstract: A broad range of climatic and biogeographical conditions are represented in the French Overseas Territories, from sub-polar to equatorial, resulting in a high diversity of endemic species. We mobilized data from herbaria, floras, checklists, literature, the expertise of botanists and plant ecologists to compile the most complete dataset on endemic vascular plants and bryophytes in the 15 French Overseas Territories. To date, 3748 spermatophytes (seed plants), 244 pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes) and 448 bryophytes are strictly endemic to the overseas territories. New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Réunion harbour the highest numbers of strictly endemic species, yet French Guiana and the French Antilles harbour high numbers of regional endemic species due to their proximity with other territories. The endemic flora of these territories is highly threatened. In particular, 51% of strictly endemic spermatophytes are threatened and many species at risk belong to Rubiaceae and Orchidaceae families. Around 82% and 69% of strict and regional endemic spermatophytes and pteridophytes are found in the Paris herbaria. Only 34% of endemic bryophytes have their label information fully databased so that their total number in Paris herbaria is not known. Databasing the remaining specimens in the collection will greatly enhance future research and conservation projects. To facilitate the use of the information we compiled, we provide a publicly searchable dataset of the checklist. This study not only provides a picture of the flora of French overseas territories; it also identifies gaps in knowledge on which future research efforts in systematics, ecology and conservation could focus.
Programme: 136
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Vandenabeele-Trambouze O., Alekhina I., Benzerara K., Bulat S., Derenne S., Dobrijevic M., Engrand C., Fortin D., Gargaud M., Javaux E., Mustin C., Pascal R., Petit J-R. and J. Reisse. (2006). An astrobiology QUIZZ: How to recognize extraterrestrial life?.
Abstract: 6th European Workshop on Astrobiology, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, France, 16-18 October
Programme: 355
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Maggi A., Tape C., Chen M., Chao D. & Tromp J. (2009). An automated data-window selection algorithm for adjoint tomography. Geophysical journal international, 178, 257–281.
Abstract: We present FLEXWIN, an open source algorithm for the automated selection of time windows on pairs of observed and synthetic seismograms. The algorithm was designed specifically to accommodate synthetic seismograms produced from 3-D wavefield simulations, which capture complex phases that do not necessarily exist in 1-D simulations or traditional traveltime curves. Relying on signal processing tools and several user-tuned parameters, the algorithm is able to include these new phases and to maximize the number of measurements made on each seismic record, while avoiding seismic noise. Our motivation is to use the algorithm for iterative tomographic inversions, in which the synthetic seismograms change from one iteration to the next. Hence, automation is needed to handle the volume of measurements and to allow for an increasing number of windows at each model iteration. The algorithm is sufficiently flexible to be adapted to many tomographic applications and seismological scenarios, including those based on synthetics generated from 1-D models. We illustrate the algorithm using data sets from three distinct regions: the entire globe, the Japan subduction zone, and southern California.
Programme: 133;906
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Criscuolo F., Gabrielsen G.W., Gendner J.P. & Le Maho Y. (2000). An automatic weighing system application in a study of the common eider Somateria mollissima breeding biology. Alauda, 68(1), 59–63.
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Pruvost P., Duhamel G. & Palomares M.L.D. (2005). An ecosystem model of the Kerguelen islands' EEZ. Modeling Antarctic marine ecosystems, , 37–61.
Abstract: *In* Palomares M.L.D., Pruvost P., Pitcher T.J. & Pauly D. (Ed.), Modeling Antarctic marine ecosystems. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 13 (N). Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Programme: 373
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Fourati, H., Manamanni, N., Afilal, L., Van Hove, P., & Y. Handrich . (2010). An Efficient Body segment posture Tracking Fusing Magnetic and Inertial Sensing: An Observer-based Approach with Multiplicative Quaternion Correction. The 11th international conference on
Sciences and Techniques of Automatic control & computer engineering. December 19-21, 2010, Monastir, Tunisia.
.
Abstract: This paper concerns body attitude (orientation) estimation for free ranging animal. This work is applied in Bio-logging, an interdisciplinary research area at the intersection of animal behavior and bioengineering. The main idea of the proposed approach combines a quaternion-based sliding mode
observer with a Levenberg Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) and exploits measurements from Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) sensors as a 3-axis accelerometer, a 3-axis magnetometer and a 3-axis gyroscope to produce attitude estimates during the entire range of the observed animal’s body
movements. By considering the rigid-body dynamics expressed in quaternion representation, a Complementary Sliding Mode Observer (CSMO) is derived taking advantages from strap-down inertial measurement from gyroscope and vector observations from accelerometer and magnetometer to provide accurate attitude estimates. The efficiency of the proposed approach is showed with a set
of experiments through sensor measurements provided by an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU
Programme: 394
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Charlassier, R.; Hamilton, J.-Ch.; Bréelle, É.; Ghribi, A.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; Kaplan, J.; Piat, M.; Prêle, D. (2009). An efficient phase-shifting scheme for bolometric additive interferometry. 0935-4956, 497(3), 963–971.
Abstract: Context. Most upcoming CMB polarization experiments will use direct imaging to search for primordial gravitational waves through the B-modes. Bolometric interferometry is an appealing alternative to direct imaging that combines the advantages of interferometry in terms of systematic effects handling and those of bolometric detectors in terms of sensitivity.
Aims. We calculate the signal from a bolometric interferometer in order to investigate its sensitivity to the Stokes parameters paying particular attention to the choice of the phase shifting scheme applied to the input channels in order to modulate the signal.
Methods. The signal is expressed as a linear combination of the Stokes parameter visibilities whose coefficients are functions of the phase shifts.
Results. We show that the signal to noise ratio on the reconstructed visibilities can be maximized provided the fact that the phase shifting scheme is chosen in a particular way called “coherent summation of equivalent baselines”. As a result, a bolometric interferometer is competitive with an imager having the same number of horns, but only if the coherent summation of equivalent baselines is performed. We confirm our calculations using a Monte-Carlo simulation. We also discuss the impact of the uncertainties on the relative calibration between bolometers and propose a way to avoid this systematic effect.
Programme: 915
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Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev. (2018). An emic science of climate. Reindeer Evenki environmental knowledge and the notion of an “extreme process”.
Abstract: This paper was co-written by Lavrillier (anthropologist) and Gabyshev (reindeer herder and co-researcher) on the basis of their field materials, with documentation and analysis of complex traditional environmental knowledge. After discussing the methodology of a community-based transdisciplinary observatory for monitoring the climate and environmental changes with herders, the paper reveals some results from their co-production. It presents the emic science of climate (its typologies and concepts) the Evenki use for understanding norms and anomalies, observing and predicting changes, and adaptation. The authors then develop the notion of an “extreme process” and show that it is more suitable than the concept of an “extreme event” (used in climate change studies) for defining how the Evenki face climate change. By analysing several case studies, they define this notion as the interaction between an accumulation of climatic anomalies in different domains and other environmental disruptions. When external factors (economical, political, or industrial) join the mix, it results in a “hybrid extreme process”, which seriously questions the resilience of this nomadic society.
Keywords: climate change cognition community-based observatory environmental change hunter predators reindeer herding traditional ecological knowledge transdisciplinarity
Programme: 1127
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